旋叶式压缩机的数值模拟与工作过程仿真
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摘要
进入21 世纪以来,伴随着汽车的大量普及,汽车工业得到了迅猛发展,汽车空调也越来越多的受到人们的关注,作为汽车空调的心脏——压缩机也得到了飞速的发展。
旋叶式汽车空调压缩机是在传统的转子与气缸偏心放置的滑片压缩机基础上发展起来的一种新机型,它具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、启动力矩小、运转平稳等特点,是斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的新一代替代产品。但目前,国内还没有形成自己的产品,相关研究工作也仍然处于初步阶段,因此,本文从热力性能分析及有限元分析等方面出发,对旋叶式压缩机进行了部分基础性研究与分析。
压缩机热力工作过程的数值模拟是研究其内部的工作过程,进行优化设计的基础。在旋叶式压缩机工作过程模拟方面,早期的简单模型能粗略地反映压缩机的工作过程,随着技术的进步和研究的进一步深入,使得研究工作逐步细化。本文建立的旋叶式压缩机工作过程数学模型,综合考虑了泄漏模型与传热模型,更接近实际情况。
工作过程数学模型的建立基于“任一时刻基元内工质的状态是均匀的”这样一种常用假设。在工作过程模拟的基础上,本文采用有限元法计算了压缩机基元在若干关键位置的热力参数分布情况。结果表明,压缩机基元内的热力参数在各个关键位置上的分布基本均匀,证明了工作过程数学模型建立的假设基本符合实际情况,可应用于工程设计及运行分析。
通过对旋叶式压缩机工作过程数学模型的建立,以基元容积内的工质为对象,研究其热力参数的变化,保证了对整个压缩机工作过程的深入了解。结果表明,本文所建立的模型能很好的反映压缩机工作过程的动态变化,与压缩机实际工作过程基本一致。本文的研究结果对该类型压缩机的自主开发及优化设计具有良好的理论指导意义。
With the popularization of the motorcar, the automobile industry has developed very quickly since 21st century, and the automobile air conditioner gets more and more public’s attention. As the “heart”of the automobile air conditioner, the compressor has much rapid development too.
Rotary vane compressor is the new type of compressor based on the traditional vane compressor whose rotor is eccentric to its stator. It has many advantages such as simple construction, no eccentric rotary parts, small size and high volumetric efficiency, etc. So it is the new substitute for the Swash Plate Compressor. But now there are no independent products in China, and the correlative research is still in the preliminary phase. So the rotary vane compressor is partly researched and analyzed from the fields of thermodynamic and Finite Element Method (FEM) in this paper.
The numerical simulation of the compressor working process is focused on the working course taking place inside the compressor, and which is the foundation for optimizing design. The early developed simple model could cursorily reflect the working process in this aspect. With the farther study and development of the technology, this research aspect becomes wider and wider. The working process model of the rotary vane simulated in the paper takes into account both the leakage and heat transfer model, so it is closer to the practice.
The working process model above is based on the common hypothesis: “The thermal status of the refrigerant in the chamber is uniform at any time”. Based on the model, the distributions of the thermal parameters in the compressor chambers on several key positions are computed with Finite Element Method (FEM). The results of FEM show that the parameter distribution in the cell is approximately uniform on every important position. The hypothesis for the model accords basically with the fact is proved. And it could be used to engineering designs and operating analyses.
In this paper, the working process model of the rotary vane compressor is presented. The distributions and changes of thermal parameters of the refrigerant in the cell of the compressor are observed by means of FEM. This basically ensures we understand the whole working circle. It is shown that the model in this paper reflects the dynamic working variety of the compressor, and it is similar to the fact of the rotary vane compressor. The result of this paper has theory and direction significance for the
independence exploitation and optimizing design of this kind of compressor.
