基于自适应天线的GPS抗干扰技术研究
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摘要
随着GPS全球定位系统在军事和民用领域越来越广泛的应用,它容易被干扰的问题显得日益严重。由于干扰的影响,GPS接收机性能变得不稳定甚至完全失效。为了使GPS接收机能在干扰环境下正常工作,进行抗干扰GPS接收机的研究就势在必行。
本文在阐述GPS的工作原理、信号格式、射频干扰的影响以及自适应天线基本原理的基础上,研究了天线阵抗干扰问题,取得成果如下:
1.提出了基于自适应天线阵的GPS抗干扰接收机的方案;
2.从最基本的阵元数目确定着手,讨论了阵列形式选择,详细分析了直线阵、矩形阵和圆形阵三种阵列形式的特点,选定了适合于所提出抗干扰方案的阵形;
3.分别分析了DOA估计算法和抗干扰算法,将传统抗干扰算法应用到二维空间角度的零陷成形仿真中,并将传统的DOA估计算法推广到二维空间角度,对其进行了仿真,确定满足基于自适应天线的GPS抗干扰接收机方案的DOA估计算法和抗干扰算法;
4.最后仿真了所提出的GPS抗干扰接收机方案的性能,得出了有益结论。
As GPS receiver has been used in civil and military affair more and more widely. The main problem of GPS is easy to be jammed that is increasingly serious, thus the GPS receiver often works in unstable state or even can not work. For these reasons, it is very important to study the anti-jamming technology for GPS receiver.
Based on the analysis of the work principles, signal characteristics, RF interference influence on GPS, and the adaptive antenna principles, the author studies the problem of anti-jamming and uses antenna array for it. The author’s researches involve four aspects as follows:
1. The scheme of GPS anti-jamming receiver, which is based on adaptive antenna, is put forward.
2. Commence on ensuring the number of antennas in adaptive array, the thesis discusses how to choose the shape of adaptive array, analyzes the features of the line, the rectangle and the circle these three forms array concretely, and finally takes the circle array as our chosen shape.
3. The algorithms of direction of arrival estimation and of the anti-jamming are studied and analyzed separately. The traditional estimation algorithm of direction of arrival and the anti-jamming algorithm are applied and extended to two-dimensional angle, then simulated. The algorithms, which contain DOA estimation and anti-jamming that satisfy the anti-jamming GPS receiver scheme based on adaptive array, are choose through simulation by computer.
4. The performance of anti-jamming GPS receiver is evaluated and a satisfactory conclusion is drawn.
本文在阐述GPS的工作原理、信号格式、射频干扰的影响以及自适应天线基本原理的基础上,研究了天线阵抗干扰问题,取得成果如下:
1.提出了基于自适应天线阵的GPS抗干扰接收机的方案;
2.从最基本的阵元数目确定着手,讨论了阵列形式选择,详细分析了直线阵、矩形阵和圆形阵三种阵列形式的特点,选定了适合于所提出抗干扰方案的阵形;
3.分别分析了DOA估计算法和抗干扰算法,将传统抗干扰算法应用到二维空间角度的零陷成形仿真中,并将传统的DOA估计算法推广到二维空间角度,对其进行了仿真,确定满足基于自适应天线的GPS抗干扰接收机方案的DOA估计算法和抗干扰算法;
4.最后仿真了所提出的GPS抗干扰接收机方案的性能,得出了有益结论。
As GPS receiver has been used in civil and military affair more and more widely. The main problem of GPS is easy to be jammed that is increasingly serious, thus the GPS receiver often works in unstable state or even can not work. For these reasons, it is very important to study the anti-jamming technology for GPS receiver.
Based on the analysis of the work principles, signal characteristics, RF interference influence on GPS, and the adaptive antenna principles, the author studies the problem of anti-jamming and uses antenna array for it. The author’s researches involve four aspects as follows:
1. The scheme of GPS anti-jamming receiver, which is based on adaptive antenna, is put forward.
2. Commence on ensuring the number of antennas in adaptive array, the thesis discusses how to choose the shape of adaptive array, analyzes the features of the line, the rectangle and the circle these three forms array concretely, and finally takes the circle array as our chosen shape.
