苦瓜镁素营养生理的研究
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摘要
本研究以苦瓜品种“台湾翠玉”、“蓝山长白”和“广东青皮”为材料,设0 mg/L,20 mg/L,40 mg/L,80 mg/L,160 mg/L五个镁浓度,利用砂培研究镁对苦瓜生长发育、活性氧代谢和碳氮代谢的影响。主要结果如下:
(1)在本实验中,苦瓜品种“台湾翠玉”、“蓝山长白”和“广东青皮”的最适施镁浓度均为40 mg/L,小于20 mg/L或大于80 mg/L均会影响苦瓜生长。三个苦瓜品种镁效率的高低依次为“台湾翠玉”>“蓝山长白”>“广东青皮”。
(2)镁胁迫条件下,苦瓜地上部和地下部生长都受到不同程度的影响。镁抑制了苦瓜叶片的大小、株高和地上部的干物质的累积,同时也抑制苦瓜地下部根系的正常生长和根系的干重,缺镁胁迫对3个品种苦瓜农艺指标的影响大于过量镁胁迫。
(3)缺镁和过量镁症状出现的时间有所不同,缺镁比过量镁的出现的时间要早,而且症状表现的更严重。苦瓜生长初期过量镁症状不明显,处理30 d后才表现出症状,苦瓜缺镁症状则较早表现症状。缺镁和过量镁处理的症状均先出现在下部的老叶上。
(4)镁胁迫降低叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶的活力,从而阻碍了苦瓜碳氮代谢,使苦瓜叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量下降。但适量的施用镁肥可以显著提高苦瓜叶片叶绿素含量,增强叶片的光合强度,促进碳水化合物可溶性糖的积累。
(5)镁胁迫刺激叶片中超氧阴离子产生速率和H2O2含量增加,破坏了苦瓜叶片中细胞膜的结构和功能,使丙二醛大量积累,导致细胞膜透性不断增大,这表明镁胁迫使苦瓜受到伤害。
(6)适量施用镁肥可提高苦瓜叶片中的SOD、POD和CAT活力,增强苦瓜清除体内氧自由基的能力,可以有效延缓苦瓜植株的衰老。
(7)缺镁和过量镁有利于促进苦瓜叶片中的游离脯氨酸积累,对叶片起到一定的保护作用,但随着高浓度处理和处理时间的延长,游离脯氨酸含量的增加量变小。
(8)镁胁迫下,苦瓜植株也借助GSH—AsA循环清除体内过剩的活性氧。镁胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性比较高,对植株起到一定的保护作用。
(9)镁胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性随着镁浓度的增加不断增加,在40 mg/L处理时达到最大值,随后又随着镁浓度的增加而有所减少。
(10)镁胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随着镁浓度的增加不断减少,在40 mg/L处理时达到最小值,随后又随着镁浓度的增加而有所增加。
(11)缺镁和过量镁胁迫可促进苦瓜体内类黄酮等一些活性物质的积累,提高苦瓜植株的抗逆性。
Balsam pear cultivars "Taiwancuiyu","Lanshanchangbai" and "Guangdongqingpi" grown in pots containing sand were used to study for the growth,antioxidant systems and photosynthetic system under Mg concentration of 0mg/L,20mg/L,40mg/L,80mg/L,160mg/L. The main results were as follows:
(1) The optimum Mg consistence balsam pear cultivars "Taiwancuiyu","Lanshanchangbai" and "Guangdongqingpi" was 40mg/L, when the Mg consistence was <20mg/L, it affected the the growth of balsam pear,when the Mg consistence was >80mg/L, it also affected the the growth of balsam pear. The height of Mg efficiency of three balsam pear was "Taiwancuiyu">"Lanshanchangbai" > "Guangdongqingpi".
(2) Under the stress of Mg,the growth of balsam pear roots and shoots were subject to varying degrees Mg inhibited the shoot growth of balsam pear ,such as the size of leaf, plant height and the cumulation of shoot dry weight ;it also inhibited the normal growth , dry weight of balsam pear root, Mg deficiency stress had agreater effect on agronomy indexes than that of high Mg stress of three balsam pear.
