水平井密闭取心技术研究
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摘要
随着水平井的大面积应用,与水平井钻井完井技术相配套的水平井取心具有不可替代的作用,对开展水平井的三次采油效果研究、点坝砂体内部建筑结构以及侧积夹层分布与剩余油分布关系的研究有着重要意义,可为探索挖潜直井条件下难于动用的厚油层顶部剩余油的有效途径提供依据。
密闭取心技术能够取得不受钻井液污染的岩心,获得较准确的油水饱和度等一系列的地质资料,在油气开发、储量评估中起着重要的作用。随着水平井技术对低丰度薄层的开发,为了提高单井产量和储量动用程度、提高目的层的有效开发效果、研究水平井与直井联合开发布井的原则和方式,则必须通过水平井连续密闭取心技术获得更为准确的岩心地质资料。
本文对水平井密闭取心的难点作了充分的分析,针对水平井水平段钻具受力分析和密闭取心原理设计了水平井密闭取心工具;通过理论模型的建立和评价设计了能够在取心过程中调整井眼轨迹的4种钻具组合;通过室内实验研究,研制了高效的合成基密闭液;通过现场试验对取心工具、钻具组合、合成基密闭液进行了有效验证,形成一套适合大庆水平井特点的水平井密闭取心工艺技术,并制订了工具使用说明书及操作规程。
本文的研究成果是对现有取心技术的很好补充,也是对水平井钻井配套技术的完善,对制定合理的勘探开发方案、提高采收率、挖掘油田产能具有重要意义。
With the great area development of horizontal well,the coring techniques matched with horizontal well drilling and completion technologies are taking an irreplaceable role. They are of great significance for studying the tertiary recovery effect of horizontal well, studying the internal structures of point bar sands and the relation of the distribution of lateral accretion with the distribution of remaining oil. They can provide basis for exploring the effective methods to tap the remaining oil on the top of thick oil reservoir under the condition of vertical well.
Sealed coring technology can obtain the cores free contaminated from drilling fluid and series of geologic data such as the accurate oil or water saturation. It plays an important role during oil or gas development and reserve assessment. With the development of the thin zones with low oil abundance by using horizontal wells, in order to improve per well production, reserves producing level and the development effect of target zones, studying the principle and way of horizontal-vertical well pattern must obtain more accurate geological data of cores using continuous sealed coring technology for horizontal well.
This paper analyzes the difficulties of horizontal well sealed coring technique. Horizontal well sealed coring tools have been designed according to the stress analysis of the drilling tool inside the horizontal section and the theory of sealed coring. Four types of BHA which can adjust well trajectory during coring have been designed by establishing and evaluating the theoretical model. High efficient synthetic sealed fluid has been developed through laboratory studies. The tests on site have verified effectively the coring tools, BHA, the synthetic sealed fluid. A set of sealed coring techniques for horizontal well which are suitable for the characteristics of the horizontal wells in Daqing have been formed. The tool instructions and operating procedures have been worked out.
The research of this subject is a good supplement of the existing coring technologies. It improves horizontal well drilling techniques. It is very important to develop reasonable exploration and development program, to enhance oil recovery and tap the deliverability of the oilfield.
密闭取心技术能够取得不受钻井液污染的岩心,获得较准确的油水饱和度等一系列的地质资料,在油气开发、储量评估中起着重要的作用。随着水平井技术对低丰度薄层的开发,为了提高单井产量和储量动用程度、提高目的层的有效开发效果、研究水平井与直井联合开发布井的原则和方式,则必须通过水平井连续密闭取心技术获得更为准确的岩心地质资料。
本文对水平井密闭取心的难点作了充分的分析,针对水平井水平段钻具受力分析和密闭取心原理设计了水平井密闭取心工具;通过理论模型的建立和评价设计了能够在取心过程中调整井眼轨迹的4种钻具组合;通过室内实验研究,研制了高效的合成基密闭液;通过现场试验对取心工具、钻具组合、合成基密闭液进行了有效验证,形成一套适合大庆水平井特点的水平井密闭取心工艺技术,并制订了工具使用说明书及操作规程。
本文的研究成果是对现有取心技术的很好补充,也是对水平井钻井配套技术的完善,对制定合理的勘探开发方案、提高采收率、挖掘油田产能具有重要意义。
With the great area development of horizontal well,the coring techniques matched with horizontal well drilling and completion technologies are taking an irreplaceable role. They are of great significance for studying the tertiary recovery effect of horizontal well, studying the internal structures of point bar sands and the relation of the distribution of lateral accretion with the distribution of remaining oil. They can provide basis for exploring the effective methods to tap the remaining oil on the top of thick oil reservoir under the condition of vertical well.
