西安市南郊道路交通噪声污染评价研究
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摘要
根据国家公布的数据表明,近年来城市区域声环境约有49%的属中度污染、30%的属轻度污染、10%的质量较好;道路交通噪声中约有17%的城市属中度污染、49%的城市属轻度污染、25%的声环境质量较好。噪声的污染给城市居民生活带来了很大的不利影响。开展噪声污染评价不仅具有科学意义,而且具有重要的实际意义。
近年来,西安市经济建设迅速发展和城市规模不断扩充,而城市道路交通设施建设严重滞后,这种现象使得城市交通主干道两侧的交通噪声污染问题日益突出,严重影响了人们的日常生活。经过详细的调查后发现,目前关于西安市道路交通噪声污染现状的研究非常少。本文选取西安市南郊四条比较繁华的主要道路长安路、南二环路、友谊路和环城南路,进行交通噪声实地监测,对产生的原因、性质、污染程度、传播特征、给人们带来的危害及当前主要治理措施等内容做了较全面的研究。同时提出几种常用有效的降噪措施,以期为西安市南郊道路交通噪声治理、政府决策提供理论依据。
本文通过研究得出了以下认识:
(1)根据监测的数据和对西安市南郊的交通噪声污染源的时间变化分析,得出西安市南郊交通噪声的时间分布特点为早晨8:00-9:00时和晚上18:00-19:00时这两个时段噪声最高,噪声值分别为72.04-72.07 dB和71.52-71.57 dB。这与车流量、人们的各种活动强度大有关。
(2)根据监测数据,对西安市南郊的道路交通噪声现状进行整体特征分析,不同区域道路及对周边环境的影响分析。得出西安市南郊道路交通噪声污染现象比较严重,其中环城南路、友谊路、南二环和长安路的等效声级Leq平均值分别为71.39dB、71.30dB、71.40dB和71.37dB,整体超出国家标准达1-2dB,且四条主干道等效声级Leq平均值都属于轻度污染。
(3)西安南郊道路噪声在水平方向上随距离的增加而降低。在距离公路边缘70-100m之间,能够达到居住、文教机关为主的区域环境噪声标准的要求;在距离公路边沿30-60m之间能够达到居住、商业、混杂区环境噪声标准的要求;在距20m处能够达到工业区的环境噪声标准;在10m处能够达到城市道路交通干线两侧区域环境噪声准;在0-5m之间噪声值超标。西安南郊道路交通噪声在竖直方向上噪声值随楼层的增高先升高然后又缓慢降低,在第2到第7层(即5-19m)范围内出现最大值67.2dB。
(4)根据分析,认识到造成西安市南郊道路交通状况的主要因素为:车流量、车辆的构成和种类、车辆行驶状况、车辆性能、城市交通管理和道路建设等。另外,行人交通规则意识淡薄,来往车辆为避行人鸣笛现象严重,这也是交通噪声的一个间接因素。如果能在西安市内开展交通规则宣传与学习的活动,或许能从根本上杜绝或减缓车辆鸣笛现象,继而降低交通噪声。
According to the national announcement data, in recent years about 49% of the sound environment in cities were the moderate pollution, 30% were the light pollution, and 10% were good. 17% of the traffic noises were the moderate pollution, 49% were the light pollution, and 29% were good. Traffic noise pollution is disturbing the daily life of the urban dwellers badly. So evaluating the traffic noise pollution has important significance in theory and practice.
In recent years, the economy developed rapidly and the city expanded continuously in Xi'an, however the construction of urban traffic facilities is left far behind, which has made the traffic noise problem besides main roads serious increasingly. Through making a detailed investigation, we found that research on the present road traffic noise in Xi'an is few. This paper selects main prosperous road which is ChangAn road、Second Ring road、Youyi road and Huancheng road in southern suburbs of Xi'an, and carries on-the-spot monitoring of traffic noise. According to the monitor results and investigation materials, this paper has studied comprehensively the noise property, propagation characteristics, causes, damages to the people and current main control measures, evaluated the grade of noise pollution and presented some effective measures. This research could provide scientific basis for controlling traffic noise and governmental decision-making.
