水平井及分支水平井的渗流机理及开发设计
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摘要
水平井、分支水平井技术是国内外油气田开发、提高采收率的重要手段。对水平井及分支水平井的渗流机理及开发设计研究可以充分发挥水平井及分支水平井的潜力,对提高油田开发效果具有重要意义。
本文针对水平井渗流中的一系列问题,从渗流力学的基本理论出发,围绕数学模型,研究了封闭边界油藏、定压边界油藏、底水驱油藏、气顶驱油藏、顶底封闭有边水油藏、顶底封闭无边水油藏以及溶解气驱油藏水平井单井稳定渗流理论,在此基础之上,获得了相应的产能方程;通过采用拟三维思想,将三维空间渗流问题转化为二维平面渗流问题,研究了油藏四分支水平井稳定渗流理论,以此为基础,类推出了n分支水平井的产能方程;研究了水平井不稳定渗流理论,通过建立水平井不稳定渗流数学模型,采取积分变换、渐进分析等方法,得到了晚期拟稳定流产量计算公式,并对其参数进行了敏感性分析;研究了分支水平井不稳定渗流理论,得到了两种边界条件下n分支水平井的压力分布表达式,并计算出不同分支的压力动态特征曲线,分析了影响压力动态的因素,系统研究了渗流特征;研究了水平井油水两相渗流理论,获得了油水两相渗流的特征线解,并对开发指标进行了计算,通过实例,从注入效率、原油粘度等方面分析了油藏水平井油水两相渗流产能的影响因素;从地层和井筒两个主要方面对影响水平井产能的因素作了一个全面、深入的定性、定量分析,同时对分支水平井的产能影响因素也进行了简要分析;最后,对水平井开发设计中确定水平井合理水平段长度、在边底水油藏中的合理水平位置和垂向位置等进行了研究,得到了考虑井筒摩擦时的水平井合理长度以及水平井在油藏中的最优位置。
The technology of horizontal well and multi-lateral horizontal well is an important method for oil and gas development and improving recovery both at home and abroad. The study on percolation mechanism and development and design of horizontal well and multilateral can give full play to potentiality of horizontal well and multilateral horizontal well, make a great significance for improving the development effect of the oil field.
In this paper, in view of a range of issues occurred in the infiltrating fluid of horizontal well, from the basic theory of fluid mechanics in porous medium, base on the mathematical model, the horizontal well single well stable flow theories of reservoirs with enclosed boundaries, reservoirs with a constant pressure outer boundary, bottom water drive reservoir, gas cap drive reservoir, reservoirs with edge water and enclosed top and bottom, reservoirs with enclosed top and bottom but without edge water as well as bubble point reservoir are studied, and based on this, the corresponding productivity equation can be obtained. By using the pseudo-three-dimensional thinking, the seepage problem in the three-dimensional is transformed into two-dimensional, the stable percolation theory of four branches horizontal wells is studied and on this basis, the productivity equations of n-lateral horizontal wells are analogized.The transient flow theory of the horizontal well is studied, and the mathematical model of transient flow of horizontal well is established through integral transform and asymptotic analysis and other methods, the production formula of late pseudo steady state flow is obtained, and does the sensitivity analysis on parameters.The transient flow theory of lateral horizontal well is studied, the pressure distribution expression of n-lateral horizontal well in the conditions of two boundary is obtained, and we can calculate the pressure dynamic characteristics curves of the different branches, and analyze the affecting factors that affect the pressure behavior. And study oil-water two-phase percolation theory for horizontal well, obtain the characteristics of oil-water two-phase flow, and calculate the development indexes, according to the example, we analyze affecting factors that affect the deliverability of oil-water 2-phase percolation of horizontal well from the injection efficiency, crude oil viscosity. And from the two major aspects, formation and wellbore, the comprehensive and in-depth qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis can be done for the factors which impact the productivity of horizontal well, while the brief analysis of production influence factors of lateral horizontal well also be done.Finally, the determination of reasonable length of horizontal section in the development design of horizontal well and the reasonable level position and vertical location in the edge and bottom water reservoir are studied, and the reasonable length of horizontal wells and the optimum position that horizontal wells in the reservoir when the well bore friction is taken into consideration are obtained.
