基于太赫兹波的爆炸物探测技术
摘要
太赫兹(THz,1THz=1012Hz)波在电磁波谱中位于微波和远红外辐射之间,通常所指的频率范围为0.1-10THz,它是电子学向光子学过渡的频段,是有待全面研究的最后一个频率窗口。许多物质在THz波段的光谱包含着丰富的物理和化学信息,因此研究物质在该波段的光谱具有重要意义。近年来,超快光电子技术和低尺度半导体技术的飞速发展,为THz波段提供了稳定的光源及探测手段,促进了THz技术的研究及应用。由于多种爆炸物分子的振动和转动能级谱处于THz频段,利用太赫兹光谱技术可以测得爆炸物的特征吸收光谱,由此识别爆炸物种类,进而分析物质的物理化学特性,为爆炸物的探测提供了一种全新的方法,也使该项技术成为各国的研究重点。
论文第一章介绍了基于THz波的爆炸物探测技术的研究背景、意义及THz波的特性,总结了近年来国内外利用THz技术探测爆炸物的研究情况,并对THz波的产生和探测技术进行了简单介绍。
论文第二章对实验中所使用的THz时域光谱系统的工作原理、THz光谱数据的分析原理及实验样品的制备过程做了详细介绍。
论文第三章给出了5种炸药的THz吸收光谱,并与国内外其他研究机构测得的吸收光谱进行了比较,结果表明测得吸收光谱的谱线走势和吸收峰的峰位基本一致。本课题组也在国际上首次测得了LLM105炸药在0.1-2.5THz的吸收光谱。由于所测光谱存在高频振荡。因此,文中利用小波变换的方法对所测光谱进行了降噪分析,并取得了十分理想的效果。
论文第四章对傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的工作原理进行了详细介绍,对利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术测得了5种炸药THz吸收光谱,并与国外研究机构所测数据进行了对比,结果表明:所测炸药的THz特征吸收峰峰位几乎完全一致。本课题组也在国际上首次测得了这些炸药在21-60THz的THz吸收光谱。
论文第五章总结了本论文所做的工作,并展望了THz技术的发展前景。
Terahertz(THz,1THz=1012Hz)wave band which lies between the microwave and the far-infrared radiation is from 0.1THz to 10THz. It is the transition band from the electronics to the photonics and the last frequency window which needs to be comprehensive investigated. It is very important to study the spectra of materials in THz region since the spectra of many materials contain rich physical and chemical information. In recent years, the rapid growth of the ultrafast optoelectronic technology and the low-scale semiconductor technology provides the stable optical source and detection method for the THz wave band and also promotes the research and application of the THz technology. Because of the vibration and rotation energy levels of many explosives lie in the THz wave band, the characteristic absorption spectra of the explosives which can be detected by the THz technology can be used to analyze the physical and chemistry characteristic. The THz technology provides a brand new detection method and also makes it to be the research emphasis of the world.
The first chapter of this thesis introduces the study background and significance of explosive detection based on the THz spectra technology,and the characteristic of the THz wave. The research status of the domestic and abroad is summarized, and the generation and detection of the THz wave is also simply introduced.
The second chapter introduces the operating principle of the terahertz time-domain spectrum system, the analysis of the THz spectra and the sample preparation principle.
In the third chapter, the THz absorption spectra of 5 kinds of explosives are given. And the author compares them with the other research institutes at home and abroad, the result shows that the tendency of the spectra and the characteristic absorption spectra are almost identical. The author detects the absorption spectra of the explosive LLM105 at 0.1-2.5THz for the first time. Because of the oscillation at the high frequency, the author uses the wavelet transform to eliminate the noise of the spectral and achieve ideal results.
The fourth chapter introduces the operating principle of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and detects the THz absorption spectra of 5 kinds of explosives. Then, the author compares them with the other research institutes at home and abroad, the result shows that the tendency of the spectra and the characteristic absorption spectra are almost identical. At the same time, the author detects the absorption spectra of these explosive at 21-60THz for the first time.
The fifth chapter concludes the work of the thesis and looks forward to the future of the THz spectra technology.
论文第一章介绍了基于THz波的爆炸物探测技术的研究背景、意义及THz波的特性,总结了近年来国内外利用THz技术探测爆炸物的研究情况,并对THz波的产生和探测技术进行了简单介绍。
论文第二章对实验中所使用的THz时域光谱系统的工作原理、THz光谱数据的分析原理及实验样品的制备过程做了详细介绍。
论文第三章给出了5种炸药的THz吸收光谱,并与国内外其他研究机构测得的吸收光谱进行了比较,结果表明测得吸收光谱的谱线走势和吸收峰的峰位基本一致。本课题组也在国际上首次测得了LLM105炸药在0.1-2.5THz的吸收光谱。由于所测光谱存在高频振荡。因此,文中利用小波变换的方法对所测光谱进行了降噪分析,并取得了十分理想的效果。
论文第四章对傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的工作原理进行了详细介绍,对利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术测得了5种炸药THz吸收光谱,并与国外研究机构所测数据进行了对比,结果表明:所测炸药的THz特征吸收峰峰位几乎完全一致。本课题组也在国际上首次测得了这些炸药在21-60THz的THz吸收光谱。
论文第五章总结了本论文所做的工作,并展望了THz技术的发展前景。
Terahertz(THz,1THz=1012Hz)wave band which lies between the microwave and the far-infrared radiation is from 0.1THz to 10THz. It is the transition band from the electronics to the photonics and the last frequency window which needs to be comprehensive investigated. It is very important to study the spectra of materials in THz region since the spectra of many materials contain rich physical and chemical information. In recent years, the rapid growth of the ultrafast optoelectronic technology and the low-scale semiconductor technology provides the stable optical source and detection method for the THz wave band and also promotes the research and application of the THz technology. Because of the vibration and rotation energy levels of many explosives lie in the THz wave band, the characteristic absorption spectra of the explosives which can be detected by the THz technology can be used to analyze the physical and chemistry characteristic. The THz technology provides a brand new detection method and also makes it to be the research emphasis of the world.
The first chapter of this thesis introduces the study background and significance of explosive detection based on the THz spectra technology,and the characteristic of the THz wave. The research status of the domestic and abroad is summarized, and the generation and detection of the THz wave is also simply introduced.
The second chapter introduces the operating principle of the terahertz time-domain spectrum system, the analysis of the THz spectra and the sample preparation principle.
In the third chapter, the THz absorption spectra of 5 kinds of explosives are given. And the author compares them with the other research institutes at home and abroad, the result shows that the tendency of the spectra and the characteristic absorption spectra are almost identical. The author detects the absorption spectra of the explosive LLM105 at 0.1-2.5THz for the first time. Because of the oscillation at the high frequency, the author uses the wavelet transform to eliminate the noise of the spectral and achieve ideal results.
The fourth chapter introduces the operating principle of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and detects the THz absorption spectra of 5 kinds of explosives. Then, the author compares them with the other research institutes at home and abroad, the result shows that the tendency of the spectra and the characteristic absorption spectra are almost identical. At the same time, the author detects the absorption spectra of these explosive at 21-60THz for the first time.
The fifth chapter concludes the work of the thesis and looks forward to the future of the THz spectra technology.
引文
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[2]刘盛纲,姚建铨,张杰,等.太赫兹科学技术的新发展[R].北京,2005.
[3]王高,周汉昌,姚宝岱,徐德刚,姚建铨.爆炸物太赫兹光谱探测技术研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展. 2011, 48. 1:013001.
[4]Matthew B. Campbell and Edwin J. Heilweil. Non-invasive detection of weapons of mass destruction using THz radiation [J]. SPIE. 2003, 5070: 38-43.
[5] Hai-Bo Liu; Hua Zhong; Karpowicz, N.; Yunqing Chen; Xi-Cheng Zhang. Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging for Defense and Security Applications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2007, 95. 8: 1514– 1527.
[6]Yunqing Chen, Haibo Liu, Yanqing Deng, Dunja Schauki, Micheal J. Fitch, Robert Osiander, Caroline Dodson, James B. Spicer, Michael Shur, X. -C. Zhang. THz spectroscopic investigation of 2, 4-dinitrotoluene[J]. Chemical Physics Letters. 2004, 400: 357-361
[7]Yunqing Chen, Haibo Liu, X. -C. Zhang. Experiment and density function theory study on THz spectra of 4-NT and 2, 6-DNT[J]. International Journal of High Speed Electronic and System. 2007, 17. 2: 283-291
[8]Hua Zhong, Albert Redo-Sanchez, and Xi-Cheng Zhang. Standoff sensing and imaging of explosive related chemical and bio-chemical materials using THz-TDS[J]. International Journal of High Speed Electronic and System. 2007, 17. 2: 239-249
[9]Feng Huang, Brian Schulkin, Hakan Altan, John F. Federici, and Dale Gary. Terahertz study of 1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine by time-domain and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2004, 85. 23: 5535-5537.
[10]John F. Federici, Dale Gary, Robert Barat, and David Zimdars. THz Standoff Detection and Imaging of Explosives and Weapons[C]. SPIE. 2005, 5781, 75.
[11]Alexander Sinyukov, Ivan Zorych, Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou, Dale Gary , Robert Barat, and John F. Federici. Detection of explosives by Terahertz synthetic aperture imaging—focusing and spectral classification[J]. C.R.Physique. 2008, 9. 2: 248–261.
[12]M.R. Leahy-Hoppa, M.J. Fitch, X. Zheng, L.M. Hayden, and R. Osiander. Wideband terahertz spectroscopy of explosives[J]. Chemical Physics Letters. 2007, 434: 227–230.
[13]Megan R. Leahy-Hoppa, Michael J. Fitch, and Robert Osiander. Terahertz spectroscopy techniques for explosives detection [J]. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009, 395: 247–257.
[14]Michael J. Fitch, Megan R. Leahy-Hoppa, Edward W. Ott, and Robert Osiander. Molecular absorption cross-section and absolute absorptivity in the THz frequency range for the explosives TNT, RDX, HMX, and PETN[J]. Chemical Physics Letters. 2007, 443: 284–288.
[15]Damian G. Allis, J. Axel Zeitler, Philip F. Taday, and Timothy M. Korter. Theoretical analysis of the solid-state terahertz spectrum of the high explosive RDX[J]. Chemical Physics Letters . 2008, 463: 84–89.
[16] Robert J. Foltynowicz, Ronald E. Allman, Eric Zuckerman. Terahertz absorption measurement for gas-phase2,4-dinitrotoluene from 0.05 THz to 2.7 THz[J]. Chemical Physics Letters. 2006, 431: 34–38.
[17]J. Hooper, E. Mitchel, and C. Konek, J. Wilkinson. Terahertz optical properties of the high explosive b-HMX[J]. Chemical Physics Letters. 2009, 467: 309–312.
[18]Joseph S. Melinger, N. Laman, and D. Grischkowsky. The underlying terahertz vibrational spectrum of explosives solids[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2008, 93. 011102: 1-3.
[19]N. Laman,S. Sree Harsha, D. Grischkowsky, and Joseph S. Melinger. 7 GHz resolution waveguide THz spectroscopy of explosives related solids showing new features[J]. OPTICS EXPRESS. 2008, 16. 6: 4094-4015.
[20]石小溪,赵国忠.爆炸性物质的太赫兹(THz)光谱分析[J].现代科学仪器. 2006, 2: 48-50.
[21]冯瑞姝,孟田华.爆炸物太赫兹谱的研究[J].山西大同大学学报(自然版) . 2009, 25. 1: 25-27.
[22]唐前进,邵杰.远距离爆炸物探测技术的研究与应用[J].中国安防. 2009, 9: 40-45.
[23]冯瑞姝,徐栩.利用太赫兹时域光谱对RDX及RDX相关混合炸药进行检测的实验研究[J].大庆师范学院学报. 2009, 29. 3: 99-101.
[24]牧凯军.爆炸物的太赫兹光谱研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2008.
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