交叉偶极横波测井高分辨率处理方法研究
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摘要
随着油气勘探和开发程度逐渐入深,迫切需要解决薄层划分和厚层细分问题,重新评价老井测井资料,寻找漏失掉的油气层。因此,有必要进行测井曲线的高分辨率处理,以提高薄层解释精度。
交叉偶极子阵列声波测井是目前各油田已推广使用的测井项目,现有的处理方法追求时差计算的精度,忽视了时差的纵向分辨率。另外,目前常规声波时差曲线的高分辨率处理方法虽然取得了一定的实际效果,但其建模困难,实际应用效果还不十分令人满意。
本文针对目前声波测井高分辨率处理中的实际情况,基于地球物理方法学和数字信号处理学理论,提出了最大熵与互功率谱相位法结合多炮点的处理方法。最大熵与互功率谱相位法就是首先求出组分波的波至点。对于偶极波形采用波形长短时窗能量比值与波形信号能量包络的平方乘积检测横波波至。用相关对比法粗略求取两个接收器时差,然后用最大熵谱估计法求出远近波形的主频值,取其二者均值作为该组分波的主频,用互功率谱法求得相位差做剩余时差校正,从而获得最短子阵列(0.152 米)时差值。最后,将跨同一深度地层的所有最短共发射子阵列和共接收子阵列时差值平均,获得最终高分辨率处理声波时差值。
应用该方法处理大庆地区实际测井资料,并将其处理的结果与eXpress 系统处理的结果对比,表明该方法具有较高的纵向分辨率,同时也保证了时差的计算精度。
With the gradual development of exploration and exploitation for oil and gas, it is pressing solving the problem of distinguishing thin bed, reevaluating old well logs and seeking neglected oil beds. Therefore, well log must be high resolution processed so as to enhance the accuracy of evaluating thin bed.
Cross-dipole array acoustic logging has been applied widely by oil fields at present. Existing array waveforms processing techniques pursue accuracy of each wave component’s slowness calculated, while neglect its vertical resolution. In addition, Since it is difficult to build model, the applied effect of existing high resolution processing methods for conventional sonic log is not completely satisfactory though it has acquired some effects.
Based on the theory of geophysics and digital signals processing, the high resolution processing method of maximum entropy and cross power spectrum phase combined with multiple-shot method has been presented for the wavesonic well logging. The arrival of components must been picked for the method of maximum entropy and cross power spectrum phase. For the dipole waveform, it calculates the product of multiplying energy ratio between the long window and the short window by the square of the amplitude envelope of waveforms to pick the S-Wave arrival. First, it calculates the slowness between the near recerver and the far recerver by using of the STC method. Then, it calculates the main frequencies of the near waveform and the far waveform by using of the maxium entropy method, and regards the average the main frequencies of the near waveform and the far waveform as the main frequency of the component, and using the surplus phase processed by use of cross power spectrum phase method compensates the slowness calculated by using of the STC method, also obtains the slowness of the shortest subarrays (0.152m). At last, it averages all the slowness of the same depth interval formation spanned by the shortest common-source subarrays and common-receiver subarrays and obtains the higher resolution slowness
Apply the technique to array acoustic logging data in Daqing Oil Field, and compare its results with the results precessed by express. It shows that the method has the higher resolution, also ensures the accuracy of the slowness.
交叉偶极子阵列声波测井是目前各油田已推广使用的测井项目,现有的处理方法追求时差计算的精度,忽视了时差的纵向分辨率。另外,目前常规声波时差曲线的高分辨率处理方法虽然取得了一定的实际效果,但其建模困难,实际应用效果还不十分令人满意。
本文针对目前声波测井高分辨率处理中的实际情况,基于地球物理方法学和数字信号处理学理论,提出了最大熵与互功率谱相位法结合多炮点的处理方法。最大熵与互功率谱相位法就是首先求出组分波的波至点。对于偶极波形采用波形长短时窗能量比值与波形信号能量包络的平方乘积检测横波波至。用相关对比法粗略求取两个接收器时差,然后用最大熵谱估计法求出远近波形的主频值,取其二者均值作为该组分波的主频,用互功率谱法求得相位差做剩余时差校正,从而获得最短子阵列(0.152 米)时差值。最后,将跨同一深度地层的所有最短共发射子阵列和共接收子阵列时差值平均,获得最终高分辨率处理声波时差值。
应用该方法处理大庆地区实际测井资料,并将其处理的结果与eXpress 系统处理的结果对比,表明该方法具有较高的纵向分辨率,同时也保证了时差的计算精度。
With the gradual development of exploration and exploitation for oil and gas, it is pressing solving the problem of distinguishing thin bed, reevaluating old well logs and seeking neglected oil beds. Therefore, well log must be high resolution processed so as to enhance the accuracy of evaluating thin bed.