3. The algorithms of direction of arrival estimation and of the anti-jamming are studied and analyzed separately. The traditional estimation algorithm of direction of arrival and the anti-jamming algorithm are applied and extended to two-dimensional angle, then simulated. The algorithms, which contain DOA estimation and anti-jamming that satisfy the anti-jamming GPS receiver scheme based on adaptive array, are choose through simulation by computer.
4. The performance of anti-jamming GPS receiver is evaluated and a satisfactory conclusion is drawn.
引文
[1]方群,袁建平,郑愕.卫星定位导航基础[M].西北工业大学出版社,1999。
[2]王惠南. GPS导航原理与应用. [M]科学出版社,2003。
[3]干国强,邱志和.导航与定位—现代战争的北斗星[M].国防工业出版,2000。
[4] Elliott Kaplan. GPS原理与应用[M].邱致和,王万义译.电子工业出版社,2004。
[5]熊志昂,李红瑞,赖顺香. GPS技术与工程应用[M].国防工业出版社,2005。
[6] Simon Haykin.自适应滤波器原理(第四版)[M].郑宝玉等译.电子工业出版社,2003。
[7]何振亚.自适应信号处理[M].科学出版社,2002。
[8]林昌禄.天线工程手册[M].电子工业出版社,2002。
[9]盛严慈.自适应天线算法研究[MA].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[10] Ronald L. Dilsavor, Randolph L. Moses .Analysis of modified SMI method for adaptive array weight control. IEEE Transaction on signal processing. vol.41, No.2. February 1993。
[11]张保锋.几种DOA估计算法的性能分析[J].现代电子技术. 2003(9):35～37。
[12]张谨,赵益民,王琦.一种均匀圆阵DOA估计算法[J].空间电子技术。2004(3):46～49。
[13]徐明远,邵玉斌. Matlab仿真在通信与电子工程中的应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2005。
[14] Mohamed E A,王永芳,谈展中.用于GPS接收机的自适应算法抗干扰性能比较[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2006(5)6。
[15] Yoshitaka Hara.Weight-convergence analysis of adaptive antenna arrays based on SMI algorithm. IEEE Transactions on conmmunications vol.2,No.4 July 2003。
[16]刑军,宋铮,吴世龙.几种自适应天线阵列抗干扰性能研究[J].舰船电子工程.2003(4)。
[17] K.Ohnishi,R.T.Milton.A new optimization technique for adaptive antenna arrays . IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation. Vol.41,No.5 May 1993。
[18] Moeness G. Amin, Alan R. Lindsey.Anti-jamming Techniques for GPS Receivers. Final Technical Report. September 2003。
[19]康锡章,雷志东.GPS接收机自适应天线抗干扰的探究[J].航天电子对抗,1997(1)。
[20]王运东,李军.GPS接收机的抗干扰技术[J].船舶电子工程.2006(3)。
[21] Nuri ceik, Wayne kim, Rudy Emrick. Implementation and experimental verification of hybrid smart-antenna beamforming algorithm. IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letters. Vol.5 2006。
[22]王李军. GPS接收机抗干扰若干关键技术研究[D].南京理工大学博士论文. 2006。
[23] R.O.Schmit. Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation. IEEE Trains Antennas and Propagation. AP, vol.34 1986。
[24] F. Taga. Smart MUSIC algorithm for DOA estimation. ELECTRONICS LETTERS Vol.33, No.3 January 1997。
[25]汪晋宽,顾德英.空间自适应信号处理[M].东北大学出版社,2003。
[26]段崇棣. MUSIC算法在通信卫星干扰源定位中的应用[J].空间电子技术,2005(1):37～41。
[27] P. Stoica and A. Neborai. MUSIC, Maximum Likelihood and Cramer-Rao Bound. IEEE. Trans. Acoust, Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 37, May 1989。
[28]孙晓昶,皇甫堪,陈强等. GPS接收机抗干扰空时自适应滤波方法[J].通信学报2004(8):168～173。
[29]韩广宏.自适应功率反演二元阵的性能研究[MA].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,1999。
