Ku波段波导功率传输组件中检波器的研制
摘要
本文设计的波导功率传输组件为总装部合同项目,应用于某型号导引头系统中,起到功率的传输、滤波检波及监控作用,其结构包括了主波导传输、耦合机构、检波和滤波部件等。
本论文分为六个部分对各个系统进行设计和分析。首先介绍了波导传输元件、二极管检波滤波电路的基本理论和技术指标,其次给出了检波组件的设计方法。在设计中波导采用了渐变式连接,讨论了几种方式的波导到检波部件的过渡方法。最后,针对设计成品使用测试仪器对检波滤波电路以及整个组件进行调试,给出了样品在Ku波段频率范围内的测试结果。
整个组件的达到的测试指标为:
检波电压灵敏度大于600mV/mW(SMA接口),驻波系数小于1.25,插入损耗<0.6 dB,进行了冲击试验、随机振动试验、温度循环试验、盐雾试验。温度循环试验中由于检波二极管的温度特性的不稳定性,使高低温试验-55℃~+85℃情况下检波稳定性指标较难达到,本文中相关章节也讨论了改进办法。
本文的几个主要创新点:
1.本文设计的二极管检波滤波电路采用混合集成工艺,将整个检波滤波电路制作在一个氧化铝陶瓷基片上,置于15mm×20mm×10mm的矩形腔体内,并采用波导同轴转换技术,将信号耦合至腔体内,微波腔体内部为微带型滤波电路,外部连接标准SMA接头,实现了小型化、集成化,既可以满足本项目的要求,又可以广泛应用于其它微波部件如:航空航天对抗、雷达接收机、微波遥感导引头等部件中。
2.概括了几种波导至其他传输机构的耦合方式,同时本文系统的阐述了四中典型的检波器的结构组成以及设计思路。最后确定的优化设计,投入批量生产后,产品的带宽达到3GHz,显然比原来的微带通孔型检波器的几百兆或者1GHz有了显著提高。
3.改进了微带式检波器的小孔耦合机构的耦合度不足、通孔的机械制造误差对检波器造成影响过大等因素,采用了同轴探针耦合,耦合度很容易达到要求,而且采用的同轴封装形式的二极管,安装方便,结构可靠,工作稳定。改变探针的位置以及长度,同样可以将本检波器的设计应用于其他频段。
作为整个系统功率传输以及控制部件,本组件的起着重要的作用。整个组件测试均达到指标,装机后组件工作非常稳定。
The waveguide power transient system are pact items of PLA.GAD, used in one type of guided missile in the controlling and manipulating parts,having results in transmitting, detecting and testing. The system is divided into six parts, which are central waveguide, coupling, detector, filter, connection and test results.
Firstly, the basic theory and specification index of the diode detector and the development of waveguide apparatus are discussed. Secondly, the way of designing on detector and modulator have been given. Considering the space limited, waveguide should be gradual-changed. Methods of transition from waveguide to detector have been also discussed. Finally, by adjusting of the fulfilled detector, the measurement results are presented at the Ku band.
The target values the system should reach are: Voltage sensitive > 600mV/mW; Insert loss<0.6dB; VSWR<1.25. Experimentations in impulsion, random oscillation, circulation in temperature, salt-fog test have been passed. Because of the unstable temperature characteristic of diode, the index of voltage stability from -55℃to +85℃is hard to achieve easily. Improving ways are handled in correlative parts. The main innovative points in this paper are:
1. The circuit has used the mixed integrate technique to make all the design on an Al2O3 pottery chirp. The whole circuit was assembled in a mental box of 15mm×20mm×10mm. With the technology of waveguide-to-coaxial cable the signal was coupling-out to the cavity. SMA connector was employed in RF system. Based on all the reasons forenamed miniaturization and integration have been achieved. These technologies can also be applied to the other microwave circuit to improve the performance of microwave component.
2. Several types of transform from microstrip to other transmissions were expounded synoptically. And four typical detector constitutions were expatiated systematically.