Cross-dipole array acoustic logging has been applied widely by oil fields at present. Existing array waveforms processing techniques pursue accuracy of each wave component’s slowness calculated, while neglect its vertical resolution. In addition, Since it is difficult to build model, the applied effect of existing high resolution processing methods for conventional sonic log is not completely satisfactory though it has acquired some effects.
Based on the theory of geophysics and digital signals processing, the high resolution processing method of maximum entropy and cross power spectrum phase combined with multiple-shot method has been presented for the wavesonic well logging. The arrival of components must been picked for the method of maximum entropy and cross power spectrum phase. For the dipole waveform, it calculates the product of multiplying energy ratio between the long window and the short window by the square of the amplitude envelope of waveforms to pick the S-Wave arrival. First, it calculates the slowness between the near recerver and the far recerver by using of the STC method. Then, it calculates the main frequencies of the near waveform and the far waveform by using of the maxium entropy method, and regards the average the main frequencies of the near waveform and the far waveform as the main frequency of the component, and using the surplus phase processed by use of cross power spectrum phase method compensates the slowness calculated by using of the STC method, also obtains the slowness of the shortest subarrays (0.152m). At last, it averages all the slowness of the same depth interval formation spanned by the shortest common-source subarrays and common-receiver subarrays and obtains the higher resolution slowness
Apply the technique to array acoustic logging data in Daqing Oil Field, and compare its results with the results precessed by express. It shows that the method has the higher resolution, also ensures the accuracy of the slowness.
引文
1 Ingram J. D, Morris C. F, Macknight E. E, etal. . Direct Phase Determination of S-wave Velocities from Acoustic Waveform Logs. Geophysics, 1985, 50: 1746～1755
2 李长文等. 阵列声波测井资料的分波处理及应用. 测井技术,1997,21(1):1～8
3 胡文祥.声波测井资料弱初至波检测新方法.江汉石油学院学报, 1994,16(增):23～25
4 强琳等. 阵列声波全波列测井信号波至提取的小波变换方法. 石油物探,1997,36(2):56～61
5 V. Kimball and L. Marzetta. Semblance Processing of Borehole Acoustic Array Data. Geophysics Vol. 49,No.3(March 1984) P.274～281
6 Hsu K, Baggeroer AB. Application of the Maximum-likelihood Method(MLM) for Sonic Velocity Log-ging. Geophysics, 1986,51:780～787
7 C. F. Morris 著. 吴继余译. 声波波形处理的新进展. 国外测井技术,1988,3(3):21～34
8 朱留方,沈建国. 基于阵列声波测井波形二维谱分布的纵、横波时差处理方法. 测井技术,2004,28(5):373~377
9 乔文孝. 用插值法提高声波时差的计算精度. 测井技术,1997,21(2):125～128
10 李鹤升. 探讨声波时差的计算误差和计算速度. 测井技术,2001,25(3):189～194
11 陶春辉等. 用K-L 变换处理全波列声测井资料. 东海海洋,1996,14(3):8～12
12 陈遵德. 一种提取声波全波信息的新方法——奇异值分解法. 地球物理测井,1991,15(1):29～33
13 陶果等. 用模拟退火法计算偶极横波时差. 石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(1):96~98
14 Kai Hsu, Shu-Kong Chang. Multiple-shot Processing of Array Sonic Waveforms. Geophysics Vol. 52,No.10(October 1987) ;P.1376～1390
15 X. M. Tang et al. A Dispersive-wave Processing Technique for Estimating Formation Shear Velocity from Dipole and Stoneley Waveforms. Geophysics Vol. 60,No.1(January-February 1995) ; P.19～28