Sealed coring technology can obtain the cores free contaminated from drilling fluid and series of geologic data such as the accurate oil or water saturation. It plays an important role during oil or gas development and reserve assessment. With the development of the thin zones with low oil abundance by using horizontal wells, in order to improve per well production, reserves producing level and the development effect of target zones, studying the principle and way of horizontal-vertical well pattern must obtain more accurate geological data of cores using continuous sealed coring technology for horizontal well.
This paper analyzes the difficulties of horizontal well sealed coring technique. Horizontal well sealed coring tools have been designed according to the stress analysis of the drilling tool inside the horizontal section and the theory of sealed coring. Four types of BHA which can adjust well trajectory during coring have been designed by establishing and evaluating the theoretical model. High efficient synthetic sealed fluid has been developed through laboratory studies. The tests on site have verified effectively the coring tools, BHA, the synthetic sealed fluid. A set of sealed coring techniques for horizontal well which are suitable for the characteristics of the horizontal wells in Daqing have been formed. The tool instructions and operating procedures have been worked out.
The research of this subject is a good supplement of the existing coring technologies. It improves horizontal well drilling techniques. It is very important to develop reasonable exploration and development program, to enhance oil recovery and tap the deliverability of the oilfield.
引文
[1]刘显太.胜利油田水平井开发技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(4):45-47.
[2]陈晓林.国内水平井定向井取心技术及工具[J].探矿工程,2007,(9):75-77.
[3]刘春来,王晓舟,张洪君,等.水平井取心工具在杏6-1-平35井中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(4):114-116.
[4]王玉玺,王晓舟,张洪君,刘春来.大庆油田水平井长段连续取心技术[J].西部探矿工程,2009,(2):67-69.
[5]王智峰,薄万顺,许俊良.大斜度井取心技术[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(4):84-85.
[6]朱全塔,邱正松.孤平1井超长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(6):68-71.
[7]张洪志.密闭取心检查井对油层水淹状况的认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1992,(2):35-38.
[8]范文星.密闭取心钻井技术及其问题探讨[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(2):129-131.
[9]蒋杰,毕永进,温林荣,等.取心作业中影响岩心密闭率的因素分析[J].钻采工艺,2000,35(3):35-37.
[10]徐俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(一)[J].石油机械,2000,28(9):53-56.
[11]徐俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(二)[J].石油机械, 2000, 28(10):53-57.
[12]梁保昌,刘国祥.水平井取心技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油钻探技术,1997,25(2):14-15.
[13]张绍先,张洪君,袭杰,等.裂缝性泥岩探井水平井取心工具的研制和应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(5):38-39.
[14]钱明壮.密闭液的配制与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1982, (3):23-25.
[15]马桂清,于克敏等.深井取心密闭液WHC-3的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,1994,11(4):9-12.
[16]马桂清,薛玉志,向兴贵,等.合成基密闭液的研制与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2006,34(4):50-51.
[17]王建毅,顾军,郭维峰,等.影响岩心密闭率因素的实例分析[J].吐哈油气,2000,(1):25-26.
[18]黄本生,刘清友.水平井钻柱动力学研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2009,,(3):33-34.
[19]霍进,史晓川,张一军,等.新疆油田水平井地质导向技术研究及应用[J].特种油气藏,2008 (3):42-43.
[20]刘巨宝,张学鸿,孙超,钟启刚等.水平井钻柱受力变形分析的曲梁单元[J].天然气工业,1996,(6):27-29.
[21]苏义脑.水平井井眼轨迹控制研究浅谈[J].钻采工艺,1992(4):101-107.
[22]苏义脑.水平井井眼轨道控制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[23]刘晖.梁9-平1水平井井眼轨迹控制技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2005(4):9-11.
[24]刘巨保.下部钻具纵横弯曲非线性有限元分析[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(2):64-67.