旋叶式汽车空调压缩机是在传统的转子与气缸偏心放置的滑片压缩机基础上发展起来的一种新机型,它具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、启动力矩小、运转平稳等特点,是斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的新一代替代产品。但目前,国内还没有形成自己的产品,相关研究工作也仍然处于初步阶段,因此,本文从热力性能分析及有限元分析等方面出发,对旋叶式压缩机进行了部分基础性研究与分析。
压缩机热力工作过程的数值模拟是研究其内部的工作过程,进行优化设计的基础。在旋叶式压缩机工作过程模拟方面,早期的简单模型能粗略地反映压缩机的工作过程,随着技术的进步和研究的进一步深入,使得研究工作逐步细化。本文建立的旋叶式压缩机工作过程数学模型,综合考虑了泄漏模型与传热模型,更接近实际情况。
工作过程数学模型的建立基于“任一时刻基元内工质的状态是均匀的”这样一种常用假设。在工作过程模拟的基础上,本文采用有限元法计算了压缩机基元在若干关键位置的热力参数分布情况。结果表明,压缩机基元内的热力参数在各个关键位置上的分布基本均匀,证明了工作过程数学模型建立的假设基本符合实际情况,可应用于工程设计及运行分析。
通过对旋叶式压缩机工作过程数学模型的建立,以基元容积内的工质为对象,研究其热力参数的变化,保证了对整个压缩机工作过程的深入了解。结果表明,本文所建立的模型能很好的反映压缩机工作过程的动态变化,与压缩机实际工作过程基本一致。本文的研究结果对该类型压缩机的自主开发及优化设计具有良好的理论指导意义。
With the popularization of the motorcar, the automobile industry has developed very quickly since 21st century, and the automobile air conditioner gets more and more public’s attention. As the “heart”of the automobile air conditioner, the compressor has much rapid development too.
Rotary vane compressor is the new type of compressor based on the traditional vane compressor whose rotor is eccentric to its stator. It has many advantages such as simple construction, no eccentric rotary parts, small size and high volumetric efficiency, etc. So it is the new substitute for the Swash Plate Compressor. But now there are no independent products in China, and the correlative research is still in the preliminary phase. So the rotary vane compressor is partly researched and analyzed from the fields of thermodynamic and Finite Element Method (FEM) in this paper.
The numerical simulation of the compressor working process is focused on the working course taking place inside the compressor, and which is the foundation for optimizing design. The early developed simple model could cursorily reflect the working process in this aspect. With the farther study and development of the technology, this research aspect becomes wider and wider. The working process model of the rotary vane simulated in the paper takes into account both the leakage and heat transfer model, so it is closer to the practice.
The working process model above is based on the common hypothesis: “The thermal status of the refrigerant in the chamber is uniform at any time”. Based on the model, the distributions of the thermal parameters in the compressor chambers on several key positions are computed with Finite Element Method (FEM). The results of FEM show that the parameter distribution in the cell is approximately uniform on every important position. The hypothesis for the model accords basically with the fact is proved. And it could be used to engineering designs and operating analyses.
In this paper, the working process model of the rotary vane compressor is presented. The distributions and changes of thermal parameters of the refrigerant in the cell of the compressor are observed by means of FEM. This basically ensures we understand the whole working circle. It is shown that the model in this paper reflects the dynamic working variety of the compressor, and it is similar to the fact of the rotary vane compressor. The result of this paper has theory and direction significance for the
independence exploitation and optimizing design of this kind of compressor.
引文
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[2] 李惠黎,任建纲.环保型制冷剂——氢氟烃的生产、性质及应用.化学工业出版社,2003,6
