曲轴坐标系量化图形计算机辅助设计研究
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摘要
曲轴坐标系量化图形理论,突破了传统平面直轴坐标系统的限制,拓展了量化图形的制图空间,提高了平面坐标系统下地学量化信息图形可视化的适应性,以及对信息的描述与展现能力。在曲轴坐标系统图形制图中,曲线函数、曲率以及曲向等变量决定了曲轴坐标系量化图形的坐标轴及其图形展现的形态;不同的图形组合方式产生了具有不同感受效果的多曲轴坐标系组合图形。丰富的图型能够向识图、用图人员更为生动的、形象地、赋予美感地传达关于地学统计数据集间的区别与联系的信息。
曲轴坐标系量化图形制图理论研究刚刚起步,所提出的制图理论和方法还较为肤浅。本研究,以曲轴坐标系量化图形理论已有的研究成果为基础,以前人对斜角坐标系量化图形图谱的研究为重要的图谱参照,对曲轴坐标的图谱进行规范化的分类;并参照现代制图软件中成熟的统计图型,利用MapObjects 2.3的用户自定义扩展端口,结合Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0,完成曲轴坐标系量化图形类的设计,并最终完成曲轴坐标系量化图形的计算机自动绘制。
笔者通过对曲轴坐标系量化图形研究背景资料的分析,形成对曲轴坐标系量化图形理论与实践进行深入研究的重要性、必要性与可行性的认识;通过对曲轴坐标系量化图形的概念的阐述及数学基础的探讨,发现曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱分类的标准,从而设计完成单曲轴坐标系量化图形和多曲轴坐标系组合图形的图谱设计,并为曲轴坐标系量化图形的可视化打下了良好的理论基础;通过对曲轴坐标系量化图形基本算法、曲轴坐标系量化图形类的架构、函数、接口与相应方法的设计为曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图系统(CCQGTMS)的实现作了充分的准备;最后由CCQGTMS的设计、编写与实施,证明曲轴坐标系量化图形通过计算机辅助制图系统建设实现的可行性与合理性。
曲轴坐标系图谱的设计分为单曲轴坐标系量化图形和多曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱设计两部分。其中,单曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱的设计以其坐标框架在形态上的差异性为依据,分为直曲轴图形、斜曲轴图形和全曲轴图形三类。而多曲轴坐标系组合图形图谱的设计以组合形态在视觉感受效果上的差异性为依据,分为中心共享图形、轴共享图形、坐标网共享图形和复杂单元组合图形四类。
曲轴坐标系量化图形制图通过对坐标框架曲线的定量移动完成单曲轴坐标系量化图形的绘制实现单曲轴坐标系量化图形的绘制,通过对单曲轴坐标系量化图形结构的重用、信息附加与位移完成多曲轴坐标系组合量化图形的制图,明确了可行的制图算法。
曲轴坐标系量化图形类(CCQGC)的设计以完整记录曲轴坐标系量化图形信息,系统再现曲轴坐标系量化图形,完成与地理信息系统组件的交互为目的。根据曲轴坐标系量化图形的基本算法设计,CCQGC所记录的参数可分为图形状态参数和位置状态参数。图形状态参数主要负责记录单曲轴坐标图形坐标框架的参数和内部图型的具体参数。位置状态参数,适用于组合图形中单体位置的记录。其他辅助参数适用于复杂单元组合图形的绘制和其他有关参数的记录。
CCQGTMS通过曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图向导完成曲轴坐标系量化图形的专题制图工作。CCQGTMS亦能够针对软件使用人员在需求和能力上的差异性,提供三种不同制图自由度下的曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图向导,分别为:全自动制图向导、半自动制图向导和半手动制图向导。上述三种不同层次的制图向导能供软件使用人员方便、快捷的完成曲轴坐标系量化图形的专题制图工作,充分地体现了以人为本、面向用户的设计思想。
曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱的设计,将纷繁复杂的曲轴坐标系量化图形作了科学、合理的分类与整理,为此领域内深入的理论研究提供了扎实的理论依据;曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图系统得实现在实践的层面上证明了,曲轴坐标系量化图形计算机辅助制图的可能性,并为计算机支持下曲轴坐标系量化图形专题图型的进一步丰富,提供了颇具扩展性的软件框架。
The theory of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics breaks through restrict of traditional planar coordinate system, expand the cartography space of quantitative graphics, also the ability of information description and exhibition. In cartography work of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics cartography, variables like curve function, curvature and directions, defines the exact shape of the coordinate frame and the inside graphics. Different methods of combination, forms large sum of multi-curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic types, which have different impressive effect. Abundant graphic types can vividly provide useful information of the relation and contrast between the geographic statistic data series for thematic map users.
