中小型制造业供应链库存管理的应用研究
摘要
供应链是一个各种组织构成的网络，它涉及不同的流程和行为，以产生有价值的产品和服务提供给最终用户。供应链管理着眼于对供应链中物流和信息流的集成管理，以确保在适当的时间适当的地点传递适当的数量的适当产品。供应链库存管理(SCIM)是对从原材料开始到最终用户这个整个合作组织网络的库存的计划和控制的集成。SCIM聚焦于最终客户需求，着眼于提高客户服务水平以及提高产品多样性和降低产品价格。
本文分析了目前供应链管理和ERP的发展现状，对目前供应链库存管理中联合库存管理(JMI)、供应商管理库存(VMI)以及共同预测、计划与补充(CPFR)等新的管理方法和思想进行了分析研究，提出了供应链管理库存的管理模型以及实现方法。在库存分析中，文章重点研究了ABC分类法，并对其进行了拓展，提出来多因素、多层次的ABC分析方法，同时引入了模糊集Fuzzy的多因素分析法。对供应链管理库存中合作伙伴的选择作了较为深入的研究，提出了基于模糊数学AHP方法的合作伙伴选择综合评价体系。
最后，本文在东方凯奇电气有限公司和四川电气设备成套厂进行深入调研的基础上，运用面向对象方法，运用UML对供应链管理库存进行了软件建模，设计了供应链管理库存的管理系统总体体系结构。运用Delphi 6.0结合SQL Server 2000设计开发了供应链管理库存系统。同时，对运用面向对象方法，对供应商管理库存(VMI)进行了系统分析与设计。
A supply chain (SC) is a network of organizations that are involved in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimate consumer. Such activities are mainly the procurement of materials, the transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished product, and the distribution of finished products to the end customer. Supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with the integrated management of the flows of goods and information throughout the supply chain, so as to insure that the right goods be delivered in the right place and quantity at the right time. Supply chain inventory management (SCIM), which is the main concern of this dissertation, is an integrated approach to the planning and control of inventory throughout the entire network of co-operating organizations, from the source of supply to the end user. SCIM is focused on the ultimate customer demand and aims at improving customer service, increasing product variety, and lowering costs.The dissertation analyses the actual state of the development and study in the fields of Supply Chain Management and Enterprise Resource Planning. Furthermore, this dissertation studies and analyzes the new operational methods and ideas in Supply Chain Inventory Management, such as Jointly Managed Inventory, Vendor-Managed Inventory, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting &Replenishment and so on. On the basis of the study above mentioned, some management models and methods about SCIM are put forward. In the field of stock analysis, this dissertation focuses on the method of ABC and develops the method. In addition, the fuzzy theory is introduced
in it. The general principle and four main factors of partner choice of virtual enterprise have been analyzed deeply, and the evaluation architecture of partner choice of enterprise has been established. A fuzzy method, AHP, as an optimization decision method of partner choice has been put forwards with an example as the illustration.At last, the dissertation uses the Object-Orient Analysis and Design methods and Unified Model Language to analyze and design the framework and software modeling of a SCIM system based on the investigation and study in DFCA and CDCT. Then using the programming language Delphi 6.0 combined Database Management System SQL Server 2000 the system has been developed. Besides, this dissertation also has finished the work of system analysis and design about the VMI System.
