基于虚拟仪器的混合动力电动车车载数据采集分析系统的研制
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摘要
虚拟仪器是现代计算机技术、仪器技术及其它新技术完美结合的产物,是在通用计算机平台上,用户利用一些基本硬件和软件编程技术,根据需求定义和设计的具有测量功能的仪器系统。
混合动力电动汽车(HEV)作为一种改善车辆的燃油经济性和排放性能的最佳解决方案,逐渐成为21世纪汽车工业发展的战略重点,它的出现促进了电动车的能源技术和控制策略与手段的发展。本课题应用虚拟仪器技术,根据混合动力电动车的特点,研制开发了一套混合动力电动车车载数据采集分析系统。本系统的信号来源有两个,一是从外接的传感器和二次仪表获取信号,二是从客车CAN总线获取发动机、电机等的动态信号。
本车载数据采集分析系统的硬件部分是以美国国家仪器公司(NationalInstrument)NI FP-2010为核心处理硬件,配以外围数据采集模块,信号调理电路和传感器,CAN信号的采集是通过TI LF2407A DSP系统的CAN模块来完成的,所有采集到的数据都保存在FP的64M存储器中,在特定状态下,作监测和分析统计时也可将统计结果保存在PC机中。
系统软件的编写采用了当前开发虚拟仪器最流行的图形化编程语言LabVIEW和嵌入式系统开发中广泛应用的C语言。从CAN总线采集到的数据信号经DSP芯片处理后,以串口通信方式经RS232传送给FP-2010模块,在DSP端用C语言实现串口发送程序,FP端用LabVIEW实现串口接收程序。本系统采用上位机和下位机通讯的方式实现运行参数的实时显示,上位机即笔记本电脑,下位机即FP-2010,笔记本电脑和FP-2010采用TCP技术来实现网络通信。在下位机的采集程序中又采用了Real-Time FIFO VIs来实现VIs之间的数据传送和共享。
本系统能脱离上位机完成数据的采集、存储功能,在上位机可实现数据的显示、统计、特定时间段的数据分析与统计等功能。
在混合动力公交车上使用的结果表明,该系统工作性能稳定,抗干扰能力较好,测量精度和采样频率较高,界面友好,用户操作方便,充分体现了虚拟仪器的优点,对于研究开发混合动力电动车具有较高的应用价值。
Virtual instrument (VI) is the product of modern computer technique, instrument technique and other new technique. The users can define and design their VIs which have functions of measuring according to the specific demand with the help of computer, basic hardwares and programming technologies.Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a good compromising solution to fuel economic and exhaust of the vehicle, and is becoming the strategic point of auto industry in 21th century. It can not only improve the economics and emission of vehicle, but also promote the development of energy technology, control strategy and means of control. In this thesis, an on-board running data acquisition and analysis system based on virtual instrument is developed according to the characteristics of HEV. The system has two sources of signals, one is the signals from sensors and secondary instruments and the other is the running data of engine and motor from the CAN interface.The core processing hardware of the system, NI-FP-2010 of America National Instrument company, combined with the I/O modules, signal processing unit and sensors. And CAN receive unit on TI LF2407A DSP system accomplish acquisition of CAN messages. All the data will be saved in a 64M memorizer of FP-2010. We can also saved the data in PC when we have a statistics and analysis on the acquired data online.The software of this system is accomplished with the most popular graphic language Lab View and C. The data acquired from CAN bus is processed in DSP system and transmitted to FP-2010 through RS232. And the sending program running in DSP is wrote with C language, the receiving program running in FP-2010 is wrote with Lab VIEW. The system bring forward the communication scheme of upper layer and bottom layer. The upper layer is in charge of Real-time display of running data and bottom layer is in charge of acquiring and storing of running data. The two layers communicate through ethernet network with TCP technology. The Real-Time FIFO VIs are used to share and transmit data between programs running in bottom layer.The system can carry out the function of acquisition and storage of running data without upper layer. Combined with upper layer, we can also achieve real-time display, statistic, calculating of acquired data online at a given time.
The system shows characters of stability, good anti-jamming, high precision and sampling frequency in the application to hybrid electric bus data acquisition. It also has a friendly user interface and convenience of operation. Embodying the advantage of virtual instrument it will facilitate to the research and development of HEV with all these merits.
