4112四气门柴油机进气流动及气道优化
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摘要
随着70年代能源危机的爆发,人们越来越重视发动机的经济性,而随着各国环保意识的日益增强,为了减少大气污染,发动机的排放性能获得越来越高的重视。由于四气门柴油机具有优越的动力性、经济性和排放性能,应而获得了广泛的应用。本文以4112四气门柴油机进排气系统中的进气道为主要研究对象,研究了该柴油机两进气道进气过程及缸内气体流动状况。本文对4112四气门柴油机进气道进行了实验研究和数值仿真。
本文首先根据逆向工程,利用三坐标测量机得到气道模型的点云图,使用三维工程设计软件Pro/Engineer建立了柴油机气道的三维实体模型。随着计算机技术的发展,计算流体动力学现已成为解决各种流体流动与传热问题的强有力工具,具有设计成本低、周期短的特点。本文用三维计算流体动力学软件AVL FIRE对该气道模型进行了不同气门升程情况下稳态流动的三维数值模拟计算,获得其内部的压力场、速度场等的详细分布,计算出各升程下的气体流量系数和涡流比,分析了双进气道在截面上的气流干涉情况,为气道设计和改进提供重要的理论依据。
气道稳流模拟试验是发动机产品开发和燃烧过程研究的重要组成部分,气道稳流模拟试验是用来模拟实际发动机的进气状况,评估发动机进排气系统的通流特性及进气道涡流形成能力,为发动机进排气系统的研究开发及燃烧过程研究提供重要的试验依据。本文对该4112四气门柴油机进行进气道定压差稳流实验,得到它各个不同升程(共5个升程)情况下的质量流量和动量矩流率,计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。结果表明,应用反向工程的方法获得气道三维实体模型是可行的,应用CFD软件做气道流动计算其精度是足够的。
最后,对全文工作进行了总结,指出了本文的一些不足之处,并对今后的研究工作进行展望。
With the outburst of the energy crisis in the seventies, people paid attention to the economy of the engine more and more, and the enhancement of the environmental consciousness of various countries day by day, in order to reduce the air pollution, the discharge performance of the engine obtains higher and higher attention. Four valves diesel engine obtains the widespread application because of superior dynamical performance, the efficiency and discharge performance. The main research object of the thesis is inlet port of 4112 four valves diesel intake and exhaust system, it studies the intake process in the double ports of the four valves diesel and the flow status in cylinder. The research performs the experimental study and the numerical simulation to the four valves diesel engine air intake.First according to the reverse engineering, cloud of points chart of intake model is obtained by three coordinate measurement machine, three dimensional model of the diesel engine air intake is established by means of software Pro/Engineer. As the development of computer technology, the computational fluid dynamics has become a powerful tool to the problem of fluid flow and heat transfer, it is low-cost, short cycle. Carry on stable flow three dimensional numerical computation at different valve lift with three dimensional computation hydrodynamics software AVL FIRE, obtained the detailed distribution of the pressure field, the velocity field and so on, calculate flow coefficient and swirl ratio at different lift, analyze the air stream interference on double intake ports in cross-section. Provide the important theory basis for diesel intake design and improvement.Steady flow simulation test product development and combustion engine is an important part of combustion engine product development and combustion process research. Steady flow simulation test is used to simulate actual engine intake status, evaluate the capacity of air flow of combustion engine intake and exhaust system and the form capacity of swirl ratio, it provide important test basis for the research and development on engine intake and exhaust system and for combustion process study. Carry on steady flow test with steady pressure difference, obtains the mass flow and
momentum rate. The numerical computed result and the steady flow test result of intake port are basically tallies. The result indicated that it is feasible to obtain intake port three dimensional model by means of reverse engineering method. Taking the CFD software to intake flow calculates its precision is enough.Finally, make a summary, point out some shortage, make a expectation to the next research work.
