东昆仑遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法研究
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摘要
随着遥感图像处理技术的迅速发展,遥感信息找矿方法已经成为现代找矿技术的主流。对于遥感矿化蚀变信息的提取技术前人已经积累了丰富的经验,随着一些新方法如神经网络、遗传算法以及小波包等发展,相应地引入到遥感信息提取中,产生了光谱匹配滤波、光谱角分类等新的矿化蚀变信息提取方法。
围岩蚀变指由于温度、汽液和热液引起的岩石成分和结构构造的变化,是重要的找矿信息,经常生成含铁的金属矿物和含OH ?或CO3 2?的蚀变矿物。由于成矿热液作用,绝大部分内生矿床都有黄铁矿化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化等蚀变现象,而且蚀变范围比矿床要大得多,这就为蚀变信息提取创造了条件。大部分蚀变岩石中含有较多的Fe 3+、OH ?、CO3 2?,这些离子具有特征反射或吸收谱带,而组成造岩矿物的主要化学成分(Si、Al、Mg、O)并不具备上述光谱特征,这便为蚀变信息提取提供了物理基础。
本文使用多光谱数据ASTER和高光谱数据Hyperion对东昆仑地区进行了遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法的研究。首先对研究区的区域地质概况进行了研究,在此基础上按照矿物学分类确定了主要提取的蚀变矿化信息,它们分别是:含硅酸盐矿物(高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石)、含碳酸盐矿物(白云母、方解石)、含金属硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿),分析和总结了研究区蚀变矿物的光谱特征,为遥感矿化蚀变信息提取研究提供了依据;然后对遥感影像进行预处理,主要有去地物干扰和地面反射率反演,作为矿化蚀变