一种新型无损检测仪的研制
摘要
本文介绍的新型无损检测仪是一种以磁致伸缩为原理工作的新型检测仪表,它应用于各种钢管的无损检测。本文详尽阐述了这个仪器的研制。该仪器采用分体式设计,选用WINBOND公司的W78E58B单片机作为处理器。仪器分为激励和检测两大部分:激励部分的作用是发射1到8个频率为5K到250K的脉冲,脉冲的电压值为200V、400V、600V、800V、1000V五挡可变,功率最大可以达到4千瓦。我们结合单片机技术和高频电路设计技术,设计出了一种全新的脉冲发射电路,它很好的改善了脉冲波形。检测部分中最重要的是信号的滤波处理,它所要检测的是前面发射脉冲所反射的机械波,这个机械波是一个干扰很大的弱信号,我们采用美信公司所生产的集成滤波芯片MAX275对这个信号进行滤波放大,再用数据采集卡DSO-220 USB进行信号采集,采集上来的信号传到PC机进行处理。通过PC机显示的波形可以判断所检测钢管的缺陷。该仪器通过RS-232串行通信接口与计算机连接进行数据传输,计算机可以实时的读取测量的数据并修改发射脉冲的参数。本文分章节详细的阐述了仪器的研制过程,首先是仪器的原理和总体规划,然后是两大功能模块的的软、硬件设计和调试,本文对串行通信协议也作了详细的说明,最后是文章的总结。
In this article, the study of a new NDT-device based on magnetostrictive effect is expatiated in detailed, and it can realize the NDT of all kinds of steel pipe. The microchip W78E58B of Winbond Co. is adopted as MCU in this device. It includes two important parts such as the system of exciting and receiving. The function of the exciting-part in the device is transmitting one to eight pulses which frequency is 5Khz to 250Khz. The voltage of the pulse is alterable from five chances (200V、400V、600V、800V、1000V). In this paper, a new high voltage transmitting circuit is given combining with microchip and high frequency circuit design technology. It can improve transmitted and received obviously, then enhance the measuring precision and anti-jamming capability. The receiving-part must detect a very weak signal with much stronger disturbing signal. I select the Integrated-Filter(MAX275) made from MAXIM to filter and magnify the signal, and then collect the signal with the Data- Acquisition-Card (DSO-220 USB) and transmit to computer via USB. In addition, the data is transmitted to computer by an isolated RS-232 interface, and computer can read Detecting-Data and modify the parameter of the pulse. The paper describes the design course of the device in chapter: chapter 1 describes the theory and history of NDT, the layout of instrument is given in chapter2, and then describe the design of software and hardware of the device in detail, chapter 6 and 7 introduces the serial communication protocol and the instrument, the last chapter is the summarize.
In this article, the study of a new NDT-device based on magnetostrictive effect is expatiated in detailed, and it can realize the NDT of all kinds of steel pipe. The microchip W78E58B of Winbond Co. is adopted as MCU in this device. It includes two important parts such as the system of exciting and receiving. The function of the exciting-part in the device is transmitting one to eight pulses which frequency is 5Khz to 250Khz. The voltage of the pulse is alterable from five chances (200V、400V、600V、800V、1000V). In this paper, a new high voltage transmitting circuit is given combining with microchip and high frequency circuit design technology. It can improve transmitted and received obviously, then enhance the measuring precision and anti-jamming capability. The receiving-part must detect a very weak signal with much stronger disturbing signal. I select the Integrated-Filter(MAX275) made from MAXIM to filter and magnify the signal, and then collect the signal with the Data- Acquisition-Card (DSO-220 USB) and transmit to computer via USB. In addition, the data is transmitted to computer by an isolated RS-232 interface, and computer can read Detecting-Data and modify the parameter of the pulse. The paper describes the design course of the device in chapter: chapter 1 describes the theory and history of NDT, the layout of instrument is given in chapter2, and then describe the design of software and hardware of the device in detail, chapter 6 and 7 introduces the serial communication protocol and the instrument, the last chapter is the summarize.