本文分析了目前供应链管理和ERP的发展现状，对目前供应链库存管理中联合库存管理(JMI)、供应商管理库存(VMI)以及共同预测、计划与补充(CPFR)等新的管理方法和思想进行了分析研究，提出了供应链管理库存的管理模型以及实现方法。在库存分析中，文章重点研究了ABC分类法，并对其进行了拓展，提出来多因素、多层次的ABC分析方法，同时引入了模糊集Fuzzy的多因素分析法。对供应链管理库存中合作伙伴的选择作了较为深入的研究，提出了基于模糊数学AHP方法的合作伙伴选择综合评价体系。
最后，本文在东方凯奇电气有限公司和四川电气设备成套厂进行深入调研的基础上，运用面向对象方法，运用UML对供应链管理库存进行了软件建模，设计了供应链管理库存的管理系统总体体系结构。运用Delphi 6.0结合SQL Server 2000设计开发了供应链管理库存系统。同时，对运用面向对象方法，对供应商管理库存(VMI)进行了系统分析与设计。
A supply chain (SC) is a network of organizations that are involved in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimate consumer. Such activities are mainly the procurement of materials, the transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished product, and the distribution of finished products to the end customer. Supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with the integrated management of the flows of goods and information throughout the supply chain, so as to insure that the right goods be delivered in the right place and quantity at the right time. Supply chain inventory management (SCIM), which is the main concern of this dissertation, is an integrated approach to the planning and control of inventory throughout the entire network of co-operating organizations, from the source of supply to the end user. SCIM is focused on the ultimate customer demand and aims at improving customer service, increasing product variety, and lowering costs.The dissertation analyses the actual state of the development and study in the fields of Supply Chain Management and Enterprise Resource Planning. Furthermore, this dissertation studies and analyzes the new operational methods and ideas in Supply Chain Inventory Management, such as Jointly Managed Inventory, Vendor-Managed Inventory, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting &Replenishment and so on. On the basis of the study above mentioned, some management models and methods about SCIM are put forward. In the field of stock analysis, this dissertation focuses on the method of ABC and develops the method. In addition, the fuzzy theory is introduced
in it. The general principle and four main factors of partner choice of virtual enterprise have been analyzed deeply, and the evaluation architecture of partner choice of enterprise has been established. A fuzzy method, AHP, as an optimization decision method of partner choice has been put forwards with an example as the illustration.At last, the dissertation uses the Object-Orient Analysis and Design methods and Unified Model Language to analyze and design the framework and software modeling of a SCIM system based on the investigation and study in DFCA and CDCT. Then using the programming language Delphi 6.0 combined Database Management System SQL Server 2000 the system has been developed. Besides, this dissertation also has finished the work of system analysis and design about the VMI System.
引文
1 Lee H L, Billingtion C. Material management in decentralized supply chains. Operations Research, 1993, 41(5): 835～846
2 Goneshan R, Harrison. T. P. An Introduction to Supply Chain Management. Working Paper, 1997
3 Lee H L, Billington C. The Evolution of Supply Chain Management models and practice at Hewlett Packard. Interfaces, 1995, 25(5): 42～63
4 Harland C. Supply Chain Operational Performance Roles. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 1997, 8(2): 70～78
5 Jack C. Achieving Maximum Supply Chain Efficiency. IIE Solutions, 1997, 1: 30～35
6 Supply Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR) 5.0, www.supply-chain.org