[30]卢昕.基于DSP的GPS接收机天线抗干扰技术研究[MA].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[31]王琦.智能天线中的DOA估计算法研究[MA].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[32]龚耀寰.自适应滤波(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社,2003。
[2]王惠南. GPS导航原理与应用. [M]科学出版社,2003。
[3]干国强,邱志和.导航与定位—现代战争的北斗星[M].国防工业出版,2000。
[4] Elliott Kaplan. GPS原理与应用[M].邱致和,王万义译.电子工业出版社,2004。
[5]熊志昂,李红瑞,赖顺香. GPS技术与工程应用[M].国防工业出版社,2005。
[6] Simon Haykin.自适应滤波器原理(第四版)[M].郑宝玉等译.电子工业出版社,2003。
[7]何振亚.自适应信号处理[M].科学出版社,2002。
[8]林昌禄.天线工程手册[M].电子工业出版社,2002。
[9]盛严慈.自适应天线算法研究[MA].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[10] Ronald L. Dilsavor, Randolph L. Moses .Analysis of modified SMI method for adaptive array weight control. IEEE Transaction on signal processing. vol.41, No.2. February 1993。
[11]张保锋.几种DOA估计算法的性能分析[J].现代电子技术. 2003(9):35～37。
[12]张谨,赵益民,王琦.一种均匀圆阵DOA估计算法[J].空间电子技术。2004(3):46～49。
[13]徐明远,邵玉斌. Matlab仿真在通信与电子工程中的应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2005。
[14] Mohamed E A,王永芳,谈展中.用于GPS接收机的自适应算法抗干扰性能比较[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2006(5)6。
[15] Yoshitaka Hara.Weight-convergence analysis of adaptive antenna arrays based on SMI algorithm. IEEE Transactions on conmmunications vol.2,No.4 July 2003。
[16]刑军,宋铮,吴世龙.几种自适应天线阵列抗干扰性能研究[J].舰船电子工程.2003(4)。
[17] K.Ohnishi,R.T.Milton.A new optimization technique for adaptive antenna arrays . IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation. Vol.41,No.5 May 1993。
[18] Moeness G. Amin, Alan R. Lindsey.Anti-jamming Techniques for GPS Receivers. Final Technical Report. September 2003。
[19]康锡章,雷志东.GPS接收机自适应天线抗干扰的探究[J].航天电子对抗,1997(1)。
[20]王运东,李军.GPS接收机的抗干扰技术[J].船舶电子工程.2006(3)。
[21] Nuri ceik, Wayne kim, Rudy Emrick. Implementation and experimental verification of hybrid smart-antenna beamforming algorithm. IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letters. Vol.5 2006。
[22]王李军. GPS接收机抗干扰若干关键技术研究[D].南京理工大学博士论文. 2006。
[23] R.O.Schmit. Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation. IEEE Trains Antennas and Propagation. AP, vol.34 1986。
[24] F. Taga. Smart MUSIC algorithm for DOA estimation. ELECTRONICS LETTERS Vol.33, No.3 January 1997。
[25]汪晋宽,顾德英.空间自适应信号处理[M].东北大学出版社,2003。
[26]段崇棣. MUSIC算法在通信卫星干扰源定位中的应用[J].空间电子技术,2005(1):37～41。
[27] P. Stoica and A. Neborai. MUSIC, Maximum Likelihood and Cramer-Rao Bound. IEEE. Trans. Acoust, Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 37, May 1989。
[28]孙晓昶,皇甫堪,陈强等. GPS接收机抗干扰空时自适应滤波方法[J].通信学报2004(8):168～173。
[29]韩广宏.自适应功率反演二元阵的性能研究[MA].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,1999。
[30]卢昕.基于DSP的GPS接收机天线抗干扰技术研究[MA].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[31]王琦.智能天线中的DOA估计算法研究[MA].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[32]龚耀寰.自适应滤波(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社,2003。
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