Based on research the conclusions were reached as bellow:
(1) According to the monitoring data and analysis to temporal variations of traffic noise in southern suburbs of Xi'an, it was concluded that in southern suburbs of Xi'an the traffic noises in 8 : 00-9 : 00 am and 18 : 00 -19 : 00 pm were higher and the values were respectively 72.04-72.07 dB and 71.52-71.57 dB, which was related to big vehicle flux and strong human activities.
(2) According to the monitoring data and analyses to the integral characteristics of traffic noises in southern suburbs of Xi'an and to the influence of different regions' traffic noises on surroundings, it was concluded that the traffic noise pollution in southern suburbs of Xi'an was serious. The average of Leq was 71.39dB on Huancheng road, 71.30dB on Youyi road, 71.40dB on second ring road, and 71.37dB on ChangAn road. It was 1-2 dB exceeding the national standard and 4 main roads were all slight pollution.
(3) Traffic noise in Southern Suburbs of Xi'an decreased with the distance increase in horizontal direction. 70-100m to the edge of roadsides can achieve regional environmental noise standards for living, culture and education, 30-60 m to the edge of roadsides can achieve the residential, commercial, mixed environmental noise standards, 20m can achieve the industrial areas environmental noise standards, 10m can achieve the road traffic noise standards, and between 0-5 m the noise value were over standard. Traffic noise in Southern Suburbs of Xi'an increased with the increasing of the storey firstly, and then decreased. Traffic noise reached the maximum of 67.2dB at the range of 2-7 storey (5-19 m), and then decreased regularly with the increasing of the storey.
(4) Based on analyses, it was known that the main factors traffic noise in southern suburbs of Xi'an was vehicle flux、vehicle driving conditions、vehicle performance、urban traffic management, road construction and so on. In addition, the indirect factors were the faint consciousness to traffic rules and serious phenomena of vehicle whistle. Developing studying and propagating traffic rulesmaybe can put an end to phenomena of vehicle whistle and decrease traffic noise.
近年来,西安市经济建设迅速发展和城市规模不断扩充,而城市道路交通设施建设严重滞后,这种现象使得城市交通主干道两侧的交通噪声污染问题日益突出,严重影响了人们的日常生活。经过详细的调查后发现,目前关于西安市道路交通噪声污染现状的研究非常少。本文选取西安市南郊四条比较繁华的主要道路长安路、南二环路、友谊路和环城南路,进行交通噪声实地监测,对产生的原因、性质、污染程度、传播特征、给人们带来的危害及当前主要治理措施等内容做了较全面的研究。同时提出几种常用有效的降噪措施,以期为西安市南郊道路交通噪声治理、政府决策提供理论依据。
本文通过研究得出了以下认识:
(1)根据监测的数据和对西安市南郊的交通噪声污染源的时间变化分析,得出西安市南郊交通噪声的时间分布特点为早晨8:00-9:00时和晚上18:00-19:00时这两个时段噪声最高,噪声值分别为72.04-72.07 dB和71.52-71.57 dB。这与车流量、人们的各种活动强度大有关。
(2)根据监测数据,对西安市南郊的道路交通噪声现状进行整体特征分析,不同区域道路及对周边环境的影响分析。得出西安市南郊道路交通噪声污染现象比较严重,其中环城南路、友谊路、南二环和长安路的等效声级Leq平均值分别为71.39dB、71.30dB、71.40dB和71.37dB,整体超出国家标准达1-2dB,且四条主干道等效声级Leq平均值都属于轻度污染。
(3)西安南郊道路噪声在水平方向上随距离的增加而降低。在距离公路边缘70-100m之间,能够达到居住、文教机关为主的区域环境噪声标准的要求;在距离公路边沿30-60m之间能够达到居住、商业、混杂区环境噪声标准的要求;在距20m处能够达到工业区的环境噪声标准;在10m处能够达到城市道路交通干线两侧区域环境噪声准;在0-5m之间噪声值超标。西安南郊道路交通噪声在竖直方向上噪声值随楼层的增高先升高然后又缓慢降低,在第2到第7层(即5-19m)范围内出现最大值67.2dB。
(4)根据分析,认识到造成西安市南郊道路交通状况的主要因素为:车流量、车辆的构成和种类、车辆行驶状况、车辆性能、城市交通管理和道路建设等。另外,行人交通规则意识淡薄,来往车辆为避行人鸣笛现象严重,这也是交通噪声的一个间接因素。如果能在西安市内开展交通规则宣传与学习的活动,或许能从根本上杜绝或减缓车辆鸣笛现象,继而降低交通噪声。
According to the national announcement data, in recent years about 49% of the sound environment in cities were the moderate pollution, 30% were the light pollution, and 10% were good. 17% of the traffic noises were the moderate pollution, 49% were the light pollution, and 29% were good. Traffic noise pollution is disturbing the daily life of the urban dwellers badly. So evaluating the traffic noise pollution has important significance in theory and practice.
