摘要
本论文通过国家藻华973项目2010年春季航次MC2010-1和MC2010-2及国家自然基金共享航次现场调查和实验室藻体培养实验,测定了2010年4月、5月、6月、10月东海海水和围隔试验中游离态2-苯基乙胺、腐胺、亚精胺和精胺含量,中肋骨条藻生长过程中体内和体外游离态多胺的变化,对实验室和现场观察到的现象进行了深入分析,得到了以下结论:
腐胺和亚精胺是我们检测到的中肋骨条藻体内的主要游离态多胺。藻体内游离态多胺浓度在培养过程中浓度一直增加,且在消亡期增长率更大。腐胺/亚精胺与藻密度有较好的相关性(R2 = 0.9972),可较好地反应细胞周期的变化。精胺/亚精胺先于藻密度的变化,符合多胺对细胞生长的调节模式。培养液中主要的游离态多胺为腐胺和亚精胺,藻体在生长过程中既可以从环境中吸收多胺,也可以向环境中释放多胺,消亡期藻体会释放大量多胺。
2010年4、5月份海水中精胺的含量最高,亚精胺最低。在赤潮爆发的断面,4种游离态多胺的浓度大都较高。5月份腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的总体水平与4月份相比均有所下降,且垂直分布不同,但组成比例变化不大。5月份腐胺和精胺的大面分布和叶绿素a较为相似。腐胺和精胺可能在赤潮的演替中发挥着重要作用。围隔实验发现,盐度的变化,硝氮、氨氮和磷酸盐的添加比例及添加方式均会对藻体的生长造成影响,进而影响水体中多胺的浓度。
2010年6月份海水中腐胺的含量最高,浓度为5.16～62.28 nmol/L,占总组成的比例为62%±15%。亚精胺的含量最低,浓度为0～6.98 nmol/L,占总组成的比例为6%±5%。从大面分布看,4种多胺在长江口和杭州湾附近浓度大都较高。从各断面的垂直分布看,2-苯基乙胺、亚精胺和精胺在大多数断面的中层浓度均高于底层浓度。腐胺在大多数断面的底层浓度高于表层浓度。夜光藻赤潮爆发处多胺的浓度相对较高。
2010年10月份东海主要的游离态多胺浓度为亚精胺和腐胺,分别占到比例组成的43%±15%和37%±15%。从大面分布看,多胺的高值出现在杭州湾及长江口附近的赤潮高发区。从各断面的垂直分布看,2-苯基乙胺在大多数断面的中层浓度大于表层浓度,腐胺在大多数断面的表层浓度大于中层浓度;亚精胺在所有断面的底层浓度大于表层浓度,精胺在大多数断面的中层浓度最高。
Based on the survey of MC2010-01 and MC2010-02 and alage cultivation experiments, we used HPLC measured the contents of free free 2-Phenylethylamine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in waters collected in East China Sea in April, May, June and October, and Changes in intracellular and extracellular free putrescine, spermidine, and spermine during the growth cycle of Skeletonema costatum were also studied.
Putrescine and spermidine were the main intracellular free polyamines detected in Skeletonema costatum. The intracellular concentration of free polyamines kept increasing during the growth cycle and the ratio of putrescine to spermidine increased with cell density. Changes in the ratios of spermine/spermidine in Skeletonema costatum, however, occurred before changes in cell density, suggesting that polyamines can regulate cell growth and replication. Putrescine was the most abundant free polyamine in the culture medium, followed by spermidine and spermine. Changes to the media polyamines contents implied that Skeletonema costatum could absorb free polyamines from the culture solution as well as release free polyamines into the medium during different growth periods, especially during the decline phase. These results suggest that masses of dead algae in the population decline phase would release abundant free polyamines into the environment.
Spermine and putrescine were the main polyamine in seawater in April and May and the concentration of spermidine was the lowest. Most polyamines concentrations were high where the red tide occurred. The concentrations of free putrescine, spermidine and spermine in May were all lower than that of in April and vertical distributions were different, but the composition proportion of polyamines did not change significantly. The horizontal distribution of putrescine and spermine on May were the same to that of chlorophyll a. Putrescine and spermine might have an important role in the red tide succession. The contents of salinity, NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P all got influences on the growth of the alage, which induces changes of free polyamines contents in seawater.
Putrescine was the main polyamine in seawater in June with the concentration changed from 5.16 nmol/L to 62.28 nmol/L, accounting for 62%±15% of overall. Spermidine was the lowest with the concentration changed from undetectable to 6.98 nmol/L, accounting for 6%±5% of overall. Most polyamines concentrations were high near the Changjiang River Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay. Higher concentrations of 2-Phenylethylamine, spermidine, and spermine in middle layer than in bottom layer, and higher contents of putrescine in bottom layer than in surface layer were detcted in most sections. Polyamine concentrations were higher where the red tide of Noctiluca scintillans occurred.
Spermidine and putrescine was the main polyamine in seawater in October, accounting for 43%±15% and 37%±15% of overall. Most polyamines concentrations were high near the Hangzhou Bay and Changjiang River Estuary. Higher concentrations of 2-Phenylethylamine in middle layer than in bottom layer, and higher contents of putrescine in surface layer than in middle layer, and higher contents of spermidine in bottom layer than in surface layer were detcted in most sections. Spermine got the highest contents in Middle layers in most sections.
引文
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