3. Deficiency of coupling was recuperated by replacing the microstrip type to the coaxial one. And the index point was easy to achieve. Coaxial-packaged diode was used which made the system easy to set and reliable. On basic of the design theory, it can also be used at the other frequency band.
As a transmitting and controlling part of the whole system, it plays an important role. It successfully catches the index and has a balance to the lowest.
本论文分为六个部分对各个系统进行设计和分析。首先介绍了波导传输元件、二极管检波滤波电路的基本理论和技术指标,其次给出了检波组件的设计方法。在设计中波导采用了渐变式连接,讨论了几种方式的波导到检波部件的过渡方法。最后,针对设计成品使用测试仪器对检波滤波电路以及整个组件进行调试,给出了样品在Ku波段频率范围内的测试结果。
整个组件的达到的测试指标为:
检波电压灵敏度大于600mV/mW(SMA接口),驻波系数小于1.25,插入损耗<0.6 dB,进行了冲击试验、随机振动试验、温度循环试验、盐雾试验。温度循环试验中由于检波二极管的温度特性的不稳定性,使高低温试验-55℃~+85℃情况下检波稳定性指标较难达到,本文中相关章节也讨论了改进办法。
本文的几个主要创新点:
1.本文设计的二极管检波滤波电路采用混合集成工艺,将整个检波滤波电路制作在一个氧化铝陶瓷基片上,置于15mm×20mm×10mm的矩形腔体内,并采用波导同轴转换技术,将信号耦合至腔体内,微波腔体内部为微带型滤波电路,外部连接标准SMA接头,实现了小型化、集成化,既可以满足本项目的要求,又可以广泛应用于其它微波部件如:航空航天对抗、雷达接收机、微波遥感导引头等部件中。
2.概括了几种波导至其他传输机构的耦合方式,同时本文系统的阐述了四中典型的检波器的结构组成以及设计思路。最后确定的优化设计,投入批量生产后,产品的带宽达到3GHz,显然比原来的微带通孔型检波器的几百兆或者1GHz有了显著提高。
3.改进了微带式检波器的小孔耦合机构的耦合度不足、通孔的机械制造误差对检波器造成影响过大等因素,采用了同轴探针耦合,耦合度很容易达到要求,而且采用的同轴封装形式的二极管,安装方便,结构可靠,工作稳定。改变探针的位置以及长度,同样可以将本检波器的设计应用于其他频段。
作为整个系统功率传输以及控制部件,本组件的起着重要的作用。整个组件测试均达到指标,装机后组件工作非常稳定。
The waveguide power transient system are pact items of PLA.GAD, used in one type of guided missile in the controlling and manipulating parts,having results in transmitting, detecting and testing. The system is divided into six parts, which are central waveguide, coupling, detector, filter, connection and test results.
Firstly, the basic theory and specification index of the diode detector and the development of waveguide apparatus are discussed. Secondly, the way of designing on detector and modulator have been given. Considering the space limited, waveguide should be gradual-changed. Methods of transition from waveguide to detector have been also discussed. Finally, by adjusting of the fulfilled detector, the measurement results are presented at the Ku band.
The target values the system should reach are: Voltage sensitive > 600mV/mW; Insert loss<0.6dB; VSWR<1.25. Experimentations in impulsion, random oscillation, circulation in temperature, salt-fog test have been passed. Because of the unstable temperature characteristic of diode, the index of voltage stability from -55℃to +85℃is hard to achieve easily. Improving ways are handled in correlative parts. The main innovative points in this paper are:
1. The circuit has used the mixed integrate technique to make all the design on an Al2O3 pottery chirp. The whole circuit was assembled in a mental box of 15mm×20mm×10mm. With the technology of waveguide-to-coaxial cable the signal was coupling-out to the cavity. SMA connector was employed in RF system. Based on all the reasons forenamed miniaturization and integration have been achieved. These technologies can also be applied to the other microwave circuit to improve the performance of microwave component.
