北京地铁九号线三维地质建模研究
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摘要
伴随着城市化进程脚步的加快,城市人口密度日趋增大,交通拥挤的问题接踵而至。北京作为我国首都,城市发达、经济繁荣,人口高度集中,空间的拥挤、交通的阻塞等问题已经严重影响了城市功能和城市的健康发展。地铁作为一种快速、正点、安全的交通工具应运而生。为保证地铁建设、运输工作能够安全有效的进行,深入、全面地了解沿线工程地质条件成为一个亟待解决的问题。
三维地质建模是利用建模软件将地质体的空间几何特征与其物理力学特征结合为一体并通过三维可视化技术具体形象地表现出来。该方法改进了传统勘察工作二维、静态、定性的研究方式,为工程地质工作者分析并研究工程地质现象、发现并掌握岩土体分布和力学性质变化规律等提供直观、准确、动态的新方法。
本次研究以代表国际先进技术的专业三维地质建模软件GOCAD(Geological Object Computer Aided Design)为平台,以克里金插值和DIS离散光滑曲线插值为技术核心,结合多项工程的勘察资料,建立了北京市地铁九号线北京西客站到丰台科技园站及线路两侧40m范围内地质体的三维地质模型,经模型检验,证明了模型的准确性和可行性,以三维图像的形式动态的、真实的展现了该研究区的地层分布和力学性质变化规律。同时利用任意切面技术对模型地表下3m、6m和标高22m、33m处进行了切割,以切面的形式直观、清晰的展示了各深度处的岩性分布特征,并进行了分析和评价,为该研究区内的多层和高层建筑地基评价提供了参考依据并对北京市地铁9号线的现场工作起到了指导作用。此次研究成功的将二维、分散的原始资料转化为了三维、综合的数字化信息,实现了地质信息可视化,真实、准确的展现了研究区内的各项地质特征,将传统的定性分析方式转化为定量分析,为研究区内工程地质条件的的评价提供了更准确、更直观的地质信息依据。同时三维网格模型的建立实现了研究区内任意点地质信息的查询,便于对研究区地质信息的更新,且网格数据可以多种格式输出,为其他软件所利用,减少了下一步研究的工作量。
With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the urban population density is increasing with the problem of heavy traffic following. Beijing as the capital of my country, city developed, economic prosperity, population highly centralized, the space crowded, and traffic block has severely affected the urban function and the healthy development of the city. To ensure the subway construction and transport work can safe and effective, in-depth and comprehensive understanding of engineering geological conditions to become a problem to be solved.
The 3D geological modeling of complex engineering geological body that is combining physical mechanics characteristic and geometric features to geological-mass space by using modeling software is use to show its specific image by 3D visualization technology. The technology improved traditional survey of the two-dimensional, static, qualitative research methods, which provides the new methods for engineering geological workers who can directly、precisely and dynamically analysis and research engineering geology phenomenon, discovered and master geotechnical body distribution and mechanics law.
Papers using 3D Geological modeling software GOCAD (Geological Object Computer Aided Design) which represents international advanced technology professional as a platform, using kriging and discrete smooth interpolation(DSI) as the core technology, merging together much engineering survey data ,established the 3D Geological structure mainland Geological model and three-dimensional Geological parameter model of Beijing subway line 9 from Beijing west railway station to Fengtai science park station and also includes 40m range on both sides. Using 3D images form that dynamically and really show the strata distribution and mechanical properties changing rule at studied area, and proved the accuracy and feasibility of the models through the model testing. The paper using the GOCAD software provided any dissection technology got 3m、6m below the surface of model and elevation 22m, 33m cutting the geological modeling in order to intuitive and clearly show each section lithology,deformation and strength characteristics, then analyzed and evaluated the features, provided a reference basis for the future foundation evaluation research of multi-layer and high-rise building in this region and played a guiding role in live work of Beijing subway line 9.