[25]周全兴.钻采工具手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[26]董林海.大井斜大位移定向井岩屑运移问题研究[J].内江科技,2008,(9):113.
[27]许俊良.水平井取心工具承托弹簧设计[J].石油钻采工艺,1996,18(2):35-38.
[28]朴玉芝.自锁式中长筒取心技术在渤中地区的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,27(5): 39-40.
[29]刘丽黎,陈燕霞,蒋庆祥,等.胜利保形取心技术在南海油田应用[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(6):90-92.
[30]林志强,杨甘生,张建.保形取心技术及其在松科1井中的应用研究[J].探矿工程, 2007,7:49-51.
[31]袭杰,王晓舟,杨永祥,等.保压取心技术在吐哈油田陵检14-241井的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(3):19-21.
[32]王晓舟,杨永祥,王玉武,等.定向保液取心工具的研制和应用[J].石油钻探技术, 2000,28(6):36-37.
[33]易贵华,张德智.松散地层取心现状及其对策[J].新疆石油科技,1992,4(1):13-15.
[34]许俊良,薄万顺,蒋庆祥.球悬挂取心技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(4):85-87.
[35]许俊良,蒋庆祥,薄万顺.解堵取心装置研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(1):76-77.
[36]英国专利. Core barrel with adjustable joint.
[37]美国专利. Core barrel adjusting selstem,1991.
[38]刘善德,马汝耕,赵振海,等.钻井数据手册[M].哈尔滨:龙江科技出版社,1990.
[39]吴晓川.水平井水平段大段取心钻井技术研究[D].大庆石油学院学位论文,2009.
[40]张兆文.水平段大段取心钻具力学分析与计算[D].大庆石油学院学位论文,2009.
[41]邹野,李治淼,赵贤初,岳欠杯.杏6-1-平35井水平段取心钻具设计[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(6):74-76.
[42] Durandeau, M., Anis, A-H., and Fanti, G., 1996, Successful field evaluation of the efficiency of a gas gravity drainage process by applying recent developments in sponge coring technique in a major oil field, paper SCA-9605, in International SCA symposium proceedings: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, Society of Core Analysts Chapter-at-Large, 10 p.
[43] Fehr, G., 1996, Wireline coring/open center reaming--technical problems and solutions, in ASME/API Energy Week 96 conference proceedings, book 3, Drilling and production economics: American Society of Mechanical Engineers [J], p. 20-29.
[44] Rathmell, J.J., Bloys, J.B., Bulling, T.P., Parr, J.J., Pasternack, E.S., Jerauld, G.R., and Sakurai, S., 1995, Low invasion, synthetic oil-base mud coring in the Yacheng 13-1 gas reservoir for gas-in-place calculation, SPE-29985, in International meeting on petroleum engineering proceedings, v. 2: Society of Petroleum Engineers, p. 335-346.
[45] Skopec, R.A., Collee, P., and Tyler, P., 1996, Recent advances in coring technology--new techniques to enhance reservoir evaluation and improve coring economics, paper SCA-9604, in International SCA symposium proceedings: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, Society of Core Analysts Chapter-at-Large, 11 p.
[46] Warren, T., Powers, J., Bode, D., Carre, E., and Smith, L., 1996, Development of a commercial wireline retrievable coring system, SPE-36536, in Annual technical conference and exhibition proceedings, v. omega, Formation evaluation and reservoir geology: Society of Petroleum Engineers, p. 111-118.
[47] Liu Jubao, Ding Haojiang., Zhang Xuehong. Application of gas element to non-line mechanics of drill string[J]. Journal of Zhejiang university of science,2002,3(4): 38-54.
[48] Francisco Ramirez . et a1. Experience using microbubales—aphron drilling fluid in mature reservoirs of lake.
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[2]陈晓林.国内水平井定向井取心技术及工具[J].探矿工程,2007,(9):75-77.
[3]刘春来,王晓舟,张洪君,等.水平井取心工具在杏6-1-平35井中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(4):114-116.
[4]王玉玺,王晓舟,张洪君,刘春来.大庆油田水平井长段连续取心技术[J].西部探矿工程,2009,(2):67-69.
[5]王智峰,薄万顺,许俊良.大斜度井取心技术[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(4):84-85.
[6]朱全塔,邱正松.孤平1井超长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(6):68-71.
[7]张洪志.密闭取心检查井对油层水淹状况的认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1992,(2):35-38.