7 Drucker, EE(1998). Management's new paradigms. Forbes, October, 152～177
8 Lambert, D. M, &Copper, M. C. (2000). Issues in supply chain management. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, 65～83
9 Cooper, M. C., Lambert, D. M. &Pagh, J. D.(1997). Supply chain management: More than a new name for logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 8(1), 1～13
10 Gupta S. Supply Chain Management in Complex Manufacturing. IIE Solutions, 1997, 5: 18～23
11 Amtzen B C, Brown G G, Harrison T P, etc. Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation. Interfaces, 1995, 25 (1): 69～93
12 Robert G. Beyongd ERP and MRPⅡ-Optimized Planning and Synchronized Manufactruing. IIE Soluions, 1996, 9: 33～35
13 唐剑林．ERP在中小企业中的实施应用研究．CAD／CAM与制造业信息化，2003，12：17～19
14 林健，张玲玲．ERP的未来发展趋势研究．系统工程理论与实践，2003(4)：69～74
15 孔祥云，王玉荣．持续支持动态建模——BaaN评析[EB／OL]．http://asa.163.net/erp
16 董明封，等．ERP动态企业模型和建模方法[EB／OL]. http://asa.163.net.erp
17 杨曼．ERP发展趋势研究．情报科学，2002，9，Vol．20(9)：1002～1004
18 叶娟．ERP发展中的若干集成问题思考．企业经济，2002(9)：81～82
19 刘晓冰，王枫．ERP的发展、现状及展望．2002，3，Vol．5(2)：19～22
20 罗鸿.ERP原理·设计·实施,电子工业出版社
21 M.Verwijmeren, P.Van der Vlist, K.van Donselaar, networked inventory management information systems: Materializing supply chain management, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 26 (6) (1996) 16-31
22 J.W.Forrester, Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1961
23 M.P.Baganha, M.Cohen, The stabilizing effect of inventory in supply chains, Operations Research 46 (3) (1998) S72-S73
24 D.Towill, Industrial dynamics modeling of supply chains, Logistics Information management 9 (1996) 43-56
25 H.L.Lee, V.Padmanabhan, S.Whang, The bullwhip effect in the supply chains, Sloan management Review. 38 (3) (1997) 93-102
26 P.Kelle, A.Milne, The effect of (s, S) ordering policy on the supply chain, International Journal of Production Economics 59 (1999) 113-122
27 J.Wikner, D.R.Towill, M.Nairn, Smoothing supply chain dynamics, International Journal of Production Economics. 22 (1991) 231-248
28 G.H.Stalk, T.M.Hout, Competing against Time, How Time-Based Competition Is Reshaping Global Competition, Free Press, New York, 1990
29 J.D. Blackburn, Time-based Competition: The Next Battleground in American Manufacturing, Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1991
30 S. ErenguK c, A.J. Vakharia, Integrated production/distribution planning in supply chains, European Journal of Operational Research 115 (1999) 219-236
31 C. Forza, Achieving superior operating performance from integrated pipeline management: An empirical study, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 26 (9) (1996) 36-63
32 D.J. Thomas, P.M. Griffin, Coordinated supply chain management, European Journal of Operational Research. 94 (1) (1996) 1-15
33 林晓通，王宁生.企业动态联盟中盟友的模糊综合评价[J].机械设计与制造工程，2002，31(2):81-83
34 赵小惠，赵小苗．基于模糊决策的供应商选择方法[J]．工业工程与管理，2002，4：27～29
35 郑文军，张旭梅，刘飞，张宗益，黄河．虚拟企业合作伙伴评价体系及优化决策[J]．计算机集成制造系统，2000，6(5)：63～67
36 张炳轩，李龙洙，都忠诚．动态供应链合作伙伴的评价体系及其模糊评价方法[J]．天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，21(3)：19～23
37 张跃，邹寿平，宿芬．模糊数学方法及其应用[M]．煤炭工业出版社，1992，21，8～230．
38 Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation (A custom Edition for the University of Tennessee). Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 67～87
39 柴跃廷，韩坚，吴澄．敏捷供需链及其管理[J]．中国机械工程，2000，11(3)：352-355
40 汪定伟等．敏捷制造的ERP及其决策优化．机械工业出版社，2003
41 李玉良，邵新宇，李培根，高亮．CPFR——供应链库存管理技术的新趋势．机械设计与制造工程，2001，5．Vol．30(5)：1～3
42 林勇，马士华．供应链管理环境下供应商的综合评价选择研究．管理现代化[J]，2000，5：30～32