混合动力电动汽车(HEV)作为一种改善车辆的燃油经济性和排放性能的最佳解决方案,逐渐成为21世纪汽车工业发展的战略重点,它的出现促进了电动车的能源技术和控制策略与手段的发展。本课题应用虚拟仪器技术,根据混合动力电动车的特点,研制开发了一套混合动力电动车车载数据采集分析系统。本系统的信号来源有两个,一是从外接的传感器和二次仪表获取信号,二是从客车CAN总线获取发动机、电机等的动态信号。
本车载数据采集分析系统的硬件部分是以美国国家仪器公司(NationalInstrument)NI FP-2010为核心处理硬件,配以外围数据采集模块,信号调理电路和传感器,CAN信号的采集是通过TI LF2407A DSP系统的CAN模块来完成的,所有采集到的数据都保存在FP的64M存储器中,在特定状态下,作监测和分析统计时也可将统计结果保存在PC机中。
系统软件的编写采用了当前开发虚拟仪器最流行的图形化编程语言LabVIEW和嵌入式系统开发中广泛应用的C语言。从CAN总线采集到的数据信号经DSP芯片处理后,以串口通信方式经RS232传送给FP-2010模块,在DSP端用C语言实现串口发送程序,FP端用LabVIEW实现串口接收程序。本系统采用上位机和下位机通讯的方式实现运行参数的实时显示,上位机即笔记本电脑,下位机即FP-2010,笔记本电脑和FP-2010采用TCP技术来实现网络通信。在下位机的采集程序中又采用了Real-Time FIFO VIs来实现VIs之间的数据传送和共享。
本系统能脱离上位机完成数据的采集、存储功能,在上位机可实现数据的显示、统计、特定时间段的数据分析与统计等功能。
在混合动力公交车上使用的结果表明,该系统工作性能稳定,抗干扰能力较好,测量精度和采样频率较高,界面友好,用户操作方便,充分体现了虚拟仪器的优点,对于研究开发混合动力电动车具有较高的应用价值。
Virtual instrument (VI) is the product of modern computer technique, instrument technique and other new technique. The users can define and design their VIs which have functions of measuring according to the specific demand with the help of computer, basic hardwares and programming technologies.Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a good compromising solution to fuel economic and exhaust of the vehicle, and is becoming the strategic point of auto industry in 21th century. It can not only improve the economics and emission of vehicle, but also promote the development of energy technology, control strategy and means of control. In this thesis, an on-board running data acquisition and analysis system based on virtual instrument is developed according to the characteristics of HEV. The system has two sources of signals, one is the signals from sensors and secondary instruments and the other is the running data of engine and motor from the CAN interface.The core processing hardware of the system, NI-FP-2010 of America National Instrument company, combined with the I/O modules, signal processing unit and sensors. And CAN receive unit on TI LF2407A DSP system accomplish acquisition of CAN messages. All the data will be saved in a 64M memorizer of FP-2010. We can also saved the data in PC when we have a statistics and analysis on the acquired data online.The software of this system is accomplished with the most popular graphic language Lab View and C. The data acquired from CAN bus is processed in DSP system and transmitted to FP-2010 through RS232. And the sending program running in DSP is wrote with C language, the receiving program running in FP-2010 is wrote with Lab VIEW. The system bring forward the communication scheme of upper layer and bottom layer. The upper layer is in charge of Real-time display of running data and bottom layer is in charge of acquiring and storing of running data. The two layers communicate through ethernet network with TCP technology. The Real-Time FIFO VIs are used to share and transmit data between programs running in bottom layer.The system can carry out the function of acquisition and storage of running data without upper layer. Combined with upper layer, we can also achieve real-time display, statistic, calculating of acquired data online at a given time.
The system shows characters of stability, good anti-jamming, high precision and sampling frequency in the application to hybrid electric bus data acquisition. It also has a friendly user interface and convenience of operation. Embodying the advantage of virtual instrument it will facilitate to the research and development of HEV with all these merits.