本文首先根据逆向工程,利用三坐标测量机得到气道模型的点云图,使用三维工程设计软件Pro/Engineer建立了柴油机气道的三维实体模型。随着计算机技术的发展,计算流体动力学现已成为解决各种流体流动与传热问题的强有力工具,具有设计成本低、周期短的特点。本文用三维计算流体动力学软件AVL FIRE对该气道模型进行了不同气门升程情况下稳态流动的三维数值模拟计算,获得其内部的压力场、速度场等的详细分布,计算出各升程下的气体流量系数和涡流比,分析了双进气道在截面上的气流干涉情况,为气道设计和改进提供重要的理论依据。
气道稳流模拟试验是发动机产品开发和燃烧过程研究的重要组成部分,气道稳流模拟试验是用来模拟实际发动机的进气状况,评估发动机进排气系统的通流特性及进气道涡流形成能力,为发动机进排气系统的研究开发及燃烧过程研究提供重要的试验依据。本文对该4112四气门柴油机进行进气道定压差稳流实验,得到它各个不同升程(共5个升程)情况下的质量流量和动量矩流率,计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。结果表明,应用反向工程的方法获得气道三维实体模型是可行的,应用CFD软件做气道流动计算其精度是足够的。
最后,对全文工作进行了总结,指出了本文的一些不足之处,并对今后的研究工作进行展望。
With the outburst of the energy crisis in the seventies, people paid attention to the economy of the engine more and more, and the enhancement of the environmental consciousness of various countries day by day, in order to reduce the air pollution, the discharge performance of the engine obtains higher and higher attention. Four valves diesel engine obtains the widespread application because of superior dynamical performance, the efficiency and discharge performance. The main research object of the thesis is inlet port of 4112 four valves diesel intake and exhaust system, it studies the intake process in the double ports of the four valves diesel and the flow status in cylinder. The research performs the experimental study and the numerical simulation to the four valves diesel engine air intake.First according to the reverse engineering, cloud of points chart of intake model is obtained by three coordinate measurement machine, three dimensional model of the diesel engine air intake is established by means of software Pro/Engineer. As the development of computer technology, the computational fluid dynamics has become a powerful tool to the problem of fluid flow and heat transfer, it is low-cost, short cycle. Carry on stable flow three dimensional numerical computation at different valve lift with three dimensional computation hydrodynamics software AVL FIRE, obtained the detailed distribution of the pressure field, the velocity field and so on, calculate flow coefficient and swirl ratio at different lift, analyze the air stream interference on double intake ports in cross-section. Provide the important theory basis for diesel intake design and improvement.Steady flow simulation test product development and combustion engine is an important part of combustion engine product development and combustion process research. Steady flow simulation test is used to simulate actual engine intake status, evaluate the capacity of air flow of combustion engine intake and exhaust system and the form capacity of swirl ratio, it provide important test basis for the research and development on engine intake and exhaust system and for combustion process study. Carry on steady flow test with steady pressure difference, obtains the mass flow and
momentum rate. The numerical computed result and the steady flow test result of intake port are basically tallies. The result indicated that it is feasible to obtain intake port three dimensional model by means of reverse engineering method. Taking the CFD software to intake flow calculates its precision is enough.Finally, make a summary, point out some shortage, make a expectation to the next research work.
引文