(3) The time of symptom of Mg deficiency stress and high Mg stress were different. The time of deficiency of Mg stress was earlier than that of high Mg stress,and the symptom was more serious. Balsam pear under Mg deficiency stress did not reveal obvious symptom in the early growth stage. before 30 days treatment. Mg deficiency stress and high Mg stress firstly acted on bottom leaves.
(4) Mg deficiency stress decreased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of balsam pear leaf nitrate reductase(NR),and it embarrassed carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and decreased the content of soluble sugar and protein . Application Mg proper could increase the rate of photosynthetic,the content of chlorophyll, the synthesis andaccumulation of carbohydrate soluble sugar.
(5) The generation of H2O2 and O2.- content increased under the stress of Mg,it damaged the structure and function of cell membrane, arosed MDA accumulation, led to the increase of cell membrane permeability, it was indicated that balsam pear was damaged by Mg stress.
(6) Proper Mg application significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD), raised the ability of anti-oxidant of balsam pear and could postpone the senescence of plants.
(7) Under the deficiency stress and high Mg stress , the content of free proline in balsam pear was cumulated,and it protected balsam pear leaves. The increase was lower in the high concentration and further stress of Mg.
(8) Under the stress of Mg, balsam pear clear up superfluous active oxygen by dint of GSH-AsA cycle. Under the stress of Mg ,balsam pear leaf’s ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity was active ,and it protected the balsam pear .
(9) Under the stress of Mg, the activities of balsam pear leaf’s dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR) enhanced in the increased concentration stress of Mg,it got the maximum under the concentration of 40mg/L,and decreased in the increased concentration stress of Mg.
(10) Under the stress of Mg, the activities of balsam pear leaf’s ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity glutathione reductase(GR) decreased in the increased concentration stress of Mg,it got the minimum under the concentration of 40mg/L,and enhanced in the increased concentration stress of Mg.
(11) Under the deficiency stress and high Mg stress, the content of flavonoid in balsam pear was cumulated, and the resistibility in balsam pear enhanced.
(1)在本实验中,苦瓜品种“台湾翠玉”、“蓝山长白”和“广东青皮”的最适施镁浓度均为40 mg/L,小于20 mg/L或大于80 mg/L均会影响苦瓜生长。三个苦瓜品种镁效率的高低依次为“台湾翠玉”>“蓝山长白”>“广东青皮”。
(2)镁胁迫条件下,苦瓜地上部和地下部生长都受到不同程度的影响。镁抑制了苦瓜叶片的大小、株高和地上部的干物质的累积,同时也抑制苦瓜地下部根系的正常生长和根系的干重,缺镁胁迫对3个品种苦瓜农艺指标的影响大于过量镁胁迫。
(3)缺镁和过量镁症状出现的时间有所不同,缺镁比过量镁的出现的时间要早,而且症状表现的更严重。苦瓜生长初期过量镁症状不明显,处理30 d后才表现出症状,苦瓜缺镁症状则较早表现症状。缺镁和过量镁处理的症状均先出现在下部的老叶上。
(4)镁胁迫降低叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶的活力,从而阻碍了苦瓜碳氮代谢,使苦瓜叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量下降。但适量的施用镁肥可以显著提高苦瓜叶片叶绿素含量,增强叶片的光合强度,促进碳水化合物可溶性糖的积累。
(5)镁胁迫刺激叶片中超氧阴离子产生速率和H2O2含量增加,破坏了苦瓜叶片中细胞膜的结构和功能,使丙二醛大量积累,导致细胞膜透性不断增大,这表明镁胁迫使苦瓜受到伤害。
(6)适量施用镁肥可提高苦瓜叶片中的SOD、POD和CAT活力,增强苦瓜清除体内氧自由基的能力,可以有效延缓苦瓜植株的衰老。
(7)缺镁和过量镁有利于促进苦瓜叶片中的游离脯氨酸积累,对叶片起到一定的保护作用,但随着高浓度处理和处理时间的延长,游离脯氨酸含量的增加量变小。
(8)镁胁迫下,苦瓜植株也借助GSH—AsA循环清除体内过剩的活性氧。镁胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性比较高,对植株起到一定的保护作用。
(9)镁胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性随着镁浓度的增加不断增加,在40 mg/L处理时达到最大值,随后又随着镁浓度的增加而有所减少。
(10)镁胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随着镁浓度的增加不断减少,在40 mg/L处理时达到最小值,随后又随着镁浓度的增加而有所增加。
(11)缺镁和过量镁胁迫可促进苦瓜体内类黄酮等一些活性物质的积累,提高苦瓜植株的抗逆性。