引文
[1] 曹正策.混合动力电动公交车动力系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2003
[2] 宗扬.串联式混合动力电动公交车数据采集系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2004
[3] 赵世科.串联式混合动力电动汽车经济性研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2004
[4] 方伟新.混合动力电动汽车运行参数记录分析系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2005
[5] 杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[6] 邓焱.LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[7] 张易知,肖啸等.虚拟仪器的设计和实现.西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[8] 陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软件接口机制的研究和实现.仪器仪表学报.2001,(6):20
[9] 沈兰荪.数据采集技术.中国科技大学出版社.1990
[10] 吴道悌.非电量电测技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[11] 清源科技.TMS320LF240x DSP应用程序设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7
[12] 刘和平,王维俊,江渝.TMS320LF240xDSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[13] 江思敏.TMS320LF240x DSP硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.6
[14] 李捷.CAN总线在纯电动汽车中的应用:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学电气与自动化工程学院,2003
[15] 饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[16] 陈洁平,王耀南,徐华等.CAN总线技术在CFA6470型混合动力汽车中的应用 中国工控信息网
[17] 童焕文.自动控制系统中串行接口数据的自动发送与接收 船电技术 1995:4-5
[18] National Instruments. Real-Time Module User Manual. 2004.4
[19] 白中浩,曹立波等.LabVIEW开发汽车碰撞实验控制与数据采集系统.客车技术,2001
[20] 陈敏.一种基于C语言的虚拟仪器系统实现方法.宇航计测技术.2000,20(5):21～24
[21] SAE, SAE J1939-11. "Physical Layer, 250K bits/s, Twisted Shielded Pair". USA, SAE: 1994-12
[22] SAE, SAE J1939-21. "DATA LINK LAYER". USA, SAE: 1994-07
[23] SAE, SAE J1939-71. "(R) Vehicle Application Layer—J1939-71 (through 1999)". USA, SAE: 1994-08
[24] SAE, SAE J1939-31. "(R) NETWORK LAYER". USA, SAE: 1994-12
[25] 吴森,宗杨等.串联式混合动力城市公交车车载数据采集系统.武汉:武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2004.8
[26] 杨景常.高速数据采集系统中数据存储电路的方案确定.测控技术,2001.2-12
[27] 胡小平.汽车发动机在线监测系统的研究.武汉:武汉理工大学工学硕士学位论文,2001.11
[28] 舒红,秦大同,杨为.混合动力汽车动力传动系参数设计.农业机械学报,2002,1
[29] 王庆年,何洪文,李幼德,初亮.并联混合动力汽车传动系参数匹配.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2000,1
[30] 童毅,张俊智,欧阳明高.混合动力汽车扭矩管理策略.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,8
[31] 尹叶丹,程昌银,全书海.基于DSP的电子节气门控制器的研制 武汉理工大学学报 2003:25(5)
[32] Juergen Schulte, Paul B.Scott, and Kevin Stone. Hybrid-electric fuel cell bus test and demonstration. EVS19 Busan 2002
[33] R. Pusca, Y. Ait, Amirat, A. Berthon, J. M. Kauffmann. Advanced Control Applied to Hybrid Electrical Vehicle, EVS19 Busan 2002
[34] Dennis Doerffel, Suleiman Abu-Sharkh. Performance Evaluation of a Low Cost Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. EVS19 Busan 2002
[35] Tian Guangyu, Zhao Li-an, Han Xiaodong, Chen Ouanshi. Hybridization of Fuel Cell Power Train for City Bus. EVS19 Busan 2002
[36] Yuan Zhu, Yaobin Chen, and Ouanshi Chen. Analysis and Design of an Optimal Energy Management and Control System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. EVS19 Busan 2002
[37] Yusuke Horii, Jitsutaka Takeo, Yuta Susuki, Yoichiro Kono, Swen Ruppert, Eugen Holl. A Hybrid Electric Drive System for Low-Floor City Bus. EVS19 Busan 2002
[38] SAE, SAE J1939. "Recommended Practice for Control and Communications Network". USA, SAE: 2000-04
[39] Atsushi Shibutani Shuuji Kato Toshiaki Kaku. Development of Motor Assist System for Hybrid Four-door Sedan. EVS19 Busan 2002
[40] Juan W. Dixon, Micah Ortuzar and Felipe Rios. Traction Drive System for Electric Vehicles, Using Multilevel Converters. EVS19 Busan 2002