43 M. Puterman, Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Programming, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1994
44 R. L. Sutton, A. G. Barto, Reinforcement Leaning-An Introduction, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998
45 Ilaria Giannoccaro, pierpaolo Pontrandolfo, Inventory management in supply chains: a reinforcement learning approach, int. J. Production Economics. 2002 (78): 153-161
46 Hokey Min, Gengui Zhou. Supply chain modeling: past, present and future. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2002 (43): 231～249
47 邓瑞林，王启富．基于Internet／Intranet的VMI应用模型．重庆大学学报，2003，6，26(6)：25～29
48 项明，严广乐．基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究．现代管理科学，2003，3：56～57
49 黄强等．基于Intranet的库存管理信息系统的设计与实施．计算机工程和应用，2000，9
50 倪东生等．模糊集理论在库存管理中的应用．中国流通经济，1999，3
51 叶宗裕．库存问题的进一步研究．浙江师大学报(自然科学版)，2001，2
52 夏文汇．改进标度AHP在企业物资供应管理中的应用．物流技术，1996(5)
53 Ronald H．Ballou．企业物流管理——供应链大的规划、组织和控制．机械工业出版社，2003
54 王中王．企业资源计划(ERP)理论及应用研究[D]．北京：北京航空航天大学，1999
55 徐晓飞．ERP的技术与应用趋势[EB／OL]．http://www.e-work.net.cn/glxt/erp132.htm，2000—12
56 李新明谈CRM与ERP的发展趋势与整合 [EB/OL]. http://www.e-work.net.cn/glxt/erp247.htm, 2001-01
57 张后启．ERP系统的过去与未来[EB/OL]
58 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
59 Mike Gunderloy，Joseph L．Jorden． SQL Server 2000从入门到精通．电子工业出版社，2001
60 Jim Arlow，Ila Newstadt．UML和统一过程——使用面向对象的分析和设计．机械工业出版社，2003
61 Steve Teixeira，Xavier Pacheco．Delphi5开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．2000
62 Ray Liscbner．Delphi技术手册．中国电力出版社，2001
2 Goneshan R, Harrison. T. P. An Introduction to Supply Chain Management. Working Paper, 1997
3 Lee H L, Billington C. The Evolution of Supply Chain Management models and practice at Hewlett Packard. Interfaces, 1995, 25(5): 42～63
4 Harland C. Supply Chain Operational Performance Roles. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 1997, 8(2): 70～78
5 Jack C. Achieving Maximum Supply Chain Efficiency. IIE Solutions, 1997, 1: 30～35
6 Supply Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR) 5.0, www.supply-chain.org
7 Drucker, EE(1998). Management's new paradigms. Forbes, October, 152～177
8 Lambert, D. M, &Copper, M. C. (2000). Issues in supply chain management. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, 65～83
9 Cooper, M. C., Lambert, D. M. &Pagh, J. D.(1997). Supply chain management: More than a new name for logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 8(1), 1～13
10 Gupta S. Supply Chain Management in Complex Manufacturing. IIE Solutions, 1997, 5: 18～23
11 Amtzen B C, Brown G G, Harrison T P, etc. Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation. Interfaces, 1995, 25 (1): 69～93
12 Robert G. Beyongd ERP and MRPⅡ-Optimized Planning and Synchronized Manufactruing. IIE Soluions, 1996, 9: 33～35
13 唐剑林．ERP在中小企业中的实施应用研究．CAD／CAM与制造业信息化，2003，12：17～19
14 林健，张玲玲．ERP的未来发展趋势研究．系统工程理论与实践，2003(4)：69～74
15 孔祥云，王玉荣．持续支持动态建模——BaaN评析[EB／OL]．http://asa.163.net/erp
16 董明封，等．ERP动态企业模型和建模方法[EB／OL]. http://asa.163.net.erp
17 杨曼．ERP发展趋势研究．情报科学，2002，9，Vol．20(9)：1002～1004
18 叶娟．ERP发展中的若干集成问题思考．企业经济，2002(9)：81～82
19 刘晓冰，王枫．ERP的发展、现状及展望．2002，3，Vol．5(2)：19～22
20 罗鸿.ERP原理·设计·实施,电子工业出版社
21 M.Verwijmeren, P.Van der Vlist, K.van Donselaar, networked inventory management information systems: Materializing supply chain management, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 26 (6) (1996) 16-31
22 J.W.Forrester, Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1961
23 M.P.Baganha, M.Cohen, The stabilizing effect of inventory in supply chains, Operations Research 46 (3) (1998) S72-S73