本文针对水平井渗流中的一系列问题,从渗流力学的基本理论出发,围绕数学模型,研究了封闭边界油藏、定压边界油藏、底水驱油藏、气顶驱油藏、顶底封闭有边水油藏、顶底封闭无边水油藏以及溶解气驱油藏水平井单井稳定渗流理论,在此基础之上,获得了相应的产能方程;通过采用拟三维思想,将三维空间渗流问题转化为二维平面渗流问题,研究了油藏四分支水平井稳定渗流理论,以此为基础,类推出了n分支水平井的产能方程;研究了水平井不稳定渗流理论,通过建立水平井不稳定渗流数学模型,采取积分变换、渐进分析等方法,得到了晚期拟稳定流产量计算公式,并对其参数进行了敏感性分析;研究了分支水平井不稳定渗流理论,得到了两种边界条件下n分支水平井的压力分布表达式,并计算出不同分支的压力动态特征曲线,分析了影响压力动态的因素,系统研究了渗流特征;研究了水平井油水两相渗流理论,获得了油水两相渗流的特征线解,并对开发指标进行了计算,通过实例,从注入效率、原油粘度等方面分析了油藏水平井油水两相渗流产能的影响因素;从地层和井筒两个主要方面对影响水平井产能的因素作了一个全面、深入的定性、定量分析,同时对分支水平井的产能影响因素也进行了简要分析;最后,对水平井开发设计中确定水平井合理水平段长度、在边底水油藏中的合理水平位置和垂向位置等进行了研究,得到了考虑井筒摩擦时的水平井合理长度以及水平井在油藏中的最优位置。
The technology of horizontal well and multi-lateral horizontal well is an important method for oil and gas development and improving recovery both at home and abroad. The study on percolation mechanism and development and design of horizontal well and multilateral can give full play to potentiality of horizontal well and multilateral horizontal well, make a great significance for improving the development effect of the oil field.
In this paper, in view of a range of issues occurred in the infiltrating fluid of horizontal well, from the basic theory of fluid mechanics in porous medium, base on the mathematical model, the horizontal well single well stable flow theories of reservoirs with enclosed boundaries, reservoirs with a constant pressure outer boundary, bottom water drive reservoir, gas cap drive reservoir, reservoirs with edge water and enclosed top and bottom, reservoirs with enclosed top and bottom but without edge water as well as bubble point reservoir are studied, and based on this, the corresponding productivity equation can be obtained. By using the pseudo-three-dimensional thinking, the seepage problem in the three-dimensional is transformed into two-dimensional, the stable percolation theory of four branches horizontal wells is studied and on this basis, the productivity equations of n-lateral horizontal wells are analogized.The transient flow theory of the horizontal well is studied, and the mathematical model of transient flow of horizontal well is established through integral transform and asymptotic analysis and other methods, the production formula of late pseudo steady state flow is obtained, and does the sensitivity analysis on parameters.The transient flow theory of lateral horizontal well is studied, the pressure distribution expression of n-lateral horizontal well in the conditions of two boundary is obtained, and we can calculate the pressure dynamic characteristics curves of the different branches, and analyze the affecting factors that affect the pressure behavior. And study oil-water two-phase percolation theory for horizontal well, obtain the characteristics of oil-water two-phase flow, and calculate the development indexes, according to the example, we analyze affecting factors that affect the deliverability of oil-water 2-phase percolation of horizontal well from the injection efficiency, crude oil viscosity. And from the two major aspects, formation and wellbore, the comprehensive and in-depth qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis can be done for the factors which impact the productivity of horizontal well, while the brief analysis of production influence factors of lateral horizontal well also be done.Finally, the determination of reasonable length of horizontal section in the development design of horizontal well and the reasonable level position and vertical location in the edge and bottom water reservoir are studied, and the reasonable length of horizontal wells and the optimum position that horizontal wells in the reservoir when the well bore friction is taken into consideration are obtained.
引文
[1]陈海龙.水平井_分支井产能分析理论研究[D].西南:西南石油学院,2003.
[2]张宏逵编(译).水平井油藏工程基础[J].油气田开发工程译丛,1991:46~78.
[3] Giger F M. The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Horizontal Drilling.SPE 10324,1984.
[4] Giger F M. Horizontal Wells Production Techniques in Heterogeneous Reservoir.SPE 13710,1985.
[5] Giger. Low Permeability Reservoir DeveloPment using Horizontal Wells.SPE 16406.
[6] Joshi S D. A Review of Horizontal Well and Drainhole Technology.SPE 16868,1988.
[7] Kuchuk F J. Pressure Transient Analysis for Horizontal Wells.SPE 18300,1988.
[8] Joshi S.D.A Review of Horizontal Well and Drain Hole Teehnology.SPE 16868.
[9] Joshi S.D. Produetion Foreeasting Methods for Horizontal Wells.SPE 17580.
[10] Babu D.K. Produetivity of a Horizontal Well,SPE 18298.
[11] Kuehuk FJ. Pressure Transient Analysis and Inflow Perofrmance for Horizontal Wells.SPE 18300.
