藏南岗巴强东地区白垩纪晚期有孔虫动物群研究
|
摘要
白垩纪是地质历史中的一个极为特殊的时期,介于侏罗纪和古近纪之间,是中生代的最后一个纪。在白垩纪时期,无论是无机界还是有机界都经历了重要变革,发生了众多重大地质事件。因此,白垩纪被认为是地史时期地球系统研究的典型范例时期。
在西藏南部,我国的海相白垩纪地层广泛分布在特提斯—喜马拉雅带。从上世纪初开始,国外学者开始对这一地区加大研究力度。新中国成立之后,我国逐步建立起详细的地层系统。但随着国外相关研究精度的提高以及新技术的不断出现,有必要重新对藏南海相白垩系地层进行高精度的浮游有孔虫生物地层研究。
本次研究在强东剖面中采集的样品中获得大量的有孔虫化石,共鉴定出有孔虫有58属、121种。其中浮游类型属有15个,浮游类型种有74个;底栖类型属有43个;底栖类型种有47个。根据强东剖面有孔虫的特征,参考白垩纪浮游有孔虫标准化石带,并通过与西藏特提斯其它地区资料的对比,本文对强东剖面进行了有孔虫化石带的划分,共识别出11个有孔虫化石带,自下而上分别是Rotalipora subticinensis,R. ticinensis带,R. appenninica带,R. reicheli带,R. cushmani带,Whiteinella archeocretacea带,Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica带,Marginotruncana sigali带,Dicarinella primitiva带,D. concavata带,D. asymetrica带,Globotruncanita elevata带,Globotruncana ventricosa带。
结合前人的研究成果,并通过与其它地区进行对比,本文初步建立起研究区的有孔虫生物地层序列,从而为研究西藏特提斯洋的演化过程及期间发生的重大地质事件打下了一个较好的基础。最后,本文根据浮游有孔虫化石鉴定结果试对西藏定日地区晚白垩世古地理演化进行了探讨。
The Cretaceous is a special period between Jurassic and Paleogene in the geological history. A significant change happened in organic and inorganic world during Cretaecous,aacompanying with many major geological events. Therefore,the Cretaceous period was considered as a classical example for earth system research of geologic history period. The Cretaceous marine strata are well exposed in South Tibet and the stratigraphic framework has been established. With the improvement of related research resolution overseas and accumulation of plenty of new date are the necessity and importance of high precision planktonic foraminiferabiostratigraphic research is gradually increasing.
In this work,aboundant foraminiferal fossils have been gained from the samples of the Qiangdong section of Gamba. Identified plantic foraminifera include 15 genus and 74 species,and benthic foraminiferas include 43 genus and 47 species. According to the distributional character of the foraminiferal fossils from the Qiangdong section,comparising them with the foraminiferal data from other areas of Tibetan Himalaya,eleven foraminiferal zones are established from the Qiangdong section,which are Rotalipora subticinensis,R. ticinensis,R. appenninica,R. reicheli,R. cushmani,Whiteinella archeocretacea,Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica,Marginotruncana sigali,Dicarinella primitiva,D. concavata,D. asymetrica,Globotruncanita elevata,and Globotruncana ventricosa zones.
Comparising the research about this paper and other predecessors' achievements in this area,we can establish the relatively complete spatio-temporal framework for research,thus defining the late cretaceous' stratum. The formation boundary for other accurately dividing and global contrast to lay a solid foundation.
在西藏南部,我国的海相白垩纪地层广泛分布在特提斯—喜马拉雅带。从上世纪初开始,国外学者开始对这一地区加大研究力度。新中国成立之后,我国逐步建立起详细的地层系统。但随着国外相关研究精度的提高以及新技术的不断出现,有必要重新对藏南海相白垩系地层进行高精度的浮游有孔虫生物地层研究。
本次研究在强东剖面中采集的样品中获得大量的有孔虫化石,共鉴定出有孔虫有58属、121种。其中浮游类型属有15个,浮游类型种有74个;底栖类型属有43个;底栖类型种有47个。根据强东剖面有孔虫的特征,参考白垩纪浮游有孔虫标准化石带,并通过与西藏特提斯其它地区资料的对比,本文对强东剖面进行了有孔虫化石带的划分,共识别出11个有孔虫化石带,自下而上分别是Rotalipora subticinensis,R. ticinensis带,R. appenninica带,R. reicheli带,R. cushmani带,Whiteinella archeocretacea带,Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica带,Marginotruncana sigali带,Dicarinella primitiva带,D. concavata带,D. asymetrica带,Globotruncanita elevata带,Globotruncana ventricosa带。
结合前人的研究成果,并通过与其它地区进行对比,本文初步建立起研究区的有孔虫生物地层序列,从而为研究西藏特提斯洋的演化过程及期间发生的重大地质事件打下了一个较好的基础。最后,本文根据浮游有孔虫化石鉴定结果试对西藏定日地区晚白垩世古地理演化进行了探讨。
The Cretaceous is a special period between Jurassic and Paleogene in the geological history. A significant change happened in organic and inorganic world during Cretaecous,aacompanying with many major geological events. Therefore,the Cretaceous period was considered as a classical example for earth system research of geologic history period. The Cretaceous marine strata are well exposed in South Tibet and the stratigraphic framework has been established. With the improvement of related research resolution overseas and accumulation of plenty of new date are the necessity and importance of high precision planktonic foraminiferabiostratigraphic research is gradually increasing.