2. Several types of transform from microstrip to other transmissions were expounded synoptically. And four typical detector constitutions were expatiated systematically.
3. Deficiency of coupling was recuperated by replacing the microstrip type to the coaxial one. And the index point was easy to achieve. Coaxial-packaged diode was used which made the system easy to set and reliable. On basic of the design theory, it can also be used at the other frequency band.
As a transmitting and controlling part of the whole system, it plays an important role. It successfully catches the index and has a balance to the lowest.
引文
[1]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.人民邮电出版社,1998,220-242
[2]中国集成电路大全编委会.微波集成电路.国防工业出版社,1995,305-327
[3] M.D.Rayzer and L.E.Tsopp. The detection and measurement of microwave power for second duration. Radio Electron,1975 ,32:1164-1169
[4] JELSMA. Fast Microwave Detectors Based on the Interaction of Holes with Phonons. IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques, 1985, 33(5): 367-372
[5]张治平.宽带微波检波器的研制.上海航天,1995,2:17-21
[6]邓建华,甘体国等.高性能K波段宽频带检波器.电讯技术,2003.pp105-108
[7] Harrison RG, Plolzec. Non-square Behavior of Diode Detectors Analyzed by the Ritz-Galerkin Method. IEEE Trans on MTT, 1994, 42(5): 840-845
[8]赵春生.微波检波器.电子科学与技术,1980,1:24-26
[9] P.A.Szente, S.Adam, R.B.Riley. Low-Barrier Schottky diode detectors. Microwave Journal, 1976, 2:42-46
[10] Robert A .Witte著,何小平译.电子测量仪器的原理与应用.清华大学出版社,1995:11-20
[11] Biglieri. Introduction to Trellis-coded Modulation with Applications. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991:162-166.
[12]张肃文.高频电子线路.高等教育出版社,2001:461-521
[13]钱聪,陈英梅.通信电子线路.人民邮电出版社,2002:132-141
[14] Thuy-Nhung, Long Bui. Waveguaide-To-Microstrip Transitions For Millimeter-Wave Applications. IEEE MTTT-S Digest, 1988 26(5):473-475
[15]喻梦霞,徐军,薛良金.毫米波微带波导过渡设计.红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(6):pp473-476.
[16] T.Q.HOAND. Spectral-Domain Analysis of E-Plane Waveguide to Microstrip Transitions. IEEE. Transactions on Microwave Theory, 1989, 37(2):388-392
[17]李春晓.毫米波功率合成器相关组件及系统合成效率研究.电子科技大学.2003
[18] Agilent Technologies. Schottky Barrier Diode Video Detectors. Application Note, 2003:110-120
[19] P.A.Szente, S.Adam, R.B.Riley. Low-barrier Schottky diode detectors. Microwave Journal, 1976, 2:42-45
[20]李宝莲,杨社年.微波功率测量的误差分析.测试技术.2003,33(9):63-64
[21]严丰庆,钱澄.射频开关及其在通信系统中的应用.电子器件.2005,2:97-100
[22]列别捷夫.超高频技术和器件.上海科学技术出版社,1978,189-195
[23]邵军,孙广荣,宗有泰.新型峰值包络检波器的研究.电声技术.1995.pp9-12
[24]李春鹏.检波器在射频中的应用.电子工程.2003,3:48-51
[25] Inder Bahl. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2006:57-59
[26]王新稳,李萍.微波技术与天线.电子工业出版社,2002,121-123
[27]郭桂美.毫米波脉冲检波器.电子科技大学硕士论文.2006,06.
[28] Gabriel Colef, Paul R.Karmel, Morris Ettenberg. New Insitu.Calibration of Diode Detectors Used in Six-port Network Analyzers. IEEE. Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1990, 2(1): 201~204.
[29] DEMARESTKENNETH. Engineering Electromagnetic. Prentice Hall Upper River, 1998.
[30] HEATHMICHAELT. Scientific Computing: An Introductory Survey (Second Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 1997.