[3] Young-Ze Lee,Se-Doo Oh. Friction and wear of the rotary compressor vane–roller surfaces for several sliding conditions. Wear,2003:1168~1173
[4] K. Mizuhara et al.,The friction and wear behavior in controlled alternative refrigerant atmosphere. STLE Paper No.92-TC-3B-3,1992:120–126
[5] Li Liansheng,Zhao Yuanyang,et al. Wrap of cylinder and its effect on main features of rotary vane compressor for automobile air conditioning system. International Journal of Refrigeration,2003:566~574
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[7] 王宜义,王军.汽车空调[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.1995
[8] Relchelt J.客车空调制冷压缩机[J].制冷技术,1993,47(1):32~37
[9] 梁荣光等.现代汽车空调技术.华南理工大学出版社,2003,7
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[11] 郁永章,高秀峰.国内外压缩机学术研究近况.压缩机技术,2003,4:14~17
[12] 周莺,张华俊等. 世界制冷压缩机现状及发展动向.压缩机技术,2001,4:39~46
[13] 束鹏程.容积式压缩机研发近况点滴.压缩机技术,2003,4:9~13
[14] Gnutek Z, Kalinowski E. Some aspects of describing processes in sliding vane rotary machines. Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference. Purdue University, USA, 1992
[15] Komatsubara T, Okajima M. Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Alloy for the Moving Parts of Rotary Compressor [A]. Sodel W. ICECP[C]. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Ray W Herrick Laboratories, 1990. 105~112
[16] Isobe A, Kond M. Development of SV-06 A/C Compressor for Mini-Car Applications[J]. ASME, 1990, 90022: 345~351
[17] Taguchi T, Abe Y. New Capacity Control in Vane Rotary Type Compressor for Automotive Air Conditioners[A]. Sodel W. ICECP[C]. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Ray W Herrick Laboratories, 1988. 424~431
[18] 马国远,郁永章.双工作腔滑片压缩机结构分析.压缩机技术,1997,5:3~8
[19] 马国远,郁永章.双工作腔滑片压缩机的试验研究.流体机械,1998,11:51~55
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[21] 马国远,顾兆林,郁永章.双工作腔滑片压缩机气缸型线的研究及特性分析.西安交通大学学报,1999,10:83~87
[22] Haruo KAMIYA等.十字滑片压缩机的滑片运动特性. 压缩机技术,1994,5:26~29
[23] 马国远,郁永章等.贯穿滑片压缩机的几何原理.流体机械,2000,4:15~19
[24] 马国远,郁永章等.双层滑片压缩机的动力特性分析.制冷学报,1994,4:1~8
[25] 马国远,李红旗.旋转压缩机.机械工业出版社,2001,3
[26] 刘志刚,刘咸定,越冠春.工质热物理形状计算程序的编制及应用.北京:科学出版社,1992
[27] Reed W A, Hamilton J F. Internal Leakage Effects in Sliding Vane Rotary Compressor [A]. Hamilton J F. ICECP[C]. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Ray W Herrick Laboratories, 1980:112~117
[28] I B VAISMAN. Computer aided functional design principles of rotary vane compressor [C]. ImechE C542/043,1999:599~608
[29] 李洪芳,许述圣.原苏联对R134a的研究状况.流体工程,Vol.20(4),1992
[30] 李洪芳,许述圣.R123、R134a热力性质的计算公式和程序.流体工程,1991,7
[31] 李庆扬.数值分析基础教程.高等教育出版社,2001,5
[32] 陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版).西安交通大学出版社,2002,5
[33] John D.Anderson,Jr.Computational Fluid Dynamics.清华大学出版社,2002,4
[34] 李勇,刘志友,安亦然.介绍计算流体力学通用软件——Fluent.水动力学研究与进展,2001,6:254~258
[35] 韩占忠等.FLUENT:流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京:理工大学出版社,2004
[36] 邓定国,束鹏程.回转压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,1989,6
[37] 熊则男,乔宗亮.压缩机设计中的力学分析.北京:机械工业出版社,1997,7
[38] 杨晨,何祖威,黄兰晴,柴红阳.建模与仿真在空调压缩机虚拟样机开发中的应用.计算机仿真,2003,3:58~62
[39] 杨晨,何祖威,黄兰晴,柴红阳.汽车空调压缩机虚拟样机的设计研究.系统仿真学报,2003,1:36~40
[40] 刘利芝.汽车空调压缩机现状及展望.制冷,2003,3:31~34
[41] 罗南春.汽车空调的特点及新动向.重型汽车,1998,1:9~10
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[57] 李连生,郭蓓,胡建华,束鹏程,翁向群.旋叶式压缩机滑槽背压对滑片运动特性影响.应用力学学报,1998,3:65~70
