铁路客车转向架构架材料焊接接头的组织与性能研究

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英文题名：Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Welded Joints of Bogie Frame Material in Carriage 作者：金光 论文级别：硕士 学科专业名称：材料加工工程 中文关键词：转向架构架 ; 焊接接头 ; 显微组织 ; 力学性能 英文关键词：Bogie frame ; Welded joint ; Microstructures ; Mechanical property 学位年度：2008 导师：许鸿吉 学科代码：080503 学位授予单位：大连交通大学

摘要

列车高速化是我国目前铁路客运发展的战略方向。随着车辆运行速度的不断提高,转向架焊接构架所承受的载荷更加复杂,这对转向架焊接构架的材质及焊接接头的力学性能提出了更高要求。因此,选择合适构架材质,进一步提高焊接质量对提速列车的安全运行有着极其重要的应用价值和现实意义。
     本文主要研究内容如下:采用JM-56实心焊丝和混合气体保护焊方法在相同的焊接工艺参数下焊接了16MnR、S355、S275及16MnR+Q235B铸钢四种不同材料,对焊接接头进行了拉伸,冲击、硬度等常规力学性能和疲劳性能试验,同时对焊接接头显微组织、断口形貌进行了观察与分析。
     试验结果表明,在试验工艺条件下采用JM-56焊丝焊接16MnR、S355、S275和16MnR+Q235B级铸钢时,焊缝组织主要为沿柱状晶晶界析出块状或条状先共析铁素体,少量珠光体、粒状贝氏体,晶内为细小的针状铁素体。其中S355钢和S275钢焊缝中还产生了数量不等的魏氏组织;热影响区熔合区、过热区主要为块状或条状先共析铁素体、少量的珠光体、粒状贝氏体、向晶内生长的条状铁素体,其中S275钢焊接接头过热区中还有少量针状铁素体,在16MnR+Q235B级铸钢熔合区、过热区中产生了一定量的魏氏组织。
     采用JM-56焊丝在试验工艺条件下焊接时,16MnR焊接接头不论是-20℃还是-40℃均具有较好的低温冲击韧性;与母材相比,S355、S275焊接接头-20℃和-40℃冲击功是均降低较多;而16MnR+Q235B铸钢焊接接头不论是-20℃还是-40℃都具有良好的低温冲击韧性。试验用四种材质的焊接接头-20℃和-40℃冲击功均大于转向架构架的有关标准值。
     采用JM-56焊接16MnR、S355和16MnR+Q235B铸钢时,在指定寿命为5×106次循环下其焊接接头的条件疲劳极限σ-1分别为:223.5 MPa、283.9 MPa、220.5MPa。
High speed of locomotive is becoming a strategic direction of the development of railway transportation in China. Higher materials quality and higher performances of the corresponding welded joints of bogie frame are desired to fit for the more complicated loads resulted from the constant heightening of running speed. Therefore, selecting suitable frame materials and upgrading the welding quality can be of great application value and practical significance for the safe operation of high velocity train.
     In this paper, by using JM-56 solid welding wire and mixed gas arc welding method 16MnR、S355、S275 and 16MnR&Q235B cast steel were welded under same processing parameters. Then, tensile, impact, microhardness and fatigue tests on the corresponding welded joints were carried out, and the microstructures and fracture morphologies were observed as well.
     The results showed that 16MnR、S355、S275 and 16MnR&Q235B cast steel when welded by using welding wire of JM-56 under the technological conditions of this study, the microstructure in welded metal mainly contains block and strip proeutectoid ferrites that appeared along the columnar grain boundaries, a little pearlites and granular bainites, while tenuous acicular ferrites appeared mainly within the grains. But in the welded metal of S355 and S275, a certain amount of Widmanstatten structures were observed.
     Fusion area and overheated zone mainly contains block or columnar proeutectoid ferrites, a little pearlites, granular bainites and some ferrite banding generated from grain boundaries to inside of grains. Meanwhile, a little acicular ferrites appeared within the welded joint, Nevertheless, in fusion area and overheated zone of 16MnR&Q235B also contains a quantity of Widmanst?tten structures.
     Welded by using JM-56 solid welding wire under the same technological conditions in this study, the low-temperature impact toughness of 16MnR is good at both -20℃and -40℃; Comparing with their base metal, impact toughness of welded joint of S355 and S275 steel has dramatic declined; however, the low-temperature impact toughness of 16MnR&Q235B cast steel is excellent at both -20℃and -40℃. The impact toughness of four different kinds of welded joints studied in this paper are all higher than the requirement of bogie frame at both -20℃and -40℃. The fatigue limit of 16MnR、S355 and 16MnR&Q235B welded joints are 223.5 MPa、283.9 MPa、220.5MPa respectively when the life period assigned as 5×106 circulations.

引文

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