[1] 周龙宝等.内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[2] 高孝洪.内燃机工作过程数值计算.北京:国防工业出版社,1986
[3] 蒋德明.内燃机燃烧与排放学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[4] 顾宏中.内燃机中的气体流动及其数值分析.北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[5] P.J.罗奇.计算流体动力学.北京:科学出版社,1983
[6] R.J.本森.内燃机的热力学和空气动力学卷1.北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[7] J.H.郝洛克,D.E.温特伯恩.内燃机的热力学和空气动力学卷2.机械工业出版社,1982
[8] 黄贤斌,汪宜家.6DS-18A型柴油机进排气道改进设计与实验研究.柴油机,1995.1
[9] Jamal Mohammed saleh编.流体流动手册.北京:中国石化出版社,2004
[10] 章本照,印建安,张宏基.流体力学数值方法.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[11] 刘福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[12] 杜家益,潭伟等.S195柴油机燃烧室内流场模拟计算及验证对比研究.江苏理工大学学报,1996.1
[13] 周廷美,吕俊成,莫易敏.发动机气门的动力学及温度场三维数值模拟.内燃机,2004.12
[14] 大石行纪,渡边庆人.计算流体力学(CFD)在产品研究和开发中的应用.油泵油嘴技术,1995.4
[15] 王建平.计算流体动力学CFD及其在工程中的应用.机电设备,1994.5
[16] 王志,黄荣华等.基于CAD/CAM/CFD的发动机气道研究.内燃机工程,2003.3
[17] 赵长禄,周磊,岳玉嵩等.通过进气道优化改进柴油机的性能.内燃机学报,2003.4
[18] 曹暑林,黄荣华.四气门柴油机进气道的三维实体造型及流场数值模拟.内燃机工程,2004.12
[19] 范士杰.汽车空气动力学的计算机仿真方法.汽车技术,1996.4
[20] 金龙,王鑫泽,翟永辉.CA6DL柴油机四气门缸盖进气道的开发.现代车用动力,2004.12
[21] 黄贤斌,汪宜家.6DS-18A型柴油机进排气道改进设计与实验研究.柴油机,1995.1
[22] 吴志军,黄震,孙济美.四气门直喷式柴油机两进气道相互干扰的实验研究.内燃机学报,2001.6
[23] 纪常伟,张有才,赵勇.SOFIM柴油机进气管性能测试和实验优化.车辆与动力技术,2002.3
[24] 周磊,赵长禄,张世鹰.柴油机进气道三维仿真及优化.车辆与动力技术,2004.2
[25] 吴志军,李军,孙济美.柴油机气道稳流实验的测量方法.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001-31(1)
[26] 吴志军,黄霞.柴油机气道实验中缸内涡流转速的测量方法.汽车工程,2000.5
[27 吴志军等.柴油机进气道转缸实验新方法.柴油机,2001_3
[28] 吴志军等.进气道布置对四气门柴油机进气门口三维流场的影响.内燃机学报,2001.19(5)
[29] Tippelmann G. A New Method of Investigation of Swirl Ports. SAE Paper 770404,1977
[30] Uzkan T, Brognakke C, Morel T. Characterization of Flow Produced by a High-Swirl Inlet Port. SAE Paper 830266, 1983
[31] 吴志军等.进气道偏置对四气门柴油机进气门口三维流场的影响.吉林大学学报,2001.1
[32] 刘伯棠.内燃机进排气系统流动计算的分形耦合贴体网格的设计.车用发动机,1997.2
[33] 许俊峰等.四气门柴油机缸内流场的LDA实验研究.内燃机学报,2002.20(6)
[34] 陈秀梅等.四气门柴油机的技术发展.重型汽车,1997.41
[35] 王樵,马朝臣,施新.应用三维CFD计算发动机进气门流量系数.车用发动机,2002.6
[36] 陈勇钢等.四气门柴油机进气道开发中CAD/CFD的应用.南昌大学学报工科版,2004.26(2)
[37] 李君等.四气门柴油机进气流场的测量.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001.31(3)
[38] 吴志军等.四气门柴油机进气道性能的实验研究.农业机械学报,2001.32(2)
[39] 梅得清等.四气门柴油机进气道流通特性的研究.江苏理工大学学报自然科学版,1999.20(4)
[40] 吴志军等.四气门柴油机进气道流动特性的实验研究.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,1999.1
[41] 李隆键等.四气门发动机进气流动特性的数值建模.热科学与技术,2004.3(3)
[42] 邵玉平.四气门柴油机进气口及缸内空气运动的研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林工业大学,1997
[43] 吴志军等.四气门柴油机两进气道的相互干扰——对缸内涡流的影响.上海交通大学学报,2001.35(5)
[44] Franz J Laimbock, Gerhard Meister. CFD Application in Compact Engine Development. SAE Transactions, 1998
[45] Jun-ichi Kawashima, Hiroshi Ogawa. Research on a Variable Swirl Intake Port for 4-Valve High-SpeedEngines. SAE982680, 1998
[46] Nigel F Gale. Diesel engine cylinder head design: the compromises and the techniques. SAE Paper 900133
[47] Aoyagi Y, Yokota H, Sugihara H.四气门直喷式柴油机的涡流形成过程.SAE Paper945011
[48] Herrmann H O, Durnholz M. Development of a DI—diesel engine with four valves for passenger cars. SAE Paper950808
[49] WUNSCHE P.4气门高速直喷式柴油机的设计方法.国外内燃机,1996
[50] AOYAGI Y.4气门直喷式柴油机涡流的形成过程.国外内燃机,1996
[51] 孙济美等.发动机模型进气道内流场的模拟和实验研究.内燃机学报,1989.2
[52] Aita S. et al. Numerical Simulation of Swirling Port-Valve-Cylinder Flow in Diesel Engines. SAEPaper 910263, 1991