Research on the curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic cartography has just begun. The thematic mapping theory and method are still superficial in some extent. In this research, the author takes the former research as the referential knowledge, makes normative classification for the graphics. The author also finishes the design of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas and finally the automatic cartography of these thematic graphics, refers to the mature statistic diagram patterns, with the custom defined interfaces of MapObjects 2.3 and Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0.
Through the analysis of the background materials of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic theory, the author gets to know the importance, necessity and feasibility on this research. Through the discussion of mathematic basis and concept, the author finishes the design work of both single and multi curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics. Research on the curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic basic asthmatic and curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic class’framework, function, interface and methods makes sufficient preparation for curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic thematic mapping system (CCQGTMS). Finally, the design, coding and implement of CCQGTMS proves the feasibility and rationality of the visualization of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic through computer aided cartography.
Design of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics’atlas, can be divide into single curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas and multi- curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas. Among them, the atlas for single ones includes three different types with names of beeline-curvilinear mixed, oblique- curvilinear mixed and pure curvilinear graphics. Rules for multi curvilinear coordinate combined quantitative graphic classification, lies in the different esthetic impression, and it can be divided into four types, like center shared combination, line shared combination , coordinate net shared combination and complex unit combinations.
Curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic thematic mapping for single ones comes into realization through displace of outer coordinate framework, while for multi ones, reuse, information appending and re-location of basic units help to complete the cartography work.
Curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic class (CCQGC) is designed with the aim of recording, redrawing of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics and interactive operations with geographic information software components. Based on the former research, this class has parameters for graphic and position. Graphic parameters have information for coordinate framework and inner graphics. Position parameters have information for location of each single unit. Other assistant parameters are useful for complex combination graphics.
CCQGTMS accomplishes the thematic mapping work of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic through the curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic thematic mapping wizard. This wizard provides computer aided thematic mapping service in three different cartography grades, in need of satisfying different users. They are automatic mapping wizard, semiautomatic mapping wizard and semi-manual mapping wizard. These wizards help the software users to fulfill the cartography work conveniently and efficiently, in thought of humane based and user oriented.
The design work of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas, scientifically and reasonably classified the abundant complex curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics. It also provides credible basis for future theoretical research. CCQGTMS practically proved the possibility of computer aided cartography in curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics thematic mapping. Meanwhile, this system provides the expansible software framework for future enrichment of the atlas.
曲轴坐标系量化图形制图理论研究刚刚起步,所提出的制图理论和方法还较为肤浅。本研究,以曲轴坐标系量化图形理论已有的研究成果为基础,以前人对斜角坐标系量化图形图谱的研究为重要的图谱参照,对曲轴坐标的图谱进行规范化的分类;并参照现代制图软件中成熟的统计图型,利用MapObjects 2.3的用户自定义扩展端口,结合Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0,完成曲轴坐标系量化图形类的设计,并最终完成曲轴坐标系量化图形的计算机自动绘制。
笔者通过对曲轴坐标系量化图形研究背景资料的分析,形成对曲轴坐标系量化图形理论与实践进行深入研究的重要性、必要性与可行性的认识;通过对曲轴坐标系量化图形的概念的阐述及数学基础的探讨,发现曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱分类的标准,从而设计完成单曲轴坐标系量化图形和多曲轴坐标系组合图形的图谱设计,并为曲轴坐标系量化图形的可视化打下了良好的理论基础;通过对曲轴坐标系量化图形基本算法、曲轴坐标系量化图形类的架构、函数、接口与相应方法的设计为曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图系统(CCQGTMS)的实现作了充分的准备;最后由CCQGTMS的设计、编写与实施,证明曲轴坐标系量化图形通过计算机辅助制图系统建设实现的可行性与合理性。
曲轴坐标系图谱的设计分为单曲轴坐标系量化图形和多曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱设计两部分。其中,单曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱的设计以其坐标框架在形态上的差异性为依据,分为直曲轴图形、斜曲轴图形和全曲轴图形三类。而多曲轴坐标系组合图形图谱的设计以组合形态在视觉感受效果上的差异性为依据,分为中心共享图形、轴共享图形、坐标网共享图形和复杂单元组合图形四类。
曲轴坐标系量化图形制图通过对坐标框架曲线的定量移动完成单曲轴坐标系量化图形的绘制实现单曲轴坐标系量化图形的绘制,通过对单曲轴坐标系量化图形结构的重用、信息附加与位移完成多曲轴坐标系组合量化图形的制图,明确了可行的制图算法。
曲轴坐标系量化图形类(CCQGC)的设计以完整记录曲轴坐标系量化图形信息,系统再现曲轴坐标系量化图形,完成与地理信息系统组件的交互为目的。根据曲轴坐标系量化图形的基本算法设计,CCQGC所记录的参数可分为图形状态参数和位置状态参数。图形状态参数主要负责记录单曲轴坐标图形坐标框架的参数和内部图型的具体参数。位置状态参数,适用于组合图形中单体位置的记录。其他辅助参数适用于复杂单元组合图形的绘制和其他有关参数的记录。