This study successfully complot the transformation from 2D scattered primitive information to 3D integrated digital information, realized the geological information visualization, the geological characteristics of the study area are showed truly and accurately. Easy to query and upgrade the geological information, and transformed the traditional qualitative analysis into quantitative analysis research, provided a more accurate and more intuitive geological information basis for the evaluation of the engineering geological conditions. Meanwhile, as the 3D mesh model construction, realized the geological information query for the arbitrary point, and the grid information can output multiple formats data, which provides convenient for other software to help the further research work.
三维地质建模是利用建模软件将地质体的空间几何特征与其物理力学特征结合为一体并通过三维可视化技术具体形象地表现出来。该方法改进了传统勘察工作二维、静态、定性的研究方式,为工程地质工作者分析并研究工程地质现象、发现并掌握岩土体分布和力学性质变化规律等提供直观、准确、动态的新方法。
本次研究以代表国际先进技术的专业三维地质建模软件GOCAD(Geological Object Computer Aided Design)为平台,以克里金插值和DIS离散光滑曲线插值为技术核心,结合多项工程的勘察资料,建立了北京市地铁九号线北京西客站到丰台科技园站及线路两侧40m范围内地质体的三维地质模型,经模型检验,证明了模型的准确性和可行性,以三维图像的形式动态的、真实的展现了该研究区的地层分布和力学性质变化规律。同时利用任意切面技术对模型地表下3m、6m和标高22m、33m处进行了切割,以切面的形式直观、清晰的展示了各深度处的岩性分布特征,并进行了分析和评价,为该研究区内的多层和高层建筑地基评价提供了参考依据并对北京市地铁9号线的现场工作起到了指导作用。此次研究成功的将二维、分散的原始资料转化为了三维、综合的数字化信息,实现了地质信息可视化,真实、准确的展现了研究区内的各项地质特征,将传统的定性分析方式转化为定量分析,为研究区内工程地质条件的的评价提供了更准确、更直观的地质信息依据。同时三维网格模型的建立实现了研究区内任意点地质信息的查询,便于对研究区地质信息的更新,且网格数据可以多种格式输出,为其他软件所利用,减少了下一步研究的工作量。
With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the urban population density is increasing with the problem of heavy traffic following. Beijing as the capital of my country, city developed, economic prosperity, population highly centralized, the space crowded, and traffic block has severely affected the urban function and the healthy development of the city. To ensure the subway construction and transport work can safe and effective, in-depth and comprehensive understanding of engineering geological conditions to become a problem to be solved.
The 3D geological modeling of complex engineering geological body that is combining physical mechanics characteristic and geometric features to geological-mass space by using modeling software is use to show its specific image by 3D visualization technology. The technology improved traditional survey of the two-dimensional, static, qualitative research methods, which provides the new methods for engineering geological workers who can directly、precisely and dynamically analysis and research engineering geology phenomenon, discovered and master geotechnical body distribution and mechanics law.
Papers using 3D Geological modeling software GOCAD (Geological Object Computer Aided Design) which represents international advanced technology professional as a platform, using kriging and discrete smooth interpolation(DSI) as the core technology, merging together much engineering survey data ,established the 3D Geological structure mainland Geological model and three-dimensional Geological parameter model of Beijing subway line 9 from Beijing west railway station to Fengtai science park station and also includes 40m range on both sides. Using 3D images form that dynamically and really show the strata distribution and mechanical properties changing rule at studied area, and proved the accuracy and feasibility of the models through the model testing. The paper using the GOCAD software provided any dissection technology got 3m、6m below the surface of model and elevation 22m, 33m cutting the geological modeling in order to intuitive and clearly show each section lithology,deformation and strength characteristics, then analyzed and evaluated the features, provided a reference basis for the future foundation evaluation research of multi-layer and high-rise building in this region and played a guiding role in live work of Beijing subway line 9.