[12] Goode P.A. Inflow Performace of Horizontal wells.SPE 21460.
[13] Mukherjee,Hemanta. A Parametrie Comparison of Horizontal and Vertieal Well Performance.SPE 18303.
[14] Goode P.A. Inflow Performance of Partially Open Horizontal Wel1s.SPE 19341.
[15] Renard G.. Influence of Formation Damage on the Flow Effieiency of Horizontal wells.SPE 19414.
[16] Thomas L.K. Horizontal well IPR ealeulations.SPE 36753.
[17]郎兆新.多井底水平井渗流问题某些解析解[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(4):40~47.
[18]曲德斌,葛家理,王德民.水平井与直井联合面积布井的开发理论研究(一)一般的五点面积井网[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(1):35~38.
[19]宋付权.水平井稳态产能公式综述与分析[J].试采技术,1996,4(17):1~5.
[20]范子菲,林志芳.底水驱动油藏水平井井网产能公式[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):62~69.
[21]李培,韩大匡,李凡华等.水平井无限井排产能公式[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(3):45~48.
[22]刘想平.底水驱油藏水平井三维稳态解产能公式[J].江汉石油学院学报,1998,20(l):54~58.
[23]李远钦,刘雯林.水平井产量分布反演[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(3):66~71.
[24]王卫红,李嗬.分支水平井产能研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1997,19(4):53~57.
[25]张望月,韩大匡,闫存章.水平井油藏内三维势分布及精确产能公式[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(3):49~52.
[26]姚约东,葛家理,何顺利.水平井五点井网产能计算研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(3):41~43.
[27]程林松,李春兰,郎兆新等.分支水平井产能的研究[J].石油学报,1995,16(2):49-55.
[28] Penmatcha V R,Aziz K. Comprehensive reservoir/wellbore model for horizontal wells.SPE 57194,1999.
[29]刘想平,张兆顺,崔桂香.鱼刺多分支井向井流动态关系[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):57-60.
[30]黄世军,程林松,李秀生等.多分支水平井压力系统分析模型[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):81-86.
[31]王晓冬,刘慈群.分支水平井三维不定常渗流研究[J].石油大学学报,1997,21(2):43-49.
[32]韩国庆,吴晓东,陈昊.多层非均质油藏双分支井产能影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(4):81-85.
[33]段永刚,陈伟,黄天虎.多分支井渗流和不稳定压力特征分析[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2):136-138.
[34]程林松.水平井油-水两相渗流的有限元方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,1995,10(3):309~314.
[35]刘慈群.水平井两相渗流[J].力学与实践,1993,15(2):23~24.
[36]郭人立.边部注水时裂缝性油藏中水平井两相渗流模型[J].应用数学与力学,1995,16(1):873~877.
[37] Cheng A M. Inflow performance relationships for solution gas drive Slanted/Horizontal wells. SPE 20720,1990.
[38] Vogel J H. Inflow performance relationships for solution gas drive wells. JPT Jan.1968,83~92.
[39] Bendakhlia H,A ziz K. Inflow performance relationships for solution gas drive Horizontal wells. SPE 19823,1989.
[40]黄炳光.IPR曲线在水平井动态分析中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,5(22):56~58.
[41]刘想平.溶解气驱油藏水平井无因次IPR曲线的新相关式及其应用[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(1):61~63.
[42]葛家理.油气层渗流力学[M],北京:石油工业出版社,1982.
[43]韩大匡,陈钦雷,闫存章.油藏数值模拟基础[M],北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[44]蒋官澄,鄢捷年,吴学诗.水平井储层损害的室内评价方法.石油大学学报,1993(4):28~34.
[45]窦宏恩,刘翔鹗.影响水平井产量的主要因素与提高产量的途径[J].石油钻采工艺,1997,19(2):68~71.
[46] Joshi S.D. Augmentation of Well Productivity with Slant and Horizontal Wells.SPE15375,1988.
[47]范子菲,方宏长,俞国凡.水平井水平段最优长度设计方法研究[J].石油学报,1997,18(1):56~62.
[48]陈海龙,李晓平,李其正.水平井段最优长度的确定方法研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,(01):47~48.
[2]张宏逵编(译).水平井油藏工程基础[J].油气田开发工程译丛,1991:46~78.
[3] Giger F M. The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Horizontal Drilling.SPE 10324,1984.
[4] Giger F M. Horizontal Wells Production Techniques in Heterogeneous Reservoir.SPE 13710,1985.
[5] Giger. Low Permeability Reservoir DeveloPment using Horizontal Wells.SPE 16406.
[6] Joshi S D. A Review of Horizontal Well and Drainhole Technology.SPE 16868,1988.
