城市水资源阶梯定价模型研究
摘要
本文的写作目的是为现今国内的水资源价格制度改革,特别是在引入阶梯水价作为改革主要手段的环境下,提供理论的依据和实践模型的支持。为此,本文回顾和分析了国内外对水资源定价所作出的相关而重要的研究,其中:对水资源定价基础理论的研究指明了水资源定价的目标、为水资源价格的构成和定价模型的建立提供了良好的理论依据;需求弹性的研究为定价模型作为资源调节的重要手段提供了良好的计量参数;不同的成本界定理论是定价模型制定的基本内容;水市场和水权制度的建立也是未来作为定价模型的重要补充内容。在完成对上述相关分析的基础上,本文构建了一个以阶梯水价为基础的定价模型对水资源定价进行了模拟定价。随着模型构建的完成,我们在理论上解决了阶梯定价的形成原因;经过讨论,为阶梯水价的订立选取了成本界定方式;同时对在计算中遇到的需求弹性及直接成本等关键指标的选取上作出了必要而充分分析。
This paper gives the support-both in theory and practice-for the revolution of pricing system of water resource in china, especially for the revolution which is based on the Increasing Block Rate Tariff. Therefore this paper reviews and analysts relative researches in such area, they are: the basic theory of water resource pricing which pointed out why and what the Block Rate Tariff for; the research of demand elasticity which gave the key parameter for our model; different theories of cost marching is the base of pricing model; and water market and water property rights are good supplements for the water pricing model. As we finishing the pricing model, we explain why the IBT appeared; we choose a cost model for the pricing; and we discus how we choose the parameters which appeared in our calculation.
This paper gives the support-both in theory and practice-for the revolution of pricing system of water resource in china, especially for the revolution which is based on the Increasing Block Rate Tariff. Therefore this paper reviews and analysts relative researches in such area, they are: the basic theory of water resource pricing which pointed out why and what the Block Rate Tariff for; the research of demand elasticity which gave the key parameter for our model; different theories of cost marching is the base of pricing model; and water market and water property rights are good supplements for the water pricing model. As we finishing the pricing model, we explain why the IBT appeared; we choose a cost model for the pricing; and we discus how we choose the parameters which appeared in our calculation.
引文
1 相关数据来源参考自:路遥,《城市供水价格研究》,硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2004,第1页
2 S.M国际技术顾问公司统计数据,引自民主与法制时报,互联网来源:http://news.mzyfz.com/times/e/20071221/161501.shtml
3 相关材料及数据引自:John J.Boland Dale Whittington(1999),”Water Tariff Design In Developing Countries:Disadvantages of Increasing Block Tariffs(IBTs) and Advantages of Uniform Price with Rebate (URP) Designs" P33
4 数据参考:李明、刘应宗,城市居民节水经济学分析与阶梯水价探讨,经济理论与实践,第36-37页