In this work,aboundant foraminiferal fossils have been gained from the samples of the Qiangdong section of Gamba. Identified plantic foraminifera include 15 genus and 74 species,and benthic foraminiferas include 43 genus and 47 species. According to the distributional character of the foraminiferal fossils from the Qiangdong section,comparising them with the foraminiferal data from other areas of Tibetan Himalaya,eleven foraminiferal zones are established from the Qiangdong section,which are Rotalipora subticinensis,R. ticinensis,R. appenninica,R. reicheli,R. cushmani,Whiteinella archeocretacea,Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica,Marginotruncana sigali,Dicarinella primitiva,D. concavata,D. asymetrica,Globotruncanita elevata,and Globotruncana ventricosa zones.
Comparising the research about this paper and other predecessors' achievements in this area,we can establish the relatively complete spatio-temporal framework for research,thus defining the late cretaceous' stratum. The formation boundary for other accurately dividing and global contrast to lay a solid foundation.
引文
[1]曹珂,王猛.沉积记录对白垩纪中国大陆古气候模拟的约束.地学前缘,2009,16(5):029﹣036 .
[2]陈军明,赵平,王成善,等. 2009.晚白垩世(80 Ma)东亚气候的数值模拟.地学前缘,16(6):226﹣339.
[3]陈木宏.中国新生代海洋微体古生物学研究现状与发展.古生物学报,2009,48(3):577﹣588.
[4]陈曦,王成善,胡修棉,等.西藏南部江孜盆地上侏罗统至古近系沉积岩石学特征与盆地演化.岩石学报,2008,24(3):616﹣624.
[5]陈有顺,房后国,刘娉慧,等.青藏高原矿产资源的分布﹑形成及开发地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(6):045﹣059.
[6]杜远生,童金南. 2004.古生物地史学概论.
[7]董树文,李延栋,钟大赉,等.侏罗纪∕白垩纪之交东亚板块汇聚的研究进展和展望.学科进展与展望,2009,(5):281﹣286.
[8]顾松竹,冯庆来.古生代有孔虫实体化石研究方法.微体古生物学报,2007,24(3):302﹣308.
[9]韩洪斗.藏南田巴地区白垩纪微体生物地层学研究. 2008 .
[10]郝诒纯,裘松余,林甲兴,等.有孔虫.科学出版社. 1980.
[11]何利,马润则,宋春彦.西藏措勤晚白垩世侵入岩地球化学特征及构造环境.地质科技报,2009,28(5):031﹣039.
[12]侯增谦,杨竹森,徐文艺.青藏高原碰撞造山带:主碰撞造山成矿作用.矿床地质,2006,25(4):337﹣358.
[13]黄永建,王成善,汪云亮.古海洋生产力指标研究进展.地学前缘,2005,12(2):163﹣170.
[14]贾建忠,万晓樵,张翼翼,等.白垩纪中期海相富有机碳沉积的地球生物学背景.地学前缘,2009,16(5):143﹣152.
[15]康志强,许继峰,陈建林,等.藏南白垩纪桑日群麻木下组埃达克岩的地球化学特征及其成因.地球化学,2009,38(4):334﹣344.
[16]李保华,王晓燕.末次冰期以来中国海区浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量变化的地层学意义.微体古生物学报,2009,26(4):313﹣322.
[17]李保华,kemal Topac Ertan,Christoph Hemleben.有孔虫分子生物学研究进展.自然科学进展,2005,15(5):534﹣538.