[58] Dumitru Aradau, Liviu Costiue. Friction power in sliding vane type rotary compressor. Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference. Purdue University, USA, 1998
[2] 李惠黎,任建纲.环保型制冷剂——氢氟烃的生产、性质及应用.化学工业出版社,2003,6
[3] Young-Ze Lee,Se-Doo Oh. Friction and wear of the rotary compressor vane–roller surfaces for several sliding conditions. Wear,2003:1168~1173
[4] K. Mizuhara et al.,The friction and wear behavior in controlled alternative refrigerant atmosphere. STLE Paper No.92-TC-3B-3,1992:120–126
[5] Li Liansheng,Zhao Yuanyang,et al. Wrap of cylinder and its effect on main features of rotary vane compressor for automobile air conditioning system. International Journal of Refrigeration,2003:566~574
[6] 熊则男,乔宗亮.回转式压缩机与泵.北京:机械工业出版社,1995,4
[7] 王宜义,王军.汽车空调[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.1995
[8] Relchelt J.客车空调制冷压缩机[J].制冷技术,1993,47(1):32~37
[9] 梁荣光等.现代汽车空调技术.华南理工大学出版社,2003,7
[10] Pichot,Pierre.Compressor Application Engineering,V.1.Gulf Pub.Co.,Book Division,1986
[11] 郁永章,高秀峰.国内外压缩机学术研究近况.压缩机技术,2003,4:14~17
[12] 周莺,张华俊等. 世界制冷压缩机现状及发展动向.压缩机技术,2001,4:39~46
[13] 束鹏程.容积式压缩机研发近况点滴.压缩机技术,2003,4:9~13
[14] Gnutek Z, Kalinowski E. Some aspects of describing processes in sliding vane rotary machines. Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference. Purdue University, USA, 1992
[15] Komatsubara T, Okajima M. Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Alloy for the Moving Parts of Rotary Compressor [A]. Sodel W. ICECP[C]. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Ray W Herrick Laboratories, 1990. 105~112
[16] Isobe A, Kond M. Development of SV-06 A/C Compressor for Mini-Car Applications[J]. ASME, 1990, 90022: 345~351
[17] Taguchi T, Abe Y. New Capacity Control in Vane Rotary Type Compressor for Automotive Air Conditioners[A]. Sodel W. ICECP[C]. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Ray W Herrick Laboratories, 1988. 424~431
[18] 马国远,郁永章.双工作腔滑片压缩机结构分析.压缩机技术,1997,5:3~8
[19] 马国远,郁永章.双工作腔滑片压缩机的试验研究.流体机械,1998,11:51~55
[20] 马国远,郁永章等.双工作腔滑片压缩机结构参数的优化. 流体机械,2000,10:17~20
[21] 马国远,顾兆林,郁永章.双工作腔滑片压缩机气缸型线的研究及特性分析.西安交通大学学报,1999,10:83~87
[22] Haruo KAMIYA等.十字滑片压缩机的滑片运动特性. 压缩机技术,1994,5:26~29
[23] 马国远,郁永章等.贯穿滑片压缩机的几何原理.流体机械,2000,4:15~19
[24] 马国远,郁永章等.双层滑片压缩机的动力特性分析.制冷学报,1994,4:1~8
[25] 马国远,李红旗.旋转压缩机.机械工业出版社,2001,3
[26] 刘志刚,刘咸定,越冠春.工质热物理形状计算程序的编制及应用.北京:科学出版社,1992
[27] Reed W A, Hamilton J F. Internal Leakage Effects in Sliding Vane Rotary Compressor [A]. Hamilton J F. ICECP[C]. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Ray W Herrick Laboratories, 1980:112~117
[28] I B VAISMAN. Computer aided functional design principles of rotary vane compressor [C]. ImechE C542/043,1999:599~608
[29] 李洪芳,许述圣.原苏联对R134a的研究状况.流体工程,Vol.20(4),1992
[30] 李洪芳,许述圣.R123、R134a热力性质的计算公式和程序.流体工程,1991,7
[31] 李庆扬.数值分析基础教程.高等教育出版社,2001,5
[32] 陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版).西安交通大学出版社,2002,5
[33] John D.Anderson,Jr.Computational Fluid Dynamics.清华大学出版社,2002,4
[34] 李勇,刘志友,安亦然.介绍计算流体力学通用软件——Fluent.水动力学研究与进展,2001,6:254~258
[35] 韩占忠等.FLUENT:流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京:理工大学出版社,2004
[36] 邓定国,束鹏程.回转压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,1989,6
[37] 熊则男,乔宗亮.压缩机设计中的力学分析.北京:机械工业出版社,1997,7
[38] 杨晨,何祖威,黄兰晴,柴红阳.建模与仿真在空调压缩机虚拟样机开发中的应用.计算机仿真,2003,3:58~62
[39] 杨晨,何祖威,黄兰晴,柴红阳.汽车空调压缩机虚拟样机的设计研究.系统仿真学报,2003,1:36~40
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