5 以上评论(第16到18页)部分观点和文献引自:Fernando Arbuesa,Mar'ia Angeles Garc'ia-Valinas B.Roberto Mart'i Nez-Espineira(2003),"Estimation of residential water demand:a state-of-the-art review",Journal of Socio-Economics 32(2003) P84-85
6 相关资料和数据来源:《全国节水规划纲要及其研究》
[1]Ada Jansen and Carl-erik Schulz(2006),"Water Demand and The Urban Poor:A Study of The Factors Influencing Water Consumption among Household in Cape Town,South Africa",South African Journal of Economics Vol.74:3:593-609
[2]Donald E.Agthe and R.Bruce Billings(1987),"Equity,Price Elasticity,and Household Income Under Increasing Block Rates for Water" American Journal of Economics and Sociology,Volt 46,No.3(July,1987):273-286
[3]Fernando Arbues a,Mar'ia Angeles Garc'ia-Valinas B.Roberto Mart'iNez-Espineira(2003),"Estimation of residential water demand:a state-of-the-art review",Journal of Socio-Economics 32(2003):81-102
[4]John J.Boland Dale Whittington(1999),"Water Tariff Design In Developing Countries:Disadvantages of Increasing Block Tariffs(IBTs) and Advantages of Uniform Price with Rebate(URP) Designs"
[5]Pascal Lavergne;Vincent Requillart;Michel Simioni(2001),"Welfare Losses Due to Market Power:Hicksian versus Marshallian Measurement",American Journal of Agricultural Economics,Vol.83,No.1.(Feb.,2001),pp.157-165
[6]R.Bruce Billings;Donald E.Agthe(1980),"Price Elasticity for Water:A Case of Increasing Block Rates",Land Economics,Vol.56,No.1.(Feb.,1980):73-84
[7]Ziv Bar-Shira,Israel Finkelshtain,and Avi Simhon(2006),"Block-Rate Versus Uniform Water Pricing In Agriculture:An Empirical Analysis",Amer.J.Agr.Econ.88(4)(November 2006):986-999
[8]Frank A.Ward(2005):"Decision support for water policy:a review of economic concepts and tools"Water Policy 9(2007):1-31
[9]宋序彤,许俊仪.《我国城市用水发展和用水效率分析-城市节水潜力分析》,振利杯获奖论文2006
[10]陈丽,司训练.水资源定价理论研究[J].中央财经大学学报,2007(2).
[11]光大证券,2006:《水务改革加速 行业生机勃发-2007年水务行业投资策略》
[12]蒲志仲.居民水权视角下的阶梯自来水价[J].价格理论与实践,2007.
[13]刘晓颖.水价政策:效率与公平的权衡--以北京市城市生活用水水价为例[D].北京师范大学,2005.
[14]王勇.张掖市水价计算的CGE模型[D].中国科学院,2006.
[15]姜文来.水资源价值论[M].北京科学出版社,1998.
[16]蒲实.水资源价格定价模型研究[J].经济体制改革,2007(1):181-184.
[17]高伟.上海市水价制度研究[D].上海交通大学,2004。
[18]路遥.城市供水价格研究[D].大连理工大学,2004。
[19]刘成刚.水资源定价的影子价格模型[J].水利发展研究,2005(2):20-25.
[20]徐晓鹏,武春友.水资源价格理论研究综述[J].甘肃社会科学,2005(3):218-221.
[21]陈贺,杨志峰.基于效用函数的阶梯式自来水水价模型[J].资源科学,2006(1):109-111.
[22]黄解宇,郝永红,黄登宇,岳澎.解决水资源短缺问题的动机激励模型[J].2005(1):85-88.
[23]俞路,姚天祥.水资源全成本定价问题[J].地域研究与开发,2004(2):69-72
[24]李良序,罗慧.中国水资源管理博弈特征分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006(2):37-41.
[25]李雪松.水资源资产化与产权化及初始水权界定问题研究[J].江西社会科学,2006(2):150-155.
[26]崔玉芹.水务改革加速 行业生机勃发[J].光大证券行业分析报告,2006(12).
[27]李明,刘应宗.城市居民节水经济学分析与阶梯水价探讨[J].经济理论与实践,2007(2):36-37.