CCQGTMS通过曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图向导完成曲轴坐标系量化图形的专题制图工作。CCQGTMS亦能够针对软件使用人员在需求和能力上的差异性,提供三种不同制图自由度下的曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图向导,分别为:全自动制图向导、半自动制图向导和半手动制图向导。上述三种不同层次的制图向导能供软件使用人员方便、快捷的完成曲轴坐标系量化图形的专题制图工作,充分地体现了以人为本、面向用户的设计思想。
曲轴坐标系量化图形图谱的设计,将纷繁复杂的曲轴坐标系量化图形作了科学、合理的分类与整理,为此领域内深入的理论研究提供了扎实的理论依据;曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图系统得实现在实践的层面上证明了,曲轴坐标系量化图形计算机辅助制图的可能性,并为计算机支持下曲轴坐标系量化图形专题图型的进一步丰富,提供了颇具扩展性的软件框架。
The theory of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics breaks through restrict of traditional planar coordinate system, expand the cartography space of quantitative graphics, also the ability of information description and exhibition. In cartography work of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics cartography, variables like curve function, curvature and directions, defines the exact shape of the coordinate frame and the inside graphics. Different methods of combination, forms large sum of multi-curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic types, which have different impressive effect. Abundant graphic types can vividly provide useful information of the relation and contrast between the geographic statistic data series for thematic map users.
Research on the curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic cartography has just begun. The thematic mapping theory and method are still superficial in some extent. In this research, the author takes the former research as the referential knowledge, makes normative classification for the graphics. The author also finishes the design of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas and finally the automatic cartography of these thematic graphics, refers to the mature statistic diagram patterns, with the custom defined interfaces of MapObjects 2.3 and Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0.
Through the analysis of the background materials of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic theory, the author gets to know the importance, necessity and feasibility on this research. Through the discussion of mathematic basis and concept, the author finishes the design work of both single and multi curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics. Research on the curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic basic asthmatic and curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic class’framework, function, interface and methods makes sufficient preparation for curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic thematic mapping system (CCQGTMS). Finally, the design, coding and implement of CCQGTMS proves the feasibility and rationality of the visualization of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic through computer aided cartography.
Design of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics’atlas, can be divide into single curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas and multi- curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas. Among them, the atlas for single ones includes three different types with names of beeline-curvilinear mixed, oblique- curvilinear mixed and pure curvilinear graphics. Rules for multi curvilinear coordinate combined quantitative graphic classification, lies in the different esthetic impression, and it can be divided into four types, like center shared combination, line shared combination , coordinate net shared combination and complex unit combinations.
Curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic thematic mapping for single ones comes into realization through displace of outer coordinate framework, while for multi ones, reuse, information appending and re-location of basic units help to complete the cartography work.
Curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic class (CCQGC) is designed with the aim of recording, redrawing of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics and interactive operations with geographic information software components. Based on the former research, this class has parameters for graphic and position. Graphic parameters have information for coordinate framework and inner graphics. Position parameters have information for location of each single unit. Other assistant parameters are useful for complex combination graphics.
CCQGTMS accomplishes the thematic mapping work of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic through the curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic thematic mapping wizard. This wizard provides computer aided thematic mapping service in three different cartography grades, in need of satisfying different users. They are automatic mapping wizard, semiautomatic mapping wizard and semi-manual mapping wizard. These wizards help the software users to fulfill the cartography work conveniently and efficiently, in thought of humane based and user oriented.
The design work of curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphic atlas, scientifically and reasonably classified the abundant complex curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics. It also provides credible basis for future theoretical research. CCQGTMS practically proved the possibility of computer aided cartography in curvilinear coordinate quantitative graphics thematic mapping. Meanwhile, this system provides the expansible software framework for future enrichment of the atlas.
引文
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