Balsam pear cultivars "Taiwancuiyu","Lanshanchangbai" and "Guangdongqingpi" grown in pots containing sand were used to study for the growth,antioxidant systems and photosynthetic system under Mg concentration of 0mg/L,20mg/L,40mg/L,80mg/L,160mg/L. The main results were as follows:
(1) The optimum Mg consistence balsam pear cultivars "Taiwancuiyu","Lanshanchangbai" and "Guangdongqingpi" was 40mg/L, when the Mg consistence was <20mg/L, it affected the the growth of balsam pear,when the Mg consistence was >80mg/L, it also affected the the growth of balsam pear. The height of Mg efficiency of three balsam pear was "Taiwancuiyu">"Lanshanchangbai" > "Guangdongqingpi".
(2) Under the stress of Mg,the growth of balsam pear roots and shoots were subject to varying degrees Mg inhibited the shoot growth of balsam pear ,such as the size of leaf, plant height and the cumulation of shoot dry weight ;it also inhibited the normal growth , dry weight of balsam pear root, Mg deficiency stress had agreater effect on agronomy indexes than that of high Mg stress of three balsam pear.
(3) The time of symptom of Mg deficiency stress and high Mg stress were different. The time of deficiency of Mg stress was earlier than that of high Mg stress,and the symptom was more serious. Balsam pear under Mg deficiency stress did not reveal obvious symptom in the early growth stage. before 30 days treatment. Mg deficiency stress and high Mg stress firstly acted on bottom leaves.
(4) Mg deficiency stress decreased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of balsam pear leaf nitrate reductase(NR),and it embarrassed carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and decreased the content of soluble sugar and protein . Application Mg proper could increase the rate of photosynthetic,the content of chlorophyll, the synthesis andaccumulation of carbohydrate soluble sugar.
(5) The generation of H2O2 and O2.- content increased under the stress of Mg,it damaged the structure and function of cell membrane, arosed MDA accumulation, led to the increase of cell membrane permeability, it was indicated that balsam pear was damaged by Mg stress.
(6) Proper Mg application significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD), raised the ability of anti-oxidant of balsam pear and could postpone the senescence of plants.
(7) Under the deficiency stress and high Mg stress , the content of free proline in balsam pear was cumulated,and it protected balsam pear leaves. The increase was lower in the high concentration and further stress of Mg.
(8) Under the stress of Mg, balsam pear clear up superfluous active oxygen by dint of GSH-AsA cycle. Under the stress of Mg ,balsam pear leaf’s ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity was active ,and it protected the balsam pear .
(9) Under the stress of Mg, the activities of balsam pear leaf’s dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR) enhanced in the increased concentration stress of Mg,it got the maximum under the concentration of 40mg/L,and decreased in the increased concentration stress of Mg.
(10) Under the stress of Mg, the activities of balsam pear leaf’s ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity glutathione reductase(GR) decreased in the increased concentration stress of Mg,it got the minimum under the concentration of 40mg/L,and enhanced in the increased concentration stress of Mg.
(11) Under the deficiency stress and high Mg stress, the content of flavonoid in balsam pear was cumulated, and the resistibility in balsam pear enhanced.
引文
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