This study successfully complot the transformation from 2D scattered primitive information to 3D integrated digital information, realized the geological information visualization, the geological characteristics of the study area are showed truly and accurately. Easy to query and upgrade the geological information, and transformed the traditional qualitative analysis into quantitative analysis research, provided a more accurate and more intuitive geological information basis for the evaluation of the engineering geological conditions. Meanwhile, as the 3D mesh model construction, realized the geological information query for the arbitrary point, and the grid information can output multiple formats data, which provides convenient for other software to help the further research work.
引文
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White N, Lovell B. Measuring the pluse of a plume with the sedimentary record. Nature,1997. 387: 888-891
Wu, Q, et al. An approach to computer modeling and visualization of geological faults in 3D. Computers &Geosciences, 2003,29 (4), 507–513.
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Jessell M. Three-dimension geological modeling of potential-field data Computer &Geosciences, 2001. 27(4): 455-465
Jianya Gong, Penggen Cheng. Three-dimensional modeling and application in geological exploration engineering, Computers & geosciences, 2004. 30 ( 4 ): 391 X04
Lam N.S. Spatial interpolation methods: a review. The American Cartographer, 1983, 10(2):129-149
MALLET J L. Discrete smooth interpolation .ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1989, 8(2): 121-144
MARCUS A. Development of a 3D GIS based on the 3D modeler GOCAD.IAMG Meeting,2001.256-268
Mark Jessell. Three-dimensional geological modeling of potential-field data. Computers &Geosciences, May 2001. 27(4): 455-465
Pilouk Morakot, Klaus Tempfli, Martine Mokena. A Tetrahedron-Based 3D Vector Data Model for Geo-information. Spatial Data Modeling and Language for 2D and 3D Application. Sylvia De Hoop, 1994, 129-140
Pitark. A 3D elastic finite-difference modeling of seismic motion using staggered grids with no uniform spacing. BSSA, 1999, 89 : 54-68
Qiang Wu, Hua Xu. An effective method for 3D geological modeling with multi-source data integration. Computers & geosciences, 2005. 31(5):35-43
Rongxing Li. Data structures and application issues in 3D geographic information systems . GEOMA TICA , 1994 , 48(3) : 209~224
SHENDY,MAAN ,L IN H ,et al. A new approach for simulating water erosion on hill slopes. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2003 ,24 (14):2819– 2835
Wang Hongzhen, Shi Xiaoying, et al. Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Changes in China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996. 7(1) (Special Issue): 1-12
White N, Lovell B. Measuring the pluse of a plume with the sedimentary record. Nature,1997. 387: 888-891
Wu, Q, et al. An approach to computer modeling and visualization of geological faults in 3D. Computers &Geosciences, 2003,29 (4), 507–513.
陈果.呼和浩特市赛罕区地层描述及三维地质建模:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
陈红艺,吕维先,唐仲华.地层模型三维可视化建模及应用.黑龙江科技学院学报,2005,15(3):174-178
陈洁.丰予井田三维地质可视化模型研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
陈军,蒋捷.多维动态GIS的空间数据建模、处理与分析.武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(3):189-195
戴吾蛟,邹峥嵘.基于体素的三维GIS数据模型的研究.矿山测量,2001, (1) : 20-22
党增明,胡建平.基于钻孔数据的三维地层建模软件的实现.天津城市建设学院学报,2008,14(1):60-63
董梅,慎乃齐,胡辉,等.基于GOCAD的三维地质模型构建方法.桂林工学院学报,2008,28(2):188-192
富晓凇,基于三维地层建模的城市活断层探测研究——以河北省邯郸市为例:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
高明忠,谢和平,李洪,董建华.基于GIS的地层剖面图形生成技术.岩土力学,2006(10)
李三忠,周立宏,刘建,等.华北板块东部新生代断裂构造特征与盆地成因.海洋地质与第四纪地质.2004. 24 (3): 57-66
李树德.活动断层分段研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),1999, 35 ( 6 ) : 768-773
李亦纲,漳州及其邻区三维构造建模与强地面运动预测. [博士学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2005
刘军旗,毛小平,孙秀萍.基于GeoView三维地质建模的一般过程.工程地质计算机应用,2006,4:1-4
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