[18]林宝玉,王乃文,王思恩,等.西藏地层.地质出版社. 1989.
[19]李祥辉,王成善,胡修棉,等.西藏南部晚白垩世坎潘期碳同位素偏移及其意义.地球化学,2007,36(3):279﹣285.
[20]李响,蔡元峰,薛纪越.藏南江孜地区白垩系海相红层中红色页岩的颜色成因.矿物学报,2009,29(3):283﹣290.
[21]马超,王成善,陈曦,等.藏南晚白垩世旋回地层学研究:以定日贡扎剖面为例.地学前缘,2009,16(5):134﹣142.
[22]蒙启安,纪友亮.塔南凹陷白垩纪古地貌对沉积体系分布的控制作用.石油学报,2009,30(6):843﹣855.
[23]曲晓明,王瑞江,辛洪波,等.西藏西部与班公湖特提斯洋盆俯冲相关的火成岩年代学和地球化学.地球化学,2009,38(6):523﹣535.
[24]石和,马润则,陶晓风,等.西藏措勤地区地层古生物研究新进展—兼论古生物学在新一轮地质大调查中的作用.沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(2):078﹣085.
[25]司家亮,高莲凤,万晓樵.西藏南部晚白垩世大洋氧含量变化的生物特征.地学前缘,2005,12(2):113﹣122.
[26]孙荣涛,李铁刚,常凤鸣.北黄海表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫分布与海洋环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):021﹣028.
[27]佟景贵,李胜荣,方念乔,等.利用富钴结壳碳酸盐基岩有孔虫矿物标型重建古海洋温度.地学前缘,2008,15(6):040﹣043.
[28]万晓樵.西藏第三纪有孔虫生物地层及地理环境.现代地质,1987,1(1):283﹣290.
[29]万晓樵,丁林.西藏吉隆白垩纪末期浮游有孔虫的发现及其年代意义.古生物学报,2002,41(1):089﹣095.
[30]万晓樵,李国彪,司家亮.西藏南部晚白垩世—古新世大洋红层的分布与时代.地学前缘,2005,12(2):031﹣037.
[31]万晓樵,李金和,张双增,等.西藏札达晚白垩世—古新世浮游有孔虫及其时代意义.微体古生物学报,2005,22(1):010﹣018.
[32]万晓樵,刘文灿,李国彪,等.白垩纪黑色页岩与海水含氧量变化―以西藏南部为例.中国地质,2003,30(1):036﹣047.
[33]万晓樵,吴雁华,李国彪.西藏白垩纪中期orbitolinids(有孔虫)的分布与古地理意义.地质学报,2003,77(1):001﹣008.
[34]万晓樵,赵文金,李国彪.对西藏岗巴上白垩统的新认识.现代地质,2000, 14(3):281﹣285.
[35]王栮力，黄兴根，刘成林，等.新疆罗布泊Kl孔岩心中有孔虫化石的发现及其意义.地质评论,1999 ,45(2):158﹣162.
[36]王成善,曹珂,黄永建.沉积记录与白垩纪地球表层系统变化.地学前缘,2009,16(5):001﹣014.
[37]王成善,李祥辉,万晓樵,等.西藏南部江孜地区白垩系的厘定.地质学报,2000,74(2):097﹣107.
[38]王立成,王成善,李亚林,等.藏南地区海相白垩系富有机质沉积的影响因素浅析地学前缘,2009,16(5):107﹣117.
[39]王汝建,肖文申,成鑫荣,等.北冰洋西部晚第四纪浮游有孔虫氧碳同位素记录的海冰形成速率.地球科学进展,2009,24(6):643﹣651.
[40]王曦,万晓樵,李国彪.西藏岗巴晚白垩世—古近纪早期锶同位素地层.中国地质,2008,35(4):598﹣607.
[41]徐钰林,万晓樵,苟宗海,等.西藏侏罗、白垩、第三纪生物地层.中国地质大学出版社,1989,1﹣147.
[42]熊国庆,蔡习尧,伍皓,等.藏南日喀则地区白垩纪泥岩、页岩有机质丰度及其油气地质意义.地质通报,2009,28(10):1448﹣1457.
[43]杨德明,胡波,董清水,等.西藏嘉黎巴嘎地区早白垩世多尼组地层特征与沉积环境.世界地质,2009,28(3):280﹣283.
[44]杨逸畴,李炳元,尹泽生,等.西藏地貌.科学出版社,1983.
[45]曾俊.特提斯喜马拉雅带晚白垩世定量地层学研究. 2008 .
