FDI对中国电子及通信设备制造业的技术外溢效应的实证分析
|
摘要
本文在回顾了外国直接投资对东道国技术外溢效应理论的基础上,着重对吸收外资活跃的电子及通信行业进行实证分析,研究FDI对电子及通信行业技术进步的影响。本文结果显示:进入该行业的外国直接投资具有正的外溢效应,且显著;而三资企业的R&D投入对国内企业技术水平的促进作用却不明显。外国直接投资通过R&D投入实现技术外溢效应并不明显的原因:一方面,跨国公司在我国的子公司的技术水平难以达到跨国公司在发达国家所具有的水平;另一方面,国内企业技术吸收能力较弱、创新能力不强,难以形成一批能与国外大型跨国公司相抗衡的本土企业,跨国公司在技术竞争中处于绝对优势,这样就不会把最先进的技术向发展中东道国的子公司转移。而正的外溢效应主要来自跨国公司先进技术的示范效应以及三资企业培训所引起的人力资源流动,特别是先进的管理技术和经营理念的传播。最后,本文针对目前电子及通信行业吸收外溢技术的不足,对如何更好的利用和扩大FDI技术外溢效应提出了相应的政策建议。
After reviewing theories of FDI technology spillovers in host country, this thesisanalyzes FDI technology spillover effects on China's electronic and communicationdevice manufacturing through an empirical study, since it is one of the most activeindustries in attracting foreign direct investment in China. And the results show thatFDI in this industry has significant positive spillover effects on our domesticenterprises while R&D activity by foreign enterprises can not significantly enhancethe technical level of domestic firms within this industry. The latter is because on theone hand technologies used by subsidiaries of multinational corporations in China aregenerally not the most advanced;on the other hand, poor technology absorption andinnovation capabilities of local firms also restrain such technologies from beingtransferred into these subsidiaries since the multinational corporation has won theabsolute advantage in technology competition. Thus, the positive spillovers aremainly resulted from demonstration effects of advanced technologies and skilled laborturnovers, especially the transmission of advanced management mechanism and noveloperation ideas into domestic enterprises. In the end, policy suggestions on how tobetter utilize and expand FDI spillovers are presented against poor technologyabsorption of our domestic enterprises.
After reviewing theories of FDI technology spillovers in host country, this thesisanalyzes FDI technology spillover effects on China's electronic and communicationdevice manufacturing through an empirical study, since it is one of the most activeindustries in attracting foreign direct investment in China. And the results show thatFDI in this industry has significant positive spillover effects on our domesticenterprises while R&D activity by foreign enterprises can not significantly enhancethe technical level of domestic firms within this industry. The latter is because on theone hand technologies used by subsidiaries of multinational corporations in China aregenerally not the most advanced;on the other hand, poor technology absorption andinnovation capabilities of local firms also restrain such technologies from beingtransferred into these subsidiaries since the multinational corporation has won theabsolute advantage in technology competition. Thus, the positive spillovers aremainly resulted from demonstration effects of advanced technologies and skilled laborturnovers, especially the transmission of advanced management mechanism and noveloperation ideas into domestic enterprises. In the end, policy suggestions on how tobetter utilize and expand FDI spillovers are presented against poor technologyabsorption of our domestic enterprises.
引文
[1]国家统计局,国家发展和改革委员会和科学技术部编,(2002)“中国高技术产业统计年鉴 2002,”中国统计出版社
[2]国家统计局,国家发展和改革委员会和科学技术部编,(2003)“中国高技术产业统计年鉴 2003,”中国统计出版社
[3]国家统计局,国家发展和改革委员会和科学技术部编,(2005)“中国高技术产业统计年鉴 2005,”中国统计出版社
[4]国家统计局编,(1999-2005)“中国统计年鉴,”中国统计出版社
[5]国家发展和改革委员会,高技术产业司,宏观经济研究院编,(2005)“中国高技术产业发展年鉴 2005,”北京理工大学出版社
[6]何洁,(2000)“外商直接投资对中国工业部门外溢效应的进一步精确量化,”《世界经济》第 1 期
[7]联合国贸易和发展会议 UNCTD,(2005)“2005 年世界投资报告”
[8]刘杰,(2004)“中国获取外商直接投资技术外溢效应的研究,”东北财经大学 2004年硕士毕业论文
[9]沈坤荣,(1999)“外国直接投资与中国经济增长,”《管理世界》第 5 期
[10]沈坤荣等,(2000)“外国直接投资的外溢效应分析,”《金融研究》第 3 期
[11]王志鹏等,(2003)“外资对中国工业企业生产效率的影响研究,”《管理世界》第 4 期
[12]夏良科,(2004)“外商直接投资与行业技术进步—对对电子及通讯产品制造业的实证分析,《经济》第 1 期:48-55。
[13]姚洋等,(2001)“中国工业企业技术效率分析,”《经济研究》第 10 期
[14]赵奎勋,(1999)“外商直接投资中技术扩散的分析,”对外经济贸易大学 1999 年毕业论文
[15]《中国通信设备行业兼并重组决策分析研究报告 2006》 http://market.ccidnet.com/pub/report/show_8668.html
[16]中华人民共和国商务部编,(2005)“2005 中国外商投资报告,”内部资料
[17]Aitken, B.J., and Harrison, A., (1999) “Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?Evidence from Venezuela,” American Economic Review 89: 605-618
[18]Blomstrom, M., and Kokko, A., (1998) “Multinational Corporations and Spillovers,” Journal of Economic Surveys: 12, March, 247-278
[19]Blomstrom, M. and Pesson, (1983) “Foreign Investment and Spillovers Efficiency Benefits in an Undeveloped Economy: Evidence from the Mexican Manufacturing Industries,” World Development 11: 493-501
[20]Blomstrom, M., (1986) “Foreign Investment and Productive Efficiency: the Case of Mexico,” Journal of Industrial Economics 15: 97-110
[21]Caves, R.E. (1974) “Multinational Firms, Competition and Productivity in Host Country Markets,” Economica 41: 176-193
[22]Feder, (1982) “Export on Economic Growth,” Journal of Development Economics12: 59-73
[23]Flores, (2000) “Foreign Direct Investment and Spillovers: What Can We Learn from Portuguese Data?”
