机械设计中轴系的结构方案设计
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摘要
本文源自于机械结构方案设计的下游细化工作,通过对设计模型的研究,以机械设计中轴系为研究对象,针对轴系主要的功能元进行了分类讨论,提出了运用特征数据属性一词来描述各个类型的功能元,以滚动轴承的14项特征的提取为基础,讨论了传动功能元齿轮副的特征属性,轴的属性,并在此基础上建立了合理并有一定扩展性的数据结构实现了特征属性按类别的存储。应用符号表达、集合运算等知识对单轴和轴系情况下的结构布局设计问题分别进行了详细的讨论,对轴系的多种结构模型进行了计算分析,通过实例给出了圆锥外啮合齿轮传动的9种结构布局形式。
结合相关的设计模型,总结出与实际相适应的轴系结构方案设计的总流程,并在其指导下开发实用的结构方案辅助设计平台。建立系统主流程模型、数据集成模型、图形生成模块、结构布局多方案生成模块、滚动轴承匹配模块下设计了与下游设计相联系的设计模块。从而整个设计流程流畅,易于用户理解操作。
采用面向对象的方法对系统的层次结构进行分析,根据模块化的思想把系统划分为显示层、数据层、业务层及存储层,各层之间采用统一接口的形式进行数据交换,从而保证了系统的稳定性与扩展性。应用企业级关系数据库系统Microsoft SQL Server 2000作为数据平台构建系统数据模型,采用面向对象的编程语言对系统的业务流程进行实现,采用ADO/OLE DB技术进行数据访问。最后,本文采用理论结合实践的研究方法,通过系统在实际例子中的应用对系统的有效性和适用性进行了验证,对解决方案进行了总结,从而证明了系统的先进性与实用性。
This paper derives from the research and development of detail research of structure scheme design, a sub project of the whole system. In this paper advanced design models are analyzed, and the structure characteristics of shaft system are integrated. The main functional item of shaft system is discussed.The feature propery is put forward to summarize a feature-based design model. The current situation of structure conceptual design and the existing problems are analyzed in this paper.The 14 feature items of rolling bearings are studied firstly,then the features of gear pair and shaft is abstracted.At the mean while,an reasonalble and extensible data structure is established to realize the storage of feature dataJn the feature-based design model, shaft system modules are adopted microcosmically to connect the functional concept and structural scheme, while calculate concept is employed macrocosmically to achieve the cooperation of the whole design process. The mathematic module is adopted in both single shaft and multi-shaft system to calculate the diversified shaft forms in different structure scheme.The 9 structure schemes of bevel gear pair is given out as an example.Thus according to related design module, the main flow chart of structure scheme design adapt to the real design is summarized. On the guidance of the thinking the computer aided structure scheme design system is developed and implemented. The system main flow model, data integration model, graphics building model, multi-structure scheme design module,rolling bearing design model and its sub system for detail design are constructed. These models guarantee the form of a multilayer design system contained the general structure design, data integrated in system on the base of the global design flow.Thus a fluent and user-friendly system is designed under the direction of the above description and theories.The system hierarchy model is analyzed by the Object-Oriented method. In order to enhance stability and expansibility, the system is divided to display layer, data layer, operation layer and storage layer. And it uses the interface to exchange data between these layers. The system data model is build based on Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database system. The applied software is programmed by Object-Oriented program language and ADO/OLE DB data accessing interface. At last, the system is implemented in the real example, and the practice of software in the example shows that the approaches of the paper are effective and practicable.