24 D.Towill, Industrial dynamics modeling of supply chains, Logistics Information management 9 (1996) 43-56
25 H.L.Lee, V.Padmanabhan, S.Whang, The bullwhip effect in the supply chains, Sloan management Review. 38 (3) (1997) 93-102
26 P.Kelle, A.Milne, The effect of (s, S) ordering policy on the supply chain, International Journal of Production Economics 59 (1999) 113-122
27 J.Wikner, D.R.Towill, M.Nairn, Smoothing supply chain dynamics, International Journal of Production Economics. 22 (1991) 231-248
28 G.H.Stalk, T.M.Hout, Competing against Time, How Time-Based Competition Is Reshaping Global Competition, Free Press, New York, 1990
29 J.D. Blackburn, Time-based Competition: The Next Battleground in American Manufacturing, Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1991
30 S. ErenguK c, A.J. Vakharia, Integrated production/distribution planning in supply chains, European Journal of Operational Research 115 (1999) 219-236
31 C. Forza, Achieving superior operating performance from integrated pipeline management: An empirical study, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 26 (9) (1996) 36-63
32 D.J. Thomas, P.M. Griffin, Coordinated supply chain management, European Journal of Operational Research. 94 (1) (1996) 1-15
33 林晓通，王宁生.企业动态联盟中盟友的模糊综合评价[J].机械设计与制造工程，2002，31(2):81-83
34 赵小惠，赵小苗．基于模糊决策的供应商选择方法[J]．工业工程与管理，2002，4：27～29
35 郑文军，张旭梅，刘飞，张宗益，黄河．虚拟企业合作伙伴评价体系及优化决策[J]．计算机集成制造系统，2000，6(5)：63～67
36 张炳轩，李龙洙，都忠诚．动态供应链合作伙伴的评价体系及其模糊评价方法[J]．天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，21(3)：19～23
37 张跃，邹寿平，宿芬．模糊数学方法及其应用[M]．煤炭工业出版社，1992，21，8～230．
38 Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation (A custom Edition for the University of Tennessee). Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 67～87
39 柴跃廷，韩坚，吴澄．敏捷供需链及其管理[J]．中国机械工程，2000，11(3)：352-355
40 汪定伟等．敏捷制造的ERP及其决策优化．机械工业出版社，2003
41 李玉良，邵新宇，李培根，高亮．CPFR——供应链库存管理技术的新趋势．机械设计与制造工程，2001，5．Vol．30(5)：1～3
42 林勇，马士华．供应链管理环境下供应商的综合评价选择研究．管理现代化[J]，2000，5：30～32
43 M. Puterman, Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Programming, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1994
44 R. L. Sutton, A. G. Barto, Reinforcement Leaning-An Introduction, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998
45 Ilaria Giannoccaro, pierpaolo Pontrandolfo, Inventory management in supply chains: a reinforcement learning approach, int. J. Production Economics. 2002 (78): 153-161
46 Hokey Min, Gengui Zhou. Supply chain modeling: past, present and future. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2002 (43): 231～249
47 邓瑞林，王启富．基于Internet／Intranet的VMI应用模型．重庆大学学报，2003，6，26(6)：25～29
48 项明，严广乐．基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究．现代管理科学，2003，3：56～57
49 黄强等．基于Intranet的库存管理信息系统的设计与实施．计算机工程和应用，2000，9
50 倪东生等．模糊集理论在库存管理中的应用．中国流通经济，1999，3
51 叶宗裕．库存问题的进一步研究．浙江师大学报(自然科学版)，2001，2
52 夏文汇．改进标度AHP在企业物资供应管理中的应用．物流技术，1996(5)
53 Ronald H．Ballou．企业物流管理——供应链大的规划、组织和控制．机械工业出版社，2003
54 王中王．企业资源计划(ERP)理论及应用研究[D]．北京：北京航空航天大学，1999
55 徐晓飞．ERP的技术与应用趋势[EB／OL]．http://www.e-work.net.cn/glxt/erp132.htm，2000—12
56 李新明谈CRM与ERP的发展趋势与整合 [EB/OL]. http://www.e-work.net.cn/glxt/erp247.htm, 2001-01
57 张后启．ERP系统的过去与未来[EB/OL]
58 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
59 Mike Gunderloy，Joseph L．Jorden． SQL Server 2000从入门到精通．电子工业出版社，2001
60 Jim Arlow，Ila Newstadt．UML和统一过程——使用面向对象的分析和设计．机械工业出版社，2003
61 Steve Teixeira，Xavier Pacheco．Delphi5开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．2000
62 Ray Liscbner．Delphi技术手册．中国电力出版社，2001
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |