基于生态环境改善的太子河水库群联合调度研究
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摘要
水资源过度开发与废污水超标准排放使河流水质恶化,生态环境受到严重破坏。在进行水污染治理的同时,非工程措施的合理运用是改善河流生态环境的有效方式之一。针对太子河流域枯水期河道水质比较差的特点,以观音阁水库至葠窝水库区间河段为研究对象,在控制污染源的基础上,开展考虑河道生态环境改善的水库群联合调度方式研究。通过改进观音阁和葠窝水库的现行调度方式,在满足防洪要求的前提下,优化太子河干流的年内水量分配过程,利用水库的调蓄作用增加河道枯水期的水量,进而降低枯水期特征污染物浓度,改善河流枯水期的水环境质量。主要研究内容如下：
(1)对太子河流域的兴利用水情况以及研究区范围内的污染现状进行了分析,并针对太子河流域水资源短缺、水环境污染严重的特点,分析计算了观音阁和葠窝水库下游河道的最小生态环境需水量。确定的最小生态需水量可以维持河道的基本形态和基本生态功能,避免经济用水严重挤占河流生态环境用水,为减轻水库对下游生态环境的不利影响提供了依据。
(2)根据计算基准年主要特征污染物排放量,利用观音阁和葠窝水库近期的来水及用水资料,以河流枯水期水环境质量改善为目标,制定了两座水库在现状用水条件下的联合调度方案,用于指导观音阁和葠窝水库近期的实际运行。在保证下游河道内最小生态环境用水,并且不降低丰水期水质类别的前提下,使研究河段枯水期的水环境容量得到较大提高。
(3)结合水库实际运行资料,分析研究了太子河流域的农业用水规律。在综合考虑观音阁水库和浑河大伙房水库灌溉期蓄水量的基础上,确定了葠窝水库的农业供水量大小。通过建立观音阁和葠窝水库联合调度模型,制定了多个可行的调度方案。在选取方案评价指标并计算目标权重后,利用多目标模糊优选模型从可行调度方案中选出了满意调度方案。在此基础上,分析确定了观音阁和葠窝水库考虑生态环境改善的联合调度规则,为决策者进行水库兴利调度提供了参考。
最后,对全文内容进行了总结,并对有待进一步深入研究的问题进行了展望。
Water resources over-exploitation and waste water excess emissions lead to the deterioration of water quality, causing river ecological environment severely damaged. Based on pollutants discharge controlled, utilizing of non-engineering measures is one of the effective methods to improve river eco-environment capacity. In view of the poor water quality of Taizihe basin during dry seasons, reservoir group joint operation for river ecological environment improvement is studied in this paper, taking the reach between Guanyinge reservoir and Shenwo reservoir as research object. On the premise of flood control safety, river runoff process is adjusted by optimizing the current operation mode of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs. Then, with dry season water quantity of downstream increased, the concentration of characteristic pollutant is reduced, therefore, water environment quality of dry seasons is improved. The main contents are as follows:
(1) Current water consumption and pollution situation of Taizihe basin are analyzed in this paper. According to the shortage and serious pollution of Taizihe basin water resources, the minimum ecological environment water demand for downstream channels of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs is calculated, which can maintain the basic channel morphology and ecological function of Taizihe river, avoiding eco-environmental water occupied by economic water seriously. It can also provide valuable reference for mitigating the adverse effect that reservoirs bring to downstream channels.
(2) Based on the characteristic pollutant discharge of datum year, using the recent inflow and water consumption data of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs, joint operation scheme that aiming at dry season water quality improvement is given, which can guide the practical operation for the two reservoirs. With the minimum eco-environmental water of downstream channel meted, dry season water environmental capacity of the study area is increased greatly, without reducing the water quality grade of wet season.
(3) Referring to the actual data of Hun-Tai basin reservoirs, agricultural water law of Taizihe basin is analyzed. Combined with the water storage of Guanyinge and Dahuofang reservoirs during irrigation period, Shenwo reservoir agricultural water supply is determined in this paper. With joint operation model established, several feasible scheduling schemes are given. After the Determination of Evaluation Index and objective weight, multi-objective fuzzy optimization mode is used to get Satisfying scheme. On the basis of this, joint operation rules of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs for eco-environment improvement are proposed, which has valuable reference for reservoir managers.
Finally, a summary is given for this paper, and some problems that need to be further studied are discussed.
(1)对太子河流域的兴利用水情况以及研究区范围内的污染现状进行了分析,并针对太子河流域水资源短缺、水环境污染严重的特点,分析计算了观音阁和葠窝水库下游河道的最小生态环境需水量。确定的最小生态需水量可以维持河道的基本形态和基本生态功能,避免经济用水严重挤占河流生态环境用水,为减轻水库对下游生态环境的不利影响提供了依据。
(2)根据计算基准年主要特征污染物排放量,利用观音阁和葠窝水库近期的来水及用水资料,以河流枯水期水环境质量改善为目标,制定了两座水库在现状用水条件下的联合调度方案,用于指导观音阁和葠窝水库近期的实际运行。在保证下游河道内最小生态环境用水,并且不降低丰水期水质类别的前提下,使研究河段枯水期的水环境容量得到较大提高。
(3)结合水库实际运行资料,分析研究了太子河流域的农业用水规律。在综合考虑观音阁水库和浑河大伙房水库灌溉期蓄水量的基础上,确定了葠窝水库的农业供水量大小。通过建立观音阁和葠窝水库联合调度模型,制定了多个可行的调度方案。在选取方案评价指标并计算目标权重后,利用多目标模糊优选模型从可行调度方案中选出了满意调度方案。在此基础上,分析确定了观音阁和葠窝水库考虑生态环境改善的联合调度规则,为决策者进行水库兴利调度提供了参考。
最后,对全文内容进行了总结,并对有待进一步深入研究的问题进行了展望。
Water resources over-exploitation and waste water excess emissions lead to the deterioration of water quality, causing river ecological environment severely damaged. Based on pollutants discharge controlled, utilizing of non-engineering measures is one of the effective methods to improve river eco-environment capacity. In view of the poor water quality of Taizihe basin during dry seasons, reservoir group joint operation for river ecological environment improvement is studied in this paper, taking the reach between Guanyinge reservoir and Shenwo reservoir as research object. On the premise of flood control safety, river runoff process is adjusted by optimizing the current operation mode of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs. Then, with dry season water quantity of downstream increased, the concentration of characteristic pollutant is reduced, therefore, water environment quality of dry seasons is improved. The main contents are as follows:
(1) Current water consumption and pollution situation of Taizihe basin are analyzed in this paper. According to the shortage and serious pollution of Taizihe basin water resources, the minimum ecological environment water demand for downstream channels of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs is calculated, which can maintain the basic channel morphology and ecological function of Taizihe river, avoiding eco-environmental water occupied by economic water seriously. It can also provide valuable reference for mitigating the adverse effect that reservoirs bring to downstream channels.
(2) Based on the characteristic pollutant discharge of datum year, using the recent inflow and water consumption data of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs, joint operation scheme that aiming at dry season water quality improvement is given, which can guide the practical operation for the two reservoirs. With the minimum eco-environmental water of downstream channel meted, dry season water environmental capacity of the study area is increased greatly, without reducing the water quality grade of wet season.
(3) Referring to the actual data of Hun-Tai basin reservoirs, agricultural water law of Taizihe basin is analyzed. Combined with the water storage of Guanyinge and Dahuofang reservoirs during irrigation period, Shenwo reservoir agricultural water supply is determined in this paper. With joint operation model established, several feasible scheduling schemes are given. After the Determination of Evaluation Index and objective weight, multi-objective fuzzy optimization mode is used to get Satisfying scheme. On the basis of this, joint operation rules of Guanyinge and Shenwo reservoirs for eco-environment improvement are proposed, which has valuable reference for reservoir managers.
Finally, a summary is given for this paper, and some problems that need to be further studied are discussed.
引文
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