结合相关的设计模型,总结出与实际相适应的轴系结构方案设计的总流程,并在其指导下开发实用的结构方案辅助设计平台。建立系统主流程模型、数据集成模型、图形生成模块、结构布局多方案生成模块、滚动轴承匹配模块下设计了与下游设计相联系的设计模块。从而整个设计流程流畅,易于用户理解操作。
采用面向对象的方法对系统的层次结构进行分析,根据模块化的思想把系统划分为显示层、数据层、业务层及存储层,各层之间采用统一接口的形式进行数据交换,从而保证了系统的稳定性与扩展性。应用企业级关系数据库系统Microsoft SQL Server 2000作为数据平台构建系统数据模型,采用面向对象的编程语言对系统的业务流程进行实现,采用ADO/OLE DB技术进行数据访问。最后,本文采用理论结合实践的研究方法,通过系统在实际例子中的应用对系统的有效性和适用性进行了验证,对解决方案进行了总结,从而证明了系统的先进性与实用性。
This paper derives from the research and development of detail research of structure scheme design, a sub project of the whole system. In this paper advanced design models are analyzed, and the structure characteristics of shaft system are integrated. The main functional item of shaft system is discussed.The feature propery is put forward to summarize a feature-based design model. The current situation of structure conceptual design and the existing problems are analyzed in this paper.The 14 feature items of rolling bearings are studied firstly,then the features of gear pair and shaft is abstracted.At the mean while,an reasonalble and extensible data structure is established to realize the storage of feature dataJn the feature-based design model, shaft system modules are adopted microcosmically to connect the functional concept and structural scheme, while calculate concept is employed macrocosmically to achieve the cooperation of the whole design process. The mathematic module is adopted in both single shaft and multi-shaft system to calculate the diversified shaft forms in different structure scheme.The 9 structure schemes of bevel gear pair is given out as an example.Thus according to related design module, the main flow chart of structure scheme design adapt to the real design is summarized. On the guidance of the thinking the computer aided structure scheme design system is developed and implemented. The system main flow model, data integration model, graphics building model, multi-structure scheme design module,rolling bearing design model and its sub system for detail design are constructed. These models guarantee the form of a multilayer design system contained the general structure design, data integrated in system on the base of the global design flow.Thus a fluent and user-friendly system is designed under the direction of the above description and theories.The system hierarchy model is analyzed by the Object-Oriented method. In order to enhance stability and expansibility, the system is divided to display layer, data layer, operation layer and storage layer. And it uses the interface to exchange data between these layers. The system data model is build based on Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database system. The applied software is programmed by Object-Oriented program language and ADO/OLE DB data accessing interface. At last, the system is implemented in the real example, and the practice of software in the example shows that the approaches of the paper are effective and practicable.
引文
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[2] Stuart Pugh. Total Design, Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 1990
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[6] Shean-Juinn Chiou, Sridhar Kota. Automated Conceptual Design of Mechanisms. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 1999.4
[7] Yan HongSen. A methodology for creative mechanism design. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 1992. 27(3)
[8] 邹慧君等,机构系统方案设计专家系统初探(一)(二).机械设计,1996.5-6
[9] 吴群波,王知行等,An EXPLOITATION OF THE EXPERT SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL DESIGN BASED ON VIRTUAL REALITY. CJME. 1999.2
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[17] 邹慧君.顾明敏.机械系统方案设计专家系统.初探(一)——知识库管理系统的建立机械设计,1996,(5):26～28.
[18] 邹慧君、顾明敏.机械系统方案设计专家系统初探(二)——推理系统的建立和应用.机械设计,1996,(6):12～14.
[19] 孔凡国,邹慧君.基于实例的机构创新设计理论于方法的研究.机构与电子,1996,(2):17～19.
[20] 邹慧君主编.机械运动方案设计手册.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1994
[21] 邹慧君主编.机械及其系统设计,现代机械设备设计手册.第8篇北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[22] 邹慧君编著.机构系统设计.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996.
[23] 毛权、肖人彬、周济.CBR中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究.计算机研究发展,1997,34(4):257～263
[24] 潘云鹤,耿卫东 面向智能CAD的分层构造自动型方法.软件学报,1996,7(5):280～285
[25] Feng P., Xu G., ZhangM. Feature modeling Based in DesignCatalogues for Principle Conceptual Design. A IEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 347～354
[26] 王小同、范立础.智能设计系统的IDS模型.模式识别与人工智能,1996,19(2):112～118
[27] 宋玉银等,概念设计与机构设计的信息集成技术研究.清华大学学报.1998.2
[28] 王小同,范立础.智能设计系统的IDS模型.模式识别与人工智能,1996.2
[29] BURGETT, S. R. SHAPE SYNTHESIS FOR ASSEMBLY CENTRIC DESIGN, Ph.D. Dissertation. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELY, 1996
[30] ZHANG, W. Etc. Generic mechanism model for use in a CIM environment for the development of mechanized production machines, CIRP Annals v42 No1 p135-138 1993.