[7] Kuchuk F J. Pressure Transient Analysis for Horizontal Wells.SPE 18300,1988.
[8] Joshi S.D.A Review of Horizontal Well and Drain Hole Teehnology.SPE 16868.
[9] Joshi S.D. Produetion Foreeasting Methods for Horizontal Wells.SPE 17580.
[10] Babu D.K. Produetivity of a Horizontal Well,SPE 18298.
[11] Kuehuk FJ. Pressure Transient Analysis and Inflow Perofrmance for Horizontal Wells.SPE 18300.
[12] Goode P.A. Inflow Performace of Horizontal wells.SPE 21460.
[13] Mukherjee,Hemanta. A Parametrie Comparison of Horizontal and Vertieal Well Performance.SPE 18303.
[14] Goode P.A. Inflow Performance of Partially Open Horizontal Wel1s.SPE 19341.
[15] Renard G.. Influence of Formation Damage on the Flow Effieiency of Horizontal wells.SPE 19414.
[16] Thomas L.K. Horizontal well IPR ealeulations.SPE 36753.
[17]郎兆新.多井底水平井渗流问题某些解析解[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(4):40~47.
[18]曲德斌,葛家理,王德民.水平井与直井联合面积布井的开发理论研究(一)一般的五点面积井网[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(1):35~38.
[19]宋付权.水平井稳态产能公式综述与分析[J].试采技术,1996,4(17):1~5.
[20]范子菲,林志芳.底水驱动油藏水平井井网产能公式[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):62~69.
[21]李培,韩大匡,李凡华等.水平井无限井排产能公式[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(3):45~48.
[22]刘想平.底水驱油藏水平井三维稳态解产能公式[J].江汉石油学院学报,1998,20(l):54~58.
[23]李远钦,刘雯林.水平井产量分布反演[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(3):66~71.
[24]王卫红,李嗬.分支水平井产能研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1997,19(4):53~57.
[25]张望月,韩大匡,闫存章.水平井油藏内三维势分布及精确产能公式[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(3):49~52.
[26]姚约东,葛家理,何顺利.水平井五点井网产能计算研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(3):41~43.
[27]程林松,李春兰,郎兆新等.分支水平井产能的研究[J].石油学报,1995,16(2):49-55.
[28] Penmatcha V R,Aziz K. Comprehensive reservoir/wellbore model for horizontal wells.SPE 57194,1999.
[29]刘想平,张兆顺,崔桂香.鱼刺多分支井向井流动态关系[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):57-60.
[30]黄世军,程林松,李秀生等.多分支水平井压力系统分析模型[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):81-86.
[31]王晓冬,刘慈群.分支水平井三维不定常渗流研究[J].石油大学学报,1997,21(2):43-49.
[32]韩国庆,吴晓东,陈昊.多层非均质油藏双分支井产能影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(4):81-85.
[33]段永刚,陈伟,黄天虎.多分支井渗流和不稳定压力特征分析[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2):136-138.
[34]程林松.水平井油-水两相渗流的有限元方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,1995,10(3):309~314.
[35]刘慈群.水平井两相渗流[J].力学与实践,1993,15(2):23~24.
[36]郭人立.边部注水时裂缝性油藏中水平井两相渗流模型[J].应用数学与力学,1995,16(1):873~877.
[37] Cheng A M. Inflow performance relationships for solution gas drive Slanted/Horizontal wells. SPE 20720,1990.
[38] Vogel J H. Inflow performance relationships for solution gas drive wells. JPT Jan.1968,83~92.
[39] Bendakhlia H,A ziz K. Inflow performance relationships for solution gas drive Horizontal wells. SPE 19823,1989.
[40]黄炳光.IPR曲线在水平井动态分析中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,5(22):56~58.
[41]刘想平.溶解气驱油藏水平井无因次IPR曲线的新相关式及其应用[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(1):61~63.
[42]葛家理.油气层渗流力学[M],北京:石油工业出版社,1982.
[43]韩大匡,陈钦雷,闫存章.油藏数值模拟基础[M],北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[44]蒋官澄,鄢捷年,吴学诗.水平井储层损害的室内评价方法.石油大学学报,1993(4):28~34.
[45]窦宏恩,刘翔鹗.影响水平井产量的主要因素与提高产量的途径[J].石油钻采工艺,1997,19(2):68~71.
[46] Joshi S.D. Augmentation of Well Productivity with Slant and Horizontal Wells.SPE15375,1988.
[47]范子菲,方宏长,俞国凡.水平井水平段最优长度设计方法研究[J].石油学报,1997,18(1):56~62.
[48]陈海龙,李晓平,李其正.水平井段最优长度的确定方法研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,(01):47~48.
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