[31]魏新泉.微带短截线型滤波器设计.现代电子技术.2007,30(23):163-467
[32] (苏)别连柯(М.И.Билько)等著,张伦译.微波功率测量.北京:人民邮电出版社,1979.
[33]甘本祓、吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计.北京:科学技术出版社,1973.
[2]中国集成电路大全编委会.微波集成电路.国防工业出版社,1995,305-327
[3] M.D.Rayzer and L.E.Tsopp. The detection and measurement of microwave power for second duration. Radio Electron,1975 ,32:1164-1169
[4] JELSMA. Fast Microwave Detectors Based on the Interaction of Holes with Phonons. IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques, 1985, 33(5): 367-372
[5]张治平.宽带微波检波器的研制.上海航天,1995,2:17-21
[6]邓建华,甘体国等.高性能K波段宽频带检波器.电讯技术,2003.pp105-108
[7] Harrison RG, Plolzec. Non-square Behavior of Diode Detectors Analyzed by the Ritz-Galerkin Method. IEEE Trans on MTT, 1994, 42(5): 840-845
[8]赵春生.微波检波器.电子科学与技术,1980,1:24-26
[9] P.A.Szente, S.Adam, R.B.Riley. Low-Barrier Schottky diode detectors. Microwave Journal, 1976, 2:42-46
[10] Robert A .Witte著,何小平译.电子测量仪器的原理与应用.清华大学出版社,1995:11-20
[11] Biglieri. Introduction to Trellis-coded Modulation with Applications. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991:162-166.
[12]张肃文.高频电子线路.高等教育出版社,2001:461-521
[13]钱聪,陈英梅.通信电子线路.人民邮电出版社,2002:132-141
[14] Thuy-Nhung, Long Bui. Waveguaide-To-Microstrip Transitions For Millimeter-Wave Applications. IEEE MTTT-S Digest, 1988 26(5):473-475
[15]喻梦霞,徐军,薛良金.毫米波微带波导过渡设计.红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(6):pp473-476.
[16] T.Q.HOAND. Spectral-Domain Analysis of E-Plane Waveguide to Microstrip Transitions. IEEE. Transactions on Microwave Theory, 1989, 37(2):388-392
[17]李春晓.毫米波功率合成器相关组件及系统合成效率研究.电子科技大学.2003
[18] Agilent Technologies. Schottky Barrier Diode Video Detectors. Application Note, 2003:110-120
[19] P.A.Szente, S.Adam, R.B.Riley. Low-barrier Schottky diode detectors. Microwave Journal, 1976, 2:42-45
[20]李宝莲,杨社年.微波功率测量的误差分析.测试技术.2003,33(9):63-64
[21]严丰庆,钱澄.射频开关及其在通信系统中的应用.电子器件.2005,2:97-100
[22]列别捷夫.超高频技术和器件.上海科学技术出版社,1978,189-195
[23]邵军,孙广荣,宗有泰.新型峰值包络检波器的研究.电声技术.1995.pp9-12
[24]李春鹏.检波器在射频中的应用.电子工程.2003,3:48-51
[25] Inder Bahl. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2006:57-59
[26]王新稳,李萍.微波技术与天线.电子工业出版社,2002,121-123
[27]郭桂美.毫米波脉冲检波器.电子科技大学硕士论文.2006,06.
[28] Gabriel Colef, Paul R.Karmel, Morris Ettenberg. New Insitu.Calibration of Diode Detectors Used in Six-port Network Analyzers. IEEE. Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1990, 2(1): 201~204.
[29] DEMARESTKENNETH. Engineering Electromagnetic. Prentice Hall Upper River, 1998.
[30] HEATHMICHAELT. Scientific Computing: An Introductory Survey (Second Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 1997.
[31]魏新泉.微带短截线型滤波器设计.现代电子技术.2007,30(23):163-467
[32] (苏)别连柯(М.И.Билько)等著,张伦译.微波功率测量.北京:人民邮电出版社,1979.
[33]甘本祓、吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计.北京:科学技术出版社,1973.
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