[31] Jin, H. Knowledge-based engineering design, modeling and representation, Ph.D. Dissertation, LEHIGH University, 1998
[32] Dowlatshahi, Shad. Comparison of approaches to concurrent engineering. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, V9(2): 106-113, 1994
[33] Lin, A. etc. Computer-aided environment for concurrent design of products and assembly processes. Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C, CSME(Taipei). 1998.6
[34] G帕尔,w拜茨。工程设计学一学习与实践手册。第一版。北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[35] R,柯勒。机械设计方法学,第一版。北京:科学出版社,1990
[36] 檀润华,王庆禹,产品设计过程模型、策略与方法综述。机械设计。2000,(11).1-3.
[37] 韩泽光,王德伦,机械设计中功能概念与结构方案的集成,农机工程学报,2003
[38] 张展,姚振甫.实用机械传动设计手册,北京:科学出版社,1994
[39] 申永胜主编.机械原理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[40] 向文 钱小平等 基于特征的三维参数化造型 中国机械工程 1994年第5卷第4期
[41] 卜炎主编《实用轴承技术手册 北京:机械工出版社 P22表1-2-1
[42] 徐灏主编.机械设计手册·第1,2卷.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[43] 韩泽光 王德伦 机械传动方案设计的状态空间法 中国机械工程第15卷第11期2004年
[44] http://www.blog.edu.cn/user1/20989/archives/2005/251506.shtml
[45] 耿素云.集合论与图论,北京:北京大学出版社,1998:1～34
[46] 王三民.机械原理与设计课程设计,西北工业大学,机械工业出版社
[47] 王国荣.Visual Basic 6.0数据库程序设计.第一版 北京:人民邮电出版社,1999年
[48] 杨继平,吴华.SOL Server 2000自学教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[49] http://member.netease.com/~maqianli/vc/Document/D_164.htm
[2] Stuart Pugh. Total Design, Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 1990
[3] Welch, R. V. Conceptual design of Mechanical systems: A Representation and Computational Model, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, 1992 [4] 徐滨士,欧忠文,马世宁等.纳米表面工程.中国机械工程,2000,11(6):707-712.
[4] Koller R. Erfinden technischer produkte und patentrecht aussicht der konstruktionswissenschaft. Konstruktion. 1996,48(6)
[5] Sell I. Entscheidungsmodelle zur bewertung und auswahl von produktaltemativen. Konstruktion. 1998,5
[6] Shean-Juinn Chiou, Sridhar Kota. Automated Conceptual Design of Mechanisms. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 1999.4
[7] Yan HongSen. A methodology for creative mechanism design. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 1992. 27(3)
[8] 邹慧君等,机构系统方案设计专家系统初探(一)(二).机械设计,1996.5-6
[9] 吴群波,王知行等,An EXPLOITATION OF THE EXPERT SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL DESIGN BASED ON VIRTUAL REALITY. CJME. 1999.2
[10] Rosenthall E M, ed. Proceedings of the fifth Canadian Mathematical Congress, Univ. of Montreal, 1961. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr., 1963: 23-29
[11] 黄蕴慧.国际矿物学研究的动向.见:程裕淇编.世界地质科技发展动向.北京:地质出版社,1982:38-39.