16 T. Zhang, X. M. Tang et al. Evaluation of Laminated Thin Beds in Formations Using High-resolution Acoustic Slowness Logs. SPWLA, 41st Ann. Log. Sym., June 4-7,2000,Paper 1～14
17 White, J. E.. The hula log A proposed acoustical tool. SPWLA 8th Annual logging Symposium Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. 1967
18 李占咸,杨建绥. 横波测井. 黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993
19 宋延杰,宋传星等. 慢速地层偶极横波测井横波初至检测新方法. 大庆石油学院学报,2005,2
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22 李鹏举. 声波测井资料高分辨率处理方法. 大庆石油学院硕士研究生学位论文. 2003
23 Mark. E. Willis. M. Nati Toksoz, 1983. Automatic P and S velocity determination from full waveform digital acoustic logs. Geophysics V.48 P.1631-1644
24 Jellry. Stevens and Steven M. Day, 1986. Shear velocity logging in slow formations using the stoneley wave.Geophysics V51 P.137-147
25 徐伯勋,白旭滨,赵静萱,最大熵谱估计,石油物探,1984 年第四期
26 郑於莹,伯格法最大熵谱分析,石油地球物理勘探,1982 年第四期
27 王宏禹,最大熵谱分析,通信学报,1982 年第一期
28 R. T. Lacoss, Data adaptive spectral analysis methods:Geophysis,V36,P.661-675
29 Lang Marple, A new autoregressive spectrum analysis algorithm:IEEE Jansactions on acoustic,V28,No.4,1980
30 James G. Berryman, 1987. Choice of operator length for maximum entropy spectral analysis:Geophysis ,V.43,P.1384-1391
31 Tad J. Ulrych, 1975. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and autoregressive decomposition:Revies of geophysics and space physics,V.13,No.1
32 S. J. Johnsen and N. Andessen, 1978. On power estimation in maximum entropy spectral analysis:Geophysics V.43,P.681-690
33 R. N. Mcdonough, 1974. Maximum entropy spatial processing of array data:Geophysics,V.39,P.843-851
34 S. L. Marple, Jr. 1982. Frequency resolution of Fourier and maximum entropy spectral estimates:Geophysics,V.47,P.1303-1307
35 N. Anderson, 1974. On the calculation of filter coefficients for maximum entropy spectral analysis:Geophysics ,V.39,P.69-72
36 John parker lurg, 1972. The relationship between maximum entropy spectra and maximum likelihood spectra:Geophysics,V.37,P.375-376
37 Chrislopher V. Rimball and Thomas L. Marzetta 1984. Semblance processing of borehole acoustic array data.Geophysics ,V.49,P.274-281
38 吴健平,张立. 地理数据线性回归中的稳健估计方法. 干旱区地理,1994,17(1):83～88
39 王旭高,朱正亚等. 横波测井的原理和方法研究. 地球物理学报. 1995,38(3):387～395
40 汪永明,余厚全等. 基于子波变换提取全波列声波测井信号波前的新方法. 信号处理. 1997,13(3):280～285
41 谢伟东,贺兴书,卢波. 极大熵功率谱估值器的设计和测试. 浙江工业大学学报. 1996,24(1):38～43
42 章成广等. 声波全波列测井波形频率滤波和分析. 江汉石油学院学报. 1999,21(4):23～28
43 邵高平. 声波时差智能化检测方法的实现. 信息工程学院学报. 1996,15(3):24～28
44 王霞等. 声波信号抛物线拟合与插值. 石油仪器. 2002,16(5):31～33
45 严波涛. 数据平滑的理论基础和方法. 西安体育学院学报. 1994,11(4):20～25
46 陶果,邹辉. 现代阵列声波测井数据处理和解释方法研究. 石油勘探与开发. 2000,27(2):76～78
47 王彤,何大卫. 线性回归中多个异常点的稳健诊断及医学应用. 中国卫生统计. 1998,15(5):1～4
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64 夏克文. 阵列声波测井仪及新的数据处理方法. 石油仪器. 1994,8(1):6～9
2 李长文等. 阵列声波测井资料的分波处理及应用. 测井技术,1997,21(1):1～8
3 胡文祥.声波测井资料弱初至波检测新方法.江汉石油学院学报, 1994,16(增):23～25
4 强琳等. 阵列声波全波列测井信号波至提取的小波变换方法. 石油物探,1997,36(2):56～61
5 V. Kimball and L. Marzetta. Semblance Processing of Borehole Acoustic Array Data. Geophysics Vol. 49,No.3(March 1984) P.274～281
6 Hsu K, Baggeroer AB. Application of the Maximum-likelihood Method(MLM) for Sonic Velocity Log-ging. Geophysics, 1986,51:780～787
7 C. F. Morris 著. 吴继余译. 声波波形处理的新进展. 国外测井技术,1988,3(3):21～34
8 朱留方,沈建国. 基于阵列声波测井波形二维谱分布的纵、横波时差处理方法. 测井技术,2004,28(5):373~377