引文
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[4]顾达群,何春荣.WCM型磁致伸缩液位变送器.中国仪器仪表,1999, 2: 31-32
[5]王会宗.磁性材料及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1989,7
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[8] HegeonK wun, CeciIM .Teller. Detection of Fractured Wires in Steel Cables Using Magnetorestrictive Sensors.Materials Evaluation,1994,4:503 -507
[9]戴道生,钱昆明,钟文定等.铁磁学.北京:科学出版社,1992
[10]龙毅,张正义,李守卫.新型功能磁性材料及其应用北京:机械工业出版社,1997,4
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[20] M.J. Sa blik, Yichi Lu and G.L .Bu rkhardt, Modeling magnetostrictive generation of elastic waves in steel pipes, II. Comparison to experiment Int.J.of Applied Electromagnetic sand Mechanics, 10(1999):167^-176
[21]武新军.数字化磁性无损检测技术的研究及应用.武汉:华中科技大学,2001,6
[22]科技标准术语词典编辑委员会.科技标准术语词典(第7卷,电工电子信息技术).北京:中国标准出版社,1996
[23]欧时电子元件(上海)有限公司.RS产品目录(电子、电器及工业产品).2001,4
[24]谢自美.电子线路设计.实验·测试(第二版).武汉:华中理工大学,2000,7
[25]何立民.单片机应用文集(2).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.400～405
[26] A comparison of ultrasonic and diverted magnetic flux pipeline inspection technologies Proceeding soft the 1992 Pipeline Pigging Technology Conference.Holland:Gulf Publishing Company and Surveys Ltd
[27] Raad JA de.Comparison between ultrasonicand magnetic flux pigs forpipeline inspection Pipes & Pipelines International,19 87(1):7- 15
[28] J. K.Ghosh,Development of anultrasonic inspection pig for monitoring a buried pipeline,《14th world Conference on Non Destructive Testing》,December 8-13,1996
[29] Hiroshi Hoshikawa. Eddy current distribution using parameters normalized by standard penetration depth.Material Evaluation,1999,6.
[30] Buzz Wincheski.Self-nulling eddy current probe for surface and subsurface flawdetection.Materials Evaluation, 1994,1
[31] Hiroshi Hoshikawa. A new eddy current probe using uniform rotating eddy currents.Materials Evaluation, 1998,1
[32]黄晨武.最新集成电路应用大全.北京希望电脑公司,1991,10
[33]马云峰,马海峰.集成模拟开关的选用.电气开关,2000, NO.5: 41^43
[34]魏智.CMOS模拟开关的选择与典型应用.国外电子元器件,1999, 12: 40
[35] Texas Instruments. PA1205 Data Sheet. 1999, 1
[36]刘乐善,叶济忠.微型计算机接口技术原理及应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996,3
[37]高福祥,张君.接口技术.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1999
[38]辛德强,朴顺善.X25045与8051的接口技术.电子技术应用,1999,(12):20～22
[39]康宜华.小型钢丝绳表面缺陷无损检测装置及其检测信号分析处理方法的研究:[硕士学位论文〕.武汉:华中理工大学,1990, 5
[40]杨叔子,康宜华.钢丝绳断丝定量检测原理与技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1995,7
[41]武新军.钢丝绳截面积损失的磁性无损检测原理与技术.武汉:华中理工大学,1999,1
[42]康宜华数字化磁性无损检测技术.华中科技大学天喻信息产业股份有限公司,2001,5
[43]邹继斌,刘宝延,崔淑梅,郑萍.磁路与磁场.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998,1
[44]雷银照.轴对称线圈磁场计算.北京:中国计量出版社,1991
[45]赵玉刚,李暗,赵增棋等.压缩应力下(Tb. Dy) Fee磁致伸缩的研究.功能材料,1994,25(4):359-361
[46]刘仁普.世界晶体管实用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[47]陈光东,赵性初.单片微型计算机原理与接口技术.第一版.武汉:华科技大学出版社,1995.106-114
[48]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础:模拟部分(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999,6
[49]丁莉. Visual Basic 6.0编程实例详解.第一版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.153-160
[50]张树兵戴红. Visual Basic 6.0中文版入门与提高.清华大学出版社,1999
[51]范逸之. Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制.第一版.中国青年出版社,2000.160-275
[52]何月顺,汤彬.VB中串行通信控件的设置与应用.华东地质学院学报,2001,24(1):79～81
[53]刘武光.RS232至RS-485/RS422接口的智能转换器.电子技术应用,2000,(5):46～48
[54]朱欣华. RS-232C、RS-423和RS-422标准的特点及其在微机化仪表中的应用.电测与仪表,1994,第12期: 21-24
[55] Analog Devices Inc. OP37D Data Sheet. 1994,8
[56]彭京湘.陷波滤波器和声纳电路.电子产品世界,2001, 8 B
[57]万利电子.MedWin集成开发环境快速入门.万利电子,2001.1～5
[58]唐光荣,李九龄,邓丽曼.数据采集与控制技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[59]卢文祥,杜润生.机械工程测试·信息·信号分析.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990, 3
[60] [美]w.J.汤普金斯,J.G.威伯斯特著,林家瑞,罗述谦等译.传感器与IBM
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