2 S.M国际技术顾问公司统计数据,引自民主与法制时报,互联网来源:http://news.mzyfz.com/times/e/20071221/161501.shtml
3 相关材料及数据引自:John J.Boland Dale Whittington(1999),”Water Tariff Design In Developing Countries:Disadvantages of Increasing Block Tariffs(IBTs) and Advantages of Uniform Price with Rebate (URP) Designs" P33
4 数据参考:李明、刘应宗,城市居民节水经济学分析与阶梯水价探讨,经济理论与实践,第36-37页
5 以上评论(第16到18页)部分观点和文献引自:Fernando Arbuesa,Mar'ia Angeles Garc'ia-Valinas B.Roberto Mart'i Nez-Espineira(2003),"Estimation of residential water demand:a state-of-the-art review",Journal of Socio-Economics 32(2003) P84-85
6 相关资料和数据来源:《全国节水规划纲要及其研究》
[1]Ada Jansen and Carl-erik Schulz(2006),"Water Demand and The Urban Poor:A Study of The Factors Influencing Water Consumption among Household in Cape Town,South Africa",South African Journal of Economics Vol.74:3:593-609
[2]Donald E.Agthe and R.Bruce Billings(1987),"Equity,Price Elasticity,and Household Income Under Increasing Block Rates for Water" American Journal of Economics and Sociology,Volt 46,No.3(July,1987):273-286
[3]Fernando Arbues a,Mar'ia Angeles Garc'ia-Valinas B.Roberto Mart'iNez-Espineira(2003),"Estimation of residential water demand:a state-of-the-art review",Journal of Socio-Economics 32(2003):81-102
[4]John J.Boland Dale Whittington(1999),"Water Tariff Design In Developing Countries:Disadvantages of Increasing Block Tariffs(IBTs) and Advantages of Uniform Price with Rebate(URP) Designs"
[5]Pascal Lavergne;Vincent Requillart;Michel Simioni(2001),"Welfare Losses Due to Market Power:Hicksian versus Marshallian Measurement",American Journal of Agricultural Economics,Vol.83,No.1.(Feb.,2001),pp.157-165
[6]R.Bruce Billings;Donald E.Agthe(1980),"Price Elasticity for Water:A Case of Increasing Block Rates",Land Economics,Vol.56,No.1.(Feb.,1980):73-84
[7]Ziv Bar-Shira,Israel Finkelshtain,and Avi Simhon(2006),"Block-Rate Versus Uniform Water Pricing In Agriculture:An Empirical Analysis",Amer.J.Agr.Econ.88(4)(November 2006):986-999
[8]Frank A.Ward(2005):"Decision support for water policy:a review of economic concepts and tools"Water Policy 9(2007):1-31
[9]宋序彤,许俊仪.《我国城市用水发展和用水效率分析-城市节水潜力分析》,振利杯获奖论文2006
[10]陈丽,司训练.水资源定价理论研究[J].中央财经大学学报,2007(2).
[11]光大证券,2006:《水务改革加速 行业生机勃发-2007年水务行业投资策略》
[12]蒲志仲.居民水权视角下的阶梯自来水价[J].价格理论与实践,2007.
[13]刘晓颖.水价政策:效率与公平的权衡--以北京市城市生活用水水价为例[D].北京师范大学,2005.
[14]王勇.张掖市水价计算的CGE模型[D].中国科学院,2006.
[15]姜文来.水资源价值论[M].北京科学出版社,1998.
[16]蒲实.水资源价格定价模型研究[J].经济体制改革,2007(1):181-184.
[17]高伟.上海市水价制度研究[D].上海交通大学,2004。
[18]路遥.城市供水价格研究[D].大连理工大学,2004。
[19]刘成刚.水资源定价的影子价格模型[J].水利发展研究,2005(2):20-25.
[20]徐晓鹏,武春友.水资源价格理论研究综述[J].甘肃社会科学,2005(3):218-221.
[21]陈贺,杨志峰.基于效用函数的阶梯式自来水水价模型[J].资源科学,2006(1):109-111.
[22]黄解宇,郝永红,黄登宇,岳澎.解决水资源短缺问题的动机激励模型[J].2005(1):85-88.
[23]俞路,姚天祥.水资源全成本定价问题[J].地域研究与开发,2004(2):69-72
[24]李良序,罗慧.中国水资源管理博弈特征分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006(2):37-41.
[25]李雪松.水资源资产化与产权化及初始水权界定问题研究[J].江西社会科学,2006(2):150-155.
[26]崔玉芹.水务改革加速 行业生机勃发[J].光大证券行业分析报告,2006(12).
[27]李明,刘应宗.城市居民节水经济学分析与阶梯水价探讨[J].经济理论与实践,2007(2):36-37.
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