In recent years, the economy developed rapidly and the city expanded continuously in Xi'an, however the construction of urban traffic facilities is left far behind, which has made the traffic noise problem besides main roads serious increasingly. Through making a detailed investigation, we found that research on the present road traffic noise in Xi'an is few. This paper selects main prosperous road which is ChangAn road、Second Ring road、Youyi road and Huancheng road in southern suburbs of Xi'an, and carries on-the-spot monitoring of traffic noise. According to the monitor results and investigation materials, this paper has studied comprehensively the noise property, propagation characteristics, causes, damages to the people and current main control measures, evaluated the grade of noise pollution and presented some effective measures. This research could provide scientific basis for controlling traffic noise and governmental decision-making.
Based on research the conclusions were reached as bellow:
(1) According to the monitoring data and analysis to temporal variations of traffic noise in southern suburbs of Xi'an, it was concluded that in southern suburbs of Xi'an the traffic noises in 8 : 00-9 : 00 am and 18 : 00 -19 : 00 pm were higher and the values were respectively 72.04-72.07 dB and 71.52-71.57 dB, which was related to big vehicle flux and strong human activities.
(2) According to the monitoring data and analyses to the integral characteristics of traffic noises in southern suburbs of Xi'an and to the influence of different regions' traffic noises on surroundings, it was concluded that the traffic noise pollution in southern suburbs of Xi'an was serious. The average of Leq was 71.39dB on Huancheng road, 71.30dB on Youyi road, 71.40dB on second ring road, and 71.37dB on ChangAn road. It was 1-2 dB exceeding the national standard and 4 main roads were all slight pollution.
(3) Traffic noise in Southern Suburbs of Xi'an decreased with the distance increase in horizontal direction. 70-100m to the edge of roadsides can achieve regional environmental noise standards for living, culture and education, 30-60 m to the edge of roadsides can achieve the residential, commercial, mixed environmental noise standards, 20m can achieve the industrial areas environmental noise standards, 10m can achieve the road traffic noise standards, and between 0-5 m the noise value were over standard. Traffic noise in Southern Suburbs of Xi'an increased with the increasing of the storey firstly, and then decreased. Traffic noise reached the maximum of 67.2dB at the range of 2-7 storey (5-19 m), and then decreased regularly with the increasing of the storey.
(4) Based on analyses, it was known that the main factors traffic noise in southern suburbs of Xi'an was vehicle flux、vehicle driving conditions、vehicle performance、urban traffic management, road construction and so on. In addition, the indirect factors were the faint consciousness to traffic rules and serious phenomena of vehicle whistle. Developing studying and propagating traffic rulesmaybe can put an end to phenomena of vehicle whistle and decrease traffic noise.
引文
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