[12] Sturges R. H., O' Shaughnessy K., KilaniM. J. Computational Model foe Conceptual Design Based in Extended Function Log2ic. A IEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 255～274
[13] Qian L., Gero J. S. Function2belavio r2structure Paths and their Role in Analogy2based Design. A IEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 289～312
[14] Umeda Y., Ishii M., etc. Supporting Conceptual Design Basedon the Function2behavio r2state Modular. A IEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 275～288
[15] Li C. L., Tan S. T., Chen K. W. A Qualitative and Heuristic Approach to the Conceptual Design of Mechanisms. Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, 1996, 9(1): 17～31
[16] 吴正洪、邹慧君.机械设计中机构选型初探.机械设计与研究,1989,(4)
[17] 邹慧君.顾明敏.机械系统方案设计专家系统.初探(一)——知识库管理系统的建立机械设计,1996,(5):26～28.
[18] 邹慧君、顾明敏.机械系统方案设计专家系统初探(二)——推理系统的建立和应用.机械设计,1996,(6):12～14.
[19] 孔凡国,邹慧君.基于实例的机构创新设计理论于方法的研究.机构与电子,1996,(2):17～19.
[20] 邹慧君主编.机械运动方案设计手册.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1994
[21] 邹慧君主编.机械及其系统设计,现代机械设备设计手册.第8篇北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[22] 邹慧君编著.机构系统设计.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996.
[23] 毛权、肖人彬、周济.CBR中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究.计算机研究发展,1997,34(4):257～263
[24] 潘云鹤,耿卫东 面向智能CAD的分层构造自动型方法.软件学报,1996,7(5):280～285
[25] Feng P., Xu G., ZhangM. Feature modeling Based in DesignCatalogues for Principle Conceptual Design. A IEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 347～354
[26] 王小同、范立础.智能设计系统的IDS模型.模式识别与人工智能,1996,19(2):112～118
[27] 宋玉银等,概念设计与机构设计的信息集成技术研究.清华大学学报.1998.2
[28] 王小同,范立础.智能设计系统的IDS模型.模式识别与人工智能,1996.2
[29] BURGETT, S. R. SHAPE SYNTHESIS FOR ASSEMBLY CENTRIC DESIGN, Ph.D. Dissertation. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELY, 1996
[30] ZHANG, W. Etc. Generic mechanism model for use in a CIM environment for the development of mechanized production machines, CIRP Annals v42 No1 p135-138 1993.
[31] Jin, H. Knowledge-based engineering design, modeling and representation, Ph.D. Dissertation, LEHIGH University, 1998
[32] Dowlatshahi, Shad. Comparison of approaches to concurrent engineering. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, V9(2): 106-113, 1994
[33] Lin, A. etc. Computer-aided environment for concurrent design of products and assembly processes. Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C, CSME(Taipei). 1998.6
[34] G帕尔,w拜茨。工程设计学一学习与实践手册。第一版。北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[35] R,柯勒。机械设计方法学,第一版。北京:科学出版社,1990
[36] 檀润华,王庆禹,产品设计过程模型、策略与方法综述。机械设计。2000,(11).1-3.
[37] 韩泽光,王德伦,机械设计中功能概念与结构方案的集成,农机工程学报,2003
[38] 张展,姚振甫.实用机械传动设计手册,北京:科学出版社,1994
[39] 申永胜主编.机械原理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[40] 向文 钱小平等 基于特征的三维参数化造型 中国机械工程 1994年第5卷第4期
[41] 卜炎主编《实用轴承技术手册 北京:机械工出版社 P22表1-2-1
[42] 徐灏主编.机械设计手册·第1,2卷.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[43] 韩泽光 王德伦 机械传动方案设计的状态空间法 中国机械工程第15卷第11期2004年
[44] http://www.blog.edu.cn/user1/20989/archives/2005/251506.shtml
[45] 耿素云.集合论与图论,北京:北京大学出版社,1998:1～34
[46] 王三民.机械原理与设计课程设计,西北工业大学,机械工业出版社
[47] 王国荣.Visual Basic 6.0数据库程序设计.第一版 北京:人民邮电出版社,1999年
[48] 杨继平,吴华.SOL Server 2000自学教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[49] http://member.netease.com/~maqianli/vc/Document/D_164.htm
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