[46]曾萱.白垩纪大洋红层的时空演化. 2006.
[47]张维忠,陈寿铭,曲洪晔,赵淼.西藏北部申扎地区的海相白垩系.吉林地质,2008,27(2):005﹣007.
[48]赵文金,万晓樵.藏南定日地区Cenomanian/Turonian界线附近的生物古海洋事件.地质科学,2003,38(2):155﹣164.
[49]赵文金,万晓樵.西藏南部岗巴地区晚白垩世Cenomanian-Turonian集群灭绝事件后有孔虫动物群的复苏.古生物学报,2001,40(2):189﹣194.
[50]赵文金.西藏岗巴晚白垩世有孔虫动物群与海平面变化.高校地质学报,2001, 7(1):106﹣117.
[51]赵鹏肖.西藏定日地区上白垩统浮游有孔虫生物地层研究新进展. 2005.
[52]张克菊.白垩纪研究.科学观察,2009,4(3):031﹣036.
[53]周开胜,孟翊,刘苍字,等.长江口北支兴隆沙有孔虫组合与沉积环境分析.微体古生物学报,2008,25(1):035﹣043.
[54]朱弟成,莫宣学,赵志丹,等.西藏南部二叠纪和早白垩世构造岩浆作用与特提斯演化新观点.地学前缘,2009,16(2):001﹣020.
[55] Caron,M. Cretaceous planktic Foraminifera. In:Bolli H M,Saunders J B, Perch-Nielsen K,eds. Plankkton Stratigraphy. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[56] Caron,M. Un nouaeau genre de foraminifere planctonique du Cretace:Falsoteuncana Nov.gen..Eclog.geol.helv,1981.
[57] LI Li,WANG Hui,LI JianRu,ZHAO MeiXun,WANG PinXian. 2009. Changes in sea surface temperature in western South China Sea over the past 450 ka. Chinese science bulletin .
[58] Imbrie J,KIPP N G,1971. A new micropaleontological methodfor quantitative paleoclimatology:application to a late Pleisto-cene Caribbean core. In:Turekian,K K (eds),The late Ceno-zoic glacial ages. New Haven,Conn:Yale University Press. 71﹣181.
[59] Postuma J. Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. Amsterdam:Elsevier Publishing Co,1971.
[60] Mort H P,Adatte T,F?llmi K B,et al. Phosphorus and the roles of productivity and nutrient recycling during oceanic anoxic event 2. Geology,2007, 35(6):483﹣486.
[61] Mort H P,Jacquat O, Adatte T:et al. The Cenomanian/Turonian anoxic event at the Bonarelli evel in Italy and Spain:enhanced productivity and/or better preservation? Cretaceous Research,2007,28:597﹣612.
[62] Puceat E,Lecuyer C,Reisberg L. Neodymium isotope evolution of NW Tethyan upper ocean waters throughout the Cretaceous. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005,236:705﹣720.
[63] Rutten A,De Lange G J. A novel selective extraction of barite,and its application to eastern Mediterranean sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,198:11﹣24.
[64] WAN Xiaoqiao,LIU Wencan,LI Guobiao,et al. Cretaceous black shale and dissolved oxygen content—A case study in southern Tibet [J]·Geology in China,2003,30(1): 36-47 (in Chinese).
[2]陈军明,赵平,王成善,等. 2009.晚白垩世(80 Ma)东亚气候的数值模拟.地学前缘,16(6):226﹣339.
[3]陈木宏.中国新生代海洋微体古生物学研究现状与发展.古生物学报,2009,48(3):577﹣588.
[4]陈曦,王成善,胡修棉,等.西藏南部江孜盆地上侏罗统至古近系沉积岩石学特征与盆地演化.岩石学报,2008,24(3):616﹣624.
[5]陈有顺,房后国,刘娉慧,等.青藏高原矿产资源的分布﹑形成及开发地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(6):045﹣059.
[6]杜远生,童金南. 2004.古生物地史学概论.
[7]董树文,李延栋,钟大赉,等.侏罗纪∕白垩纪之交东亚板块汇聚的研究进展和展望.学科进展与展望,2009,(5):281﹣286.
[8]顾松竹,冯庆来.古生代有孔虫实体化石研究方法.微体古生物学报,2007,24(3):302﹣308.
[9]韩洪斗.藏南田巴地区白垩纪微体生物地层学研究. 2008 .
[10]郝诒纯,裘松余,林甲兴,等.有孔虫.科学出版社. 1980.