9 乔文孝. 用插值法提高声波时差的计算精度. 测井技术,1997,21(2):125～128
10 李鹤升. 探讨声波时差的计算误差和计算速度. 测井技术,2001,25(3):189～194
11 陶春辉等. 用K-L 变换处理全波列声测井资料. 东海海洋,1996,14(3):8～12
12 陈遵德. 一种提取声波全波信息的新方法——奇异值分解法. 地球物理测井,1991,15(1):29～33
13 陶果等. 用模拟退火法计算偶极横波时差. 石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(1):96~98
14 Kai Hsu, Shu-Kong Chang. Multiple-shot Processing of Array Sonic Waveforms. Geophysics Vol. 52,No.10(October 1987) ;P.1376～1390
15 X. M. Tang et al. A Dispersive-wave Processing Technique for Estimating Formation Shear Velocity from Dipole and Stoneley Waveforms. Geophysics Vol. 60,No.1(January-February 1995) ; P.19～28
16 T. Zhang, X. M. Tang et al. Evaluation of Laminated Thin Beds in Formations Using High-resolution Acoustic Slowness Logs. SPWLA, 41st Ann. Log. Sym., June 4-7,2000,Paper 1～14
17 White, J. E.. The hula log A proposed acoustical tool. SPWLA 8th Annual logging Symposium Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. 1967
18 李占咸,杨建绥. 横波测井. 黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993
19 宋延杰,宋传星等. 慢速地层偶极横波测井横波初至检测新方法. 大庆石油学院学报,2005,2
20 地震勘探数字技术,燃化部石油地球物理勘探局计算中心站等编,科学出版社,1974
21 杨建绥. 用现代谱分析—最大熵法提取纵横波. 大庆石油学院硕士研究生学位论文. 1989
22 李鹏举. 声波测井资料高分辨率处理方法. 大庆石油学院硕士研究生学位论文. 2003
23 Mark. E. Willis. M. Nati Toksoz, 1983. Automatic P and S velocity determination from full waveform digital acoustic logs. Geophysics V.48 P.1631-1644
24 Jellry. Stevens and Steven M. Day, 1986. Shear velocity logging in slow formations using the stoneley wave.Geophysics V51 P.137-147
25 徐伯勋,白旭滨,赵静萱,最大熵谱估计,石油物探,1984 年第四期
26 郑於莹,伯格法最大熵谱分析,石油地球物理勘探,1982 年第四期
27 王宏禹,最大熵谱分析,通信学报,1982 年第一期
28 R. T. Lacoss, Data adaptive spectral analysis methods:Geophysis,V36,P.661-675
29 Lang Marple, A new autoregressive spectrum analysis algorithm:IEEE Jansactions on acoustic,V28,No.4,1980
30 James G. Berryman, 1987. Choice of operator length for maximum entropy spectral analysis:Geophysis ,V.43,P.1384-1391
31 Tad J. Ulrych, 1975. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and autoregressive decomposition:Revies of geophysics and space physics,V.13,No.1
32 S. J. Johnsen and N. Andessen, 1978. On power estimation in maximum entropy spectral analysis:Geophysics V.43,P.681-690
33 R. N. Mcdonough, 1974. Maximum entropy spatial processing of array data:Geophysics,V.39,P.843-851
34 S. L. Marple, Jr. 1982. Frequency resolution of Fourier and maximum entropy spectral estimates:Geophysics,V.47,P.1303-1307
35 N. Anderson, 1974. On the calculation of filter coefficients for maximum entropy spectral analysis:Geophysics ,V.39,P.69-72
36 John parker lurg, 1972. The relationship between maximum entropy spectra and maximum likelihood spectra:Geophysics,V.37,P.375-376
37 Chrislopher V. Rimball and Thomas L. Marzetta 1984. Semblance processing of borehole acoustic array data.Geophysics ,V.49,P.274-281
38 吴健平,张立. 地理数据线性回归中的稳健估计方法. 干旱区地理,1994,17(1):83～88
39 王旭高,朱正亚等. 横波测井的原理和方法研究. 地球物理学报. 1995,38(3):387～395
40 汪永明,余厚全等. 基于子波变换提取全波列声波测井信号波前的新方法. 信号处理. 1997,13(3):280～285
41 谢伟东,贺兴书,卢波. 极大熵功率谱估值器的设计和测试. 浙江工业大学学报. 1996,24(1):38～43
42 章成广等. 声波全波列测井波形频率滤波和分析. 江汉石油学院学报. 1999,21(4):23～28
43 邵高平. 声波时差智能化检测方法的实现. 信息工程学院学报. 1996,15(3):24～28
44 王霞等. 声波信号抛物线拟合与插值. 石油仪器. 2002,16(5):31～33
45 严波涛. 数据平滑的理论基础和方法. 西安体育学院学报. 1994,11(4):20～25
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