[53] William T. et al. Advanced Computational Methods for Predicting Flow Losses in Intake Regions of Diesel Engines. SAE Paper 970639, 1997
[54] Jun-ichi Kawashima. Research on a Variable Swirl Intake Port for 4-valve High-speed DI Diesel Engines. SAE Paper 982680, 1998
[55] Jesus Benajes et al. Three Dimensional Calculation of the Flow in a DI Diesel Engine with Variable Swirl Intake Ports. SAE Paper 2001-01-3230, 2001
[2] 高孝洪.内燃机工作过程数值计算.北京:国防工业出版社,1986
[3] 蒋德明.内燃机燃烧与排放学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[4] 顾宏中.内燃机中的气体流动及其数值分析.北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[5] P.J.罗奇.计算流体动力学.北京:科学出版社,1983
[6] R.J.本森.内燃机的热力学和空气动力学卷1.北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[7] J.H.郝洛克,D.E.温特伯恩.内燃机的热力学和空气动力学卷2.机械工业出版社,1982
[8] 黄贤斌,汪宜家.6DS-18A型柴油机进排气道改进设计与实验研究.柴油机,1995.1
[9] Jamal Mohammed saleh编.流体流动手册.北京:中国石化出版社,2004
[10] 章本照,印建安,张宏基.流体力学数值方法.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[11] 刘福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[12] 杜家益,潭伟等.S195柴油机燃烧室内流场模拟计算及验证对比研究.江苏理工大学学报,1996.1
[13] 周廷美,吕俊成,莫易敏.发动机气门的动力学及温度场三维数值模拟.内燃机,2004.12
[14] 大石行纪,渡边庆人.计算流体力学(CFD)在产品研究和开发中的应用.油泵油嘴技术,1995.4
[15] 王建平.计算流体动力学CFD及其在工程中的应用.机电设备,1994.5
[16] 王志,黄荣华等.基于CAD/CAM/CFD的发动机气道研究.内燃机工程,2003.3
[17] 赵长禄,周磊,岳玉嵩等.通过进气道优化改进柴油机的性能.内燃机学报,2003.4
[18] 曹暑林,黄荣华.四气门柴油机进气道的三维实体造型及流场数值模拟.内燃机工程,2004.12
[19] 范士杰.汽车空气动力学的计算机仿真方法.汽车技术,1996.4
[20] 金龙,王鑫泽,翟永辉.CA6DL柴油机四气门缸盖进气道的开发.现代车用动力,2004.12
[21] 黄贤斌,汪宜家.6DS-18A型柴油机进排气道改进设计与实验研究.柴油机,1995.1
[22] 吴志军,黄震,孙济美.四气门直喷式柴油机两进气道相互干扰的实验研究.内燃机学报,2001.6
[23] 纪常伟,张有才,赵勇.SOFIM柴油机进气管性能测试和实验优化.车辆与动力技术,2002.3
[24] 周磊,赵长禄,张世鹰.柴油机进气道三维仿真及优化.车辆与动力技术,2004.2
[25] 吴志军,李军,孙济美.柴油机气道稳流实验的测量方法.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001-31(1)
[26] 吴志军,黄霞.柴油机气道实验中缸内涡流转速的测量方法.汽车工程,2000.5
[27 吴志军等.柴油机进气道转缸实验新方法.柴油机,2001_3
[28] 吴志军等.进气道布置对四气门柴油机进气门口三维流场的影响.内燃机学报,2001.19(5)
[29] Tippelmann G. A New Method of Investigation of Swirl Ports. SAE Paper 770404,1977
[30] Uzkan T, Brognakke C, Morel T. Characterization of Flow Produced by a High-Swirl Inlet Port. SAE Paper 830266, 1983
[31] 吴志军等.进气道偏置对四气门柴油机进气门口三维流场的影响.吉林大学学报,2001.1
[32] 刘伯棠.内燃机进排气系统流动计算的分形耦合贴体网格的设计.车用发动机,1997.2
[33] 许俊峰等.四气门柴油机缸内流场的LDA实验研究.内燃机学报,2002.20(6)
[34] 陈秀梅等.四气门柴油机的技术发展.重型汽车,1997.41
[35] 王樵,马朝臣,施新.应用三维CFD计算发动机进气门流量系数.车用发动机,2002.6
[36] 陈勇钢等.四气门柴油机进气道开发中CAD/CFD的应用.南昌大学学报工科版,2004.26(2)
[37] 李君等.四气门柴油机进气流场的测量.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001.31(3)
[38] 吴志军等.四气门柴油机进气道性能的实验研究.农业机械学报,2001.32(2)
[39] 梅得清等.四气门柴油机进气道流通特性的研究.江苏理工大学学报自然科学版,1999.20(4)
[40] 吴志军等.四气门柴油机进气道流动特性的实验研究.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,1999.1
[41] 李隆键等.四气门发动机进气流动特性的数值建模.热科学与技术,2004.3(3)
[42] 邵玉平.四气门柴油机进气口及缸内空气运动的研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林工业大学,1997
[43] 吴志军等.四气门柴油机两进气道的相互干扰——对缸内涡流的影响.上海交通大学学报,2001.35(5)
[44] Franz J Laimbock, Gerhard Meister. CFD Application in Compact Engine Development. SAE Transactions, 1998
[45] Jun-ichi Kawashima, Hiroshi Ogawa. Research on a Variable Swirl Intake Port for 4-Valve High-SpeedEngines. SAE982680, 1998
[46] Nigel F Gale. Diesel engine cylinder head design: the compromises and the techniques. SAE Paper 900133
[47] Aoyagi Y, Yokota H, Sugihara H.四气门直喷式柴油机的涡流形成过程.SAE Paper945011
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