[24]Globerman, S. (1979) “Foreign Direct Investment and Spillovers Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries,” Canadian Journal of Economics12: 42-56
[25]Haddad, M., A. Harrison (1993) “Are There Positive Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from Morocco,” Journal of Development Economics42:51-74
[26]Kokko, A., (1992) “Foreign Direct Investment, Host Country Characteristics and Spillovers,” the Economic Research Institute, Stockholm
[27]Kokko, A., (1996) “Local Technological Capability and Productivity Spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan Manufacturing Sector,” Journal of Development Studies32: 602-606
[2]国家统计局,国家发展和改革委员会和科学技术部编,(2003)“中国高技术产业统计年鉴 2003,”中国统计出版社
[3]国家统计局,国家发展和改革委员会和科学技术部编,(2005)“中国高技术产业统计年鉴 2005,”中国统计出版社
[4]国家统计局编,(1999-2005)“中国统计年鉴,”中国统计出版社
[5]国家发展和改革委员会,高技术产业司,宏观经济研究院编,(2005)“中国高技术产业发展年鉴 2005,”北京理工大学出版社
[6]何洁,(2000)“外商直接投资对中国工业部门外溢效应的进一步精确量化,”《世界经济》第 1 期
[7]联合国贸易和发展会议 UNCTD,(2005)“2005 年世界投资报告”
[8]刘杰,(2004)“中国获取外商直接投资技术外溢效应的研究,”东北财经大学 2004年硕士毕业论文
[9]沈坤荣,(1999)“外国直接投资与中国经济增长,”《管理世界》第 5 期
[10]沈坤荣等,(2000)“外国直接投资的外溢效应分析,”《金融研究》第 3 期
[11]王志鹏等,(2003)“外资对中国工业企业生产效率的影响研究,”《管理世界》第 4 期
[12]夏良科,(2004)“外商直接投资与行业技术进步—对对电子及通讯产品制造业的实证分析,《经济》第 1 期:48-55。
[13]姚洋等,(2001)“中国工业企业技术效率分析,”《经济研究》第 10 期
[14]赵奎勋,(1999)“外商直接投资中技术扩散的分析,”对外经济贸易大学 1999 年毕业论文
[15]《中国通信设备行业兼并重组决策分析研究报告 2006》 http://market.ccidnet.com/pub/report/show_8668.html
[16]中华人民共和国商务部编,(2005)“2005 中国外商投资报告,”内部资料
[17]Aitken, B.J., and Harrison, A., (1999) “Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?Evidence from Venezuela,” American Economic Review 89: 605-618
[18]Blomstrom, M., and Kokko, A., (1998) “Multinational Corporations and Spillovers,” Journal of Economic Surveys: 12, March, 247-278
[19]Blomstrom, M. and Pesson, (1983) “Foreign Investment and Spillovers Efficiency Benefits in an Undeveloped Economy: Evidence from the Mexican Manufacturing Industries,” World Development 11: 493-501
[20]Blomstrom, M., (1986) “Foreign Investment and Productive Efficiency: the Case of Mexico,” Journal of Industrial Economics 15: 97-110
[21]Caves, R.E. (1974) “Multinational Firms, Competition and Productivity in Host Country Markets,” Economica 41: 176-193
[22]Feder, (1982) “Export on Economic Growth,” Journal of Development Economics12: 59-73
[23]Flores, (2000) “Foreign Direct Investment and Spillovers: What Can We Learn from Portuguese Data?”
[24]Globerman, S. (1979) “Foreign Direct Investment and Spillovers Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries,” Canadian Journal of Economics12: 42-56
[25]Haddad, M., A. Harrison (1993) “Are There Positive Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from Morocco,” Journal of Development Economics42:51-74
[26]Kokko, A., (1992) “Foreign Direct Investment, Host Country Characteristics and Spillovers,” the Economic Research Institute, Stockholm
[27]Kokko, A., (1996) “Local Technological Capability and Productivity Spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan Manufacturing Sector,” Journal of Development Studies32: 602-606
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |