基于嵌入式Web服务器的电量采集系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着中国经济的持续发展和电力领域管理自动化水平的提高,传统人工抄表存在的诸多弊端已不能适应如今的需求。十多年来,我国相继开发出一些自动抄表系统,其中多以电话线网络、电力线载波、RS-485总线等为主要通信方式。而这些通信方式在抗干扰、基础设施投入、适用范围等方面存在一些弊端。
本文基于对无线宽带传输网络的研究,尤其是对GPRS的研究后发现GPRS网络通信具有覆盖范围大、传输速率高、按流量收费等特点,适合电力抄表系统的应用,结合电力远程抄表系统的具体需求,给出了基于GPRS网络的远程电力集中抄表系统的解决方案。
本文结合国内多功能485智能电能表的运行现状,按照国家和电力行业标准,确定采集器的功能要求和运行指标。选用高性能价格比的嵌入式处理器,设计具有有线/无线/红外混合通信、本地显示、存储记忆、实时时钟等功能,适用所有带485通讯接口的单相、三相、分时智能电表的硬件电路,并编程实现相应功能,开发具有完全自主知识产权的低压电能量采集系统。主要完成硬件和软件两个方面的设计,硬件设计实现以下功能:
(1)电力部门所辖区域内采用全无线方式抄收;
(2)每个数据采集终端连接16个左右电表,由无线集中器将各数据采集终端抄得的电表数据传送到抄表中心。同时集抄系统能与省级电力公司的MIS系统或需求侧管理平台软件进行数据通信,上传抄收的数据。
(3)抄表中心软件可根据设置的不同,改变抄表方式,可将无线集中器的数据定时向抄表中心发送,也可以设置为抄表中心主动向无线集中器要用户电表数据,无线集中器在接收到抄表指令后,立即向抄表中心发送需要的数据。
结合系统硬件设计,对系统工作流程以及初始化等内容进行了较为详细的设计。对系统方案进行了技术测试的结果表明所设计系统稳定性和可靠性高,满足现代电力运营和电力管理多方面的需求,可以大大提高经济效益和运行效益,具有广泛的实用性和市场价值。最后提出了在研制开发嵌入式自动抄表系统中的一些缺点和不足,并提出了下一阶段工作思路。
With china's sustained development in economy and management automation in power industry continues to improve, defects brought by traditional manual meter reading could no longer meet current increasing needs. In the past 10 years, China has developed some auto meter reading (AMR) systems. In these AMR ,they mainly took telephone line, power line carrier (PLC ) and RS-485 bus as the key means of communication. However, these methods had some drawbacks in anti-jamming, infrastructure investment cost and coverage scale.
This paper focused on wireless broadband network especially on GPRS whose advantages such as large coverage scale, high transmit rate and charge on throughput are very appropriate for AMR in power industry. After we analyzed concrete demands for remote power concentration reading system, we figured out a solution for it which would be based on GPRS.
This paper domes the situation of intelligence-485 Meter in our country. According to the state and the power industry standards, we determine the functional requirements for acquisition and operation of indicators. The high price-performance embedded processors are selected. We design a wired/ wireless/ infrared hybrid communications with local, memory, real-time clock, and other functions. The system can be applied to the communication interface with 485 single-phase, three-phase, time-sharing smart meters. The hardware circuits with the corresponding programming function together. This low-voltage electric energy collection system has a fully independent intellectual property rights. Hardware and software aspects of the design are completed; hardware design has the following functions:
(1) Using the whole area wireless collection in the electricity sector;
(2) Each data collection terminal connects about 16 meters. Wireless data collection terminal sends data to the meter-reading meter data center. At the same time, concentration and collection system connects with provincial power companies MIS systems or demand-side management software platform for data communications, and uploads the data.
(3) Reading centre sets up under a different way by changing the meter reading. The data of the wireless concentrator can regularly be sent to the Centre of meter reading, and meter reading can also set up centers to take the initiative to focus on wireless-meter data to users. After receiving meter reading center's order, wireless concentrator sent the needing data immediately.
With hardware design, systems processes, and other contents including initialize are designed more detailed. A technical test results show the system's stability and high reliability, which can meet modern power operation and management of various aspects of electricity demand. Also it can greatly enhance economic efficiency and operational efficiency, with a wide range of practical and market value.
As we expected, this system has a high stabilization and reliability, meeting the demands of electrical power running and managing, getting much economic benefits and running benefit ,and having extensive practicability and market value.
At last, some shortcomings and deficiencies in this system were pointed out and the suggestion of revision in the next stage was also proposed.
本文基于对无线宽带传输网络的研究,尤其是对GPRS的研究后发现GPRS网络通信具有覆盖范围大、传输速率高、按流量收费等特点,适合电力抄表系统的应用,结合电力远程抄表系统的具体需求,给出了基于GPRS网络的远程电力集中抄表系统的解决方案。
本文结合国内多功能485智能电能表的运行现状,按照国家和电力行业标准,确定采集器的功能要求和运行指标。选用高性能价格比的嵌入式处理器,设计具有有线/无线/红外混合通信、本地显示、存储记忆、实时时钟等功能,适用所有带485通讯接口的单相、三相、分时智能电表的硬件电路,并编程实现相应功能,开发具有完全自主知识产权的低压电能量采集系统。主要完成硬件和软件两个方面的设计,硬件设计实现以下功能:
(1)电力部门所辖区域内采用全无线方式抄收;
(2)每个数据采集终端连接16个左右电表,由无线集中器将各数据采集终端抄得的电表数据传送到抄表中心。同时集抄系统能与省级电力公司的MIS系统或需求侧管理平台软件进行数据通信,上传抄收的数据。
(3)抄表中心软件可根据设置的不同,改变抄表方式,可将无线集中器的数据定时向抄表中心发送,也可以设置为抄表中心主动向无线集中器要用户电表数据,无线集中器在接收到抄表指令后,立即向抄表中心发送需要的数据。
结合系统硬件设计,对系统工作流程以及初始化等内容进行了较为详细的设计。对系统方案进行了技术测试的结果表明所设计系统稳定性和可靠性高,满足现代电力运营和电力管理多方面的需求,可以大大提高经济效益和运行效益,具有广泛的实用性和市场价值。最后提出了在研制开发嵌入式自动抄表系统中的一些缺点和不足,并提出了下一阶段工作思路。
With china's sustained development in economy and management automation in power industry continues to improve, defects brought by traditional manual meter reading could no longer meet current increasing needs. In the past 10 years, China has developed some auto meter reading (AMR) systems. In these AMR ,they mainly took telephone line, power line carrier (PLC ) and RS-485 bus as the key means of communication. However, these methods had some drawbacks in anti-jamming, infrastructure investment cost and coverage scale.
This paper focused on wireless broadband network especially on GPRS whose advantages such as large coverage scale, high transmit rate and charge on throughput are very appropriate for AMR in power industry. After we analyzed concrete demands for remote power concentration reading system, we figured out a solution for it which would be based on GPRS.
This paper domes the situation of intelligence-485 Meter in our country. According to the state and the power industry standards, we determine the functional requirements for acquisition and operation of indicators. The high price-performance embedded processors are selected. We design a wired/ wireless/ infrared hybrid communications with local, memory, real-time clock, and other functions. The system can be applied to the communication interface with 485 single-phase, three-phase, time-sharing smart meters. The hardware circuits with the corresponding programming function together. This low-voltage electric energy collection system has a fully independent intellectual property rights. Hardware and software aspects of the design are completed; hardware design has the following functions:
(1) Using the whole area wireless collection in the electricity sector;
(2) Each data collection terminal connects about 16 meters. Wireless data collection terminal sends data to the meter-reading meter data center. At the same time, concentration and collection system connects with provincial power companies MIS systems or demand-side management software platform for data communications, and uploads the data.