[2] 宗扬.串联式混合动力电动公交车数据采集系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2004
[3] 赵世科.串联式混合动力电动汽车经济性研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2004
[4] 方伟新.混合动力电动汽车运行参数记录分析系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,2005
[5] 杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[6] 邓焱.LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[7] 张易知,肖啸等.虚拟仪器的设计和实现.西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[8] 陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软件接口机制的研究和实现.仪器仪表学报.2001,(6):20
[9] 沈兰荪.数据采集技术.中国科技大学出版社.1990
[10] 吴道悌.非电量电测技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[11] 清源科技.TMS320LF240x DSP应用程序设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7
[12] 刘和平,王维俊,江渝.TMS320LF240xDSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[13] 江思敏.TMS320LF240x DSP硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.6
[14] 李捷.CAN总线在纯电动汽车中的应用:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学电气与自动化工程学院,2003
[15] 饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[16] 陈洁平,王耀南,徐华等.CAN总线技术在CFA6470型混合动力汽车中的应用 中国工控信息网
[17] 童焕文.自动控制系统中串行接口数据的自动发送与接收 船电技术 1995:4-5
[18] National Instruments. Real-Time Module User Manual. 2004.4
[19] 白中浩,曹立波等.LabVIEW开发汽车碰撞实验控制与数据采集系统.客车技术,2001
[20] 陈敏.一种基于C语言的虚拟仪器系统实现方法.宇航计测技术.2000,20(5):21～24
[21] SAE, SAE J1939-11. "Physical Layer, 250K bits/s, Twisted Shielded Pair". USA, SAE: 1994-12
[22] SAE, SAE J1939-21. "DATA LINK LAYER". USA, SAE: 1994-07
[23] SAE, SAE J1939-71. "(R) Vehicle Application Layer—J1939-71 (through 1999)". USA, SAE: 1994-08
[24] SAE, SAE J1939-31. "(R) NETWORK LAYER". USA, SAE: 1994-12
[25] 吴森,宗杨等.串联式混合动力城市公交车车载数据采集系统.武汉:武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2004.8
[26] 杨景常.高速数据采集系统中数据存储电路的方案确定.测控技术,2001.2-12
[27] 胡小平.汽车发动机在线监测系统的研究.武汉:武汉理工大学工学硕士学位论文,2001.11
[28] 舒红,秦大同,杨为.混合动力汽车动力传动系参数设计.农业机械学报,2002,1
[29] 王庆年,何洪文,李幼德,初亮.并联混合动力汽车传动系参数匹配.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2000,1
[30] 童毅,张俊智,欧阳明高.混合动力汽车扭矩管理策略.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,8
[31] 尹叶丹,程昌银,全书海.基于DSP的电子节气门控制器的研制 武汉理工大学学报 2003:25(5)
[32] Juergen Schulte, Paul B.Scott, and Kevin Stone. Hybrid-electric fuel cell bus test and demonstration. EVS19 Busan 2002
[33] R. Pusca, Y. Ait, Amirat, A. Berthon, J. M. Kauffmann. Advanced Control Applied to Hybrid Electrical Vehicle, EVS19 Busan 2002
[34] Dennis Doerffel, Suleiman Abu-Sharkh. Performance Evaluation of a Low Cost Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. EVS19 Busan 2002
[35] Tian Guangyu, Zhao Li-an, Han Xiaodong, Chen Ouanshi. Hybridization of Fuel Cell Power Train for City Bus. EVS19 Busan 2002
[36] Yuan Zhu, Yaobin Chen, and Ouanshi Chen. Analysis and Design of an Optimal Energy Management and Control System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. EVS19 Busan 2002
[37] Yusuke Horii, Jitsutaka Takeo, Yuta Susuki, Yoichiro Kono, Swen Ruppert, Eugen Holl. A Hybrid Electric Drive System for Low-Floor City Bus. EVS19 Busan 2002
[38] SAE, SAE J1939. "Recommended Practice for Control and Communications Network". USA, SAE: 2000-04
[39] Atsushi Shibutani Shuuji Kato Toshiaki Kaku. Development of Motor Assist System for Hybrid Four-door Sedan. EVS19 Busan 2002
[40] Juan W. Dixon, Micah Ortuzar and Felipe Rios. Traction Drive System for Electric Vehicles, Using Multilevel Converters. EVS19 Busan 2002
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