[11]何利,马润则,宋春彦.西藏措勤晚白垩世侵入岩地球化学特征及构造环境.地质科技报,2009,28(5):031﹣039.
[12]侯增谦,杨竹森,徐文艺.青藏高原碰撞造山带:主碰撞造山成矿作用.矿床地质,2006,25(4):337﹣358.
[13]黄永建,王成善,汪云亮.古海洋生产力指标研究进展.地学前缘,2005,12(2):163﹣170.
[14]贾建忠,万晓樵,张翼翼,等.白垩纪中期海相富有机碳沉积的地球生物学背景.地学前缘,2009,16(5):143﹣152.
[15]康志强,许继峰,陈建林,等.藏南白垩纪桑日群麻木下组埃达克岩的地球化学特征及其成因.地球化学,2009,38(4):334﹣344.
[16]李保华,王晓燕.末次冰期以来中国海区浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量变化的地层学意义.微体古生物学报,2009,26(4):313﹣322.
[17]李保华,kemal Topac Ertan,Christoph Hemleben.有孔虫分子生物学研究进展.自然科学进展,2005,15(5):534﹣538.
[18]林宝玉,王乃文,王思恩,等.西藏地层.地质出版社. 1989.
[19]李祥辉,王成善,胡修棉,等.西藏南部晚白垩世坎潘期碳同位素偏移及其意义.地球化学,2007,36(3):279﹣285.
[20]李响,蔡元峰,薛纪越.藏南江孜地区白垩系海相红层中红色页岩的颜色成因.矿物学报,2009,29(3):283﹣290.
[21]马超,王成善,陈曦,等.藏南晚白垩世旋回地层学研究:以定日贡扎剖面为例.地学前缘,2009,16(5):134﹣142.
[22]蒙启安,纪友亮.塔南凹陷白垩纪古地貌对沉积体系分布的控制作用.石油学报,2009,30(6):843﹣855.
[23]曲晓明,王瑞江,辛洪波,等.西藏西部与班公湖特提斯洋盆俯冲相关的火成岩年代学和地球化学.地球化学,2009,38(6):523﹣535.
[24]石和,马润则,陶晓风,等.西藏措勤地区地层古生物研究新进展—兼论古生物学在新一轮地质大调查中的作用.沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(2):078﹣085.
[25]司家亮,高莲凤,万晓樵.西藏南部晚白垩世大洋氧含量变化的生物特征.地学前缘,2005,12(2):113﹣122.
[26]孙荣涛,李铁刚,常凤鸣.北黄海表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫分布与海洋环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):021﹣028.
[27]佟景贵,李胜荣,方念乔,等.利用富钴结壳碳酸盐基岩有孔虫矿物标型重建古海洋温度.地学前缘,2008,15(6):040﹣043.
[28]万晓樵.西藏第三纪有孔虫生物地层及地理环境.现代地质,1987,1(1):283﹣290.
[29]万晓樵,丁林.西藏吉隆白垩纪末期浮游有孔虫的发现及其年代意义.古生物学报,2002,41(1):089﹣095.
[30]万晓樵,李国彪,司家亮.西藏南部晚白垩世—古新世大洋红层的分布与时代.地学前缘,2005,12(2):031﹣037.
[31]万晓樵,李金和,张双增,等.西藏札达晚白垩世—古新世浮游有孔虫及其时代意义.微体古生物学报,2005,22(1):010﹣018.
[32]万晓樵,刘文灿,李国彪,等.白垩纪黑色页岩与海水含氧量变化―以西藏南部为例.中国地质,2003,30(1):036﹣047.
[33]万晓樵,吴雁华,李国彪.西藏白垩纪中期orbitolinids(有孔虫)的分布与古地理意义.地质学报,2003,77(1):001﹣008.
[34]万晓樵,赵文金,李国彪.对西藏岗巴上白垩统的新认识.现代地质,2000, 14(3):281﹣285.
[35]王栮力，黄兴根，刘成林，等.新疆罗布泊Kl孔岩心中有孔虫化石的发现及其意义.地质评论,1999 ,45(2):158﹣162.
[36]王成善,曹珂,黄永建.沉积记录与白垩纪地球表层系统变化.地学前缘,2009,16(5):001﹣014.
[37]王成善,李祥辉,万晓樵,等.西藏南部江孜地区白垩系的厘定.地质学报,2000,74(2):097﹣107.