(3) Reading centre sets up under a different way by changing the meter reading. The data of the wireless concentrator can regularly be sent to the Centre of meter reading, and meter reading can also set up centers to take the initiative to focus on wireless-meter data to users. After receiving meter reading center's order, wireless concentrator sent the needing data immediately.
With hardware design, systems processes, and other contents including initialize are designed more detailed. A technical test results show the system's stability and high reliability, which can meet modern power operation and management of various aspects of electricity demand. Also it can greatly enhance economic efficiency and operational efficiency, with a wide range of practical and market value.
As we expected, this system has a high stabilization and reliability, meeting the demands of electrical power running and managing, getting much economic benefits and running benefit ,and having extensive practicability and market value.
At last, some shortcomings and deficiencies in this system were pointed out and the suggestion of revision in the next stage was also proposed.
引文
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[2]朱兆优RS-485S总线在远程自动抄表系统中的应用 东华理工学院学报(自然科学版),2005(2)
[3]关军明 基于Internet的嵌入式远传自动抄表系统研制[D]:[学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[4]贾智平,张瑞华 嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M]北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[5]屈平GPRS无线抄表系统及应用[J]上海电器技术,2004(4):29-32
[6]唐伟等 基于GPRS技术的远程抄表系统设计[J]电力系统通信,2004(11):37-40
[7]裘管福 自动抄表系统技术新进展[J]城市公用事业,2000(6):18-20
[8]夏怡虹 居民小区的自动抄表系统[J]中国住宅设施,2006(7):57-60
[9]吕洪生等 使用卫星通信工程[M]成都:成都电子科技大学出版社,1994:637-647
[10]李华,李学云,区细成,卢斌 现代移动通信新技术——GPRS系统[M]上海:华南理工大学出版社,2001.5
[11]舒华英,胡一闻等 移动互联网技术及应用[M]北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.7
[12]唐运虞,刘向东,修春波,李晴 基于GPRS的车辆监控系统的设计[J]信息技术,2004.Vol.28.No.10
[13]石险峰,单夫来 基于GPRS的火灾自动报警远程监控网络[J]消防科学与技术,2004.Vol.23.No.6
[14]刘彩霞,刘波粒,李新民从2G到3G演进的中介技术——GPRS[J]现代电子技术,2004.Vol.27.No.15
[15]MC55 AT Command Set version 03.03.SIEMENS 2005
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[17]张成伟,杜旭,杨宗凯 基于MiuiGUI和嵌入式Linux的GSM/GPRS无线通信模块[J]计算机工程,2004.Vol.30.No.21
[18]蔡方凯 非接触式智能抄表系统设计[J]现代电子技术,2004.Vol.27.No.20
[19]曾伟,郑建勇,胡敏强GPRS无线通信在监控装置中的应用研究[J]电力自动化设备,2004 Vol.24.No.9
[20]雷学丽,杨锡运,徐大平 基于GPRS技术的集中式自动抄表系统[J]电力自动化设备,2004 Vol.24.No-8
[21]周云辉、范立志 基于GPRS的无线监控管理系统中远程终端拨号接入技术的实现[J]湖南理工学院学报(自然科学版),2004V ol.17.No.3
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[23]L.T.Tang,P.L.So,E.Gunawan,Y.L.Guan,et al.characterization and modeling of in—building Power lines for high—speed data transmission.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,v.18,n.1,2003,pp.69—77.
[24]王经顺,张磷 基于GPRS网络的环境自动监控数据传输系统的设计[J]江苏环境科技,2004Vol.17.No.3
[25]肖桂珍,蒋琳 GPRS系统在数据监控系统中的应用[J]常州工学院学报,2004V ol.17 No.4
[26]申波,李恒,宋德保,张玉宁GPRS技术在电能计量计费中的研究与应用[J]现代电子技术,2004 Vol.27.No.16
[27]轩世杰,蔡孟武,魏孟军 基于GPRS的热电远程监控系统开发应用[J]电力系统通信,2004 Vol.25.No.8
[28]韩冰,李芬华GPRS技术在数据采集与监控系统中的应用[J]电子技术,2003Vol.30 No.8
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