[8]范文星.密闭取心钻井技术及其问题探讨[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(2):129-131.
[9]蒋杰,毕永进,温林荣,等.取心作业中影响岩心密闭率的因素分析[J].钻采工艺,2000,35(3):35-37.
[10]徐俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(一)[J].石油机械,2000,28(9):53-56.
[11]徐俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(二)[J].石油机械, 2000, 28(10):53-57.
[12]梁保昌,刘国祥.水平井取心技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油钻探技术,1997,25(2):14-15.
[13]张绍先,张洪君,袭杰,等.裂缝性泥岩探井水平井取心工具的研制和应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(5):38-39.
[14]钱明壮.密闭液的配制与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1982, (3):23-25.
[15]马桂清,于克敏等.深井取心密闭液WHC-3的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,1994,11(4):9-12.
[16]马桂清,薛玉志,向兴贵,等.合成基密闭液的研制与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2006,34(4):50-51.
[17]王建毅,顾军,郭维峰,等.影响岩心密闭率因素的实例分析[J].吐哈油气,2000,(1):25-26.
[18]黄本生,刘清友.水平井钻柱动力学研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2009,,(3):33-34.
[19]霍进,史晓川,张一军,等.新疆油田水平井地质导向技术研究及应用[J].特种油气藏,2008 (3):42-43.
[20]刘巨宝,张学鸿,孙超,钟启刚等.水平井钻柱受力变形分析的曲梁单元[J].天然气工业,1996,(6):27-29.
[21]苏义脑.水平井井眼轨迹控制研究浅谈[J].钻采工艺,1992(4):101-107.
[22]苏义脑.水平井井眼轨道控制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[23]刘晖.梁9-平1水平井井眼轨迹控制技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2005(4):9-11.
[24]刘巨保.下部钻具纵横弯曲非线性有限元分析[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(2):64-67.
[25]周全兴.钻采工具手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[26]董林海.大井斜大位移定向井岩屑运移问题研究[J].内江科技,2008,(9):113.
[27]许俊良.水平井取心工具承托弹簧设计[J].石油钻采工艺,1996,18(2):35-38.
[28]朴玉芝.自锁式中长筒取心技术在渤中地区的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,27(5): 39-40.
[29]刘丽黎,陈燕霞,蒋庆祥,等.胜利保形取心技术在南海油田应用[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(6):90-92.
[30]林志强,杨甘生,张建.保形取心技术及其在松科1井中的应用研究[J].探矿工程, 2007,7:49-51.
[31]袭杰,王晓舟,杨永祥,等.保压取心技术在吐哈油田陵检14-241井的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(3):19-21.
[32]王晓舟,杨永祥,王玉武,等.定向保液取心工具的研制和应用[J].石油钻探技术, 2000,28(6):36-37.
[33]易贵华,张德智.松散地层取心现状及其对策[J].新疆石油科技,1992,4(1):13-15.
[34]许俊良,薄万顺,蒋庆祥.球悬挂取心技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(4):85-87.
[35]许俊良,蒋庆祥,薄万顺.解堵取心装置研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(1):76-77.
[36]英国专利. Core barrel with adjustable joint.
[37]美国专利. Core barrel adjusting selstem,1991.
[38]刘善德,马汝耕,赵振海,等.钻井数据手册[M].哈尔滨:龙江科技出版社,1990.
[39]吴晓川.水平井水平段大段取心钻井技术研究[D].大庆石油学院学位论文,2009.
[40]张兆文.水平段大段取心钻具力学分析与计算[D].大庆石油学院学位论文,2009.
[41]邹野,李治淼,赵贤初,岳欠杯.杏6-1-平35井水平段取心钻具设计[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(6):74-76.
[42] Durandeau, M., Anis, A-H., and Fanti, G., 1996, Successful field evaluation of the efficiency of a gas gravity drainage process by applying recent developments in sponge coring technique in a major oil field, paper SCA-9605, in International SCA symposium proceedings: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, Society of Core Analysts Chapter-at-Large, 10 p.
[43] Fehr, G., 1996, Wireline coring/open center reaming--technical problems and solutions, in ASME/API Energy Week 96 conference proceedings, book 3, Drilling and production economics: American Society of Mechanical Engineers [J], p. 20-29.
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