[38]王立成,王成善,李亚林,等.藏南地区海相白垩系富有机质沉积的影响因素浅析地学前缘,2009,16(5):107﹣117.
[39]王汝建,肖文申,成鑫荣,等.北冰洋西部晚第四纪浮游有孔虫氧碳同位素记录的海冰形成速率.地球科学进展,2009,24(6):643﹣651.
[40]王曦,万晓樵,李国彪.西藏岗巴晚白垩世—古近纪早期锶同位素地层.中国地质,2008,35(4):598﹣607.
[41]徐钰林,万晓樵,苟宗海,等.西藏侏罗、白垩、第三纪生物地层.中国地质大学出版社,1989,1﹣147.
[42]熊国庆,蔡习尧,伍皓,等.藏南日喀则地区白垩纪泥岩、页岩有机质丰度及其油气地质意义.地质通报,2009,28(10):1448﹣1457.
[43]杨德明,胡波,董清水,等.西藏嘉黎巴嘎地区早白垩世多尼组地层特征与沉积环境.世界地质,2009,28(3):280﹣283.
[44]杨逸畴,李炳元,尹泽生,等.西藏地貌.科学出版社,1983.
[45]曾俊.特提斯喜马拉雅带晚白垩世定量地层学研究. 2008 .
[46]曾萱.白垩纪大洋红层的时空演化. 2006.
[47]张维忠,陈寿铭,曲洪晔,赵淼.西藏北部申扎地区的海相白垩系.吉林地质,2008,27(2):005﹣007.
[48]赵文金,万晓樵.藏南定日地区Cenomanian/Turonian界线附近的生物古海洋事件.地质科学,2003,38(2):155﹣164.
[49]赵文金,万晓樵.西藏南部岗巴地区晚白垩世Cenomanian-Turonian集群灭绝事件后有孔虫动物群的复苏.古生物学报,2001,40(2):189﹣194.
[50]赵文金.西藏岗巴晚白垩世有孔虫动物群与海平面变化.高校地质学报,2001, 7(1):106﹣117.
[51]赵鹏肖.西藏定日地区上白垩统浮游有孔虫生物地层研究新进展. 2005.
[52]张克菊.白垩纪研究.科学观察,2009,4(3):031﹣036.
[53]周开胜,孟翊,刘苍字,等.长江口北支兴隆沙有孔虫组合与沉积环境分析.微体古生物学报,2008,25(1):035﹣043.
[54]朱弟成,莫宣学,赵志丹,等.西藏南部二叠纪和早白垩世构造岩浆作用与特提斯演化新观点.地学前缘,2009,16(2):001﹣020.
[55] Caron,M. Cretaceous planktic Foraminifera. In:Bolli H M,Saunders J B, Perch-Nielsen K,eds. Plankkton Stratigraphy. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[56] Caron,M. Un nouaeau genre de foraminifere planctonique du Cretace:Falsoteuncana Nov.gen..Eclog.geol.helv,1981.
[57] LI Li,WANG Hui,LI JianRu,ZHAO MeiXun,WANG PinXian. 2009. Changes in sea surface temperature in western South China Sea over the past 450 ka. Chinese science bulletin .
[58] Imbrie J,KIPP N G,1971. A new micropaleontological methodfor quantitative paleoclimatology:application to a late Pleisto-cene Caribbean core. In:Turekian,K K (eds),The late Ceno-zoic glacial ages. New Haven,Conn:Yale University Press. 71﹣181.
[59] Postuma J. Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. Amsterdam:Elsevier Publishing Co,1971.
[60] Mort H P,Adatte T,F?llmi K B,et al. Phosphorus and the roles of productivity and nutrient recycling during oceanic anoxic event 2. Geology,2007, 35(6):483﹣486.
[61] Mort H P,Jacquat O, Adatte T:et al. The Cenomanian/Turonian anoxic event at the Bonarelli evel in Italy and Spain:enhanced productivity and/or better preservation? Cretaceous Research,2007,28:597﹣612.
[62] Puceat E,Lecuyer C,Reisberg L. Neodymium isotope evolution of NW Tethyan upper ocean waters throughout the Cretaceous. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005,236:705﹣720.
[63] Rutten A,De Lange G J. A novel selective extraction of barite,and its application to eastern Mediterranean sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,198:11﹣24.
[64] WAN Xiaoqiao,LIU Wencan,LI Guobiao,et al. Cretaceous black shale and dissolved oxygen content—A case study in southern Tibet [J]·Geology in China,2003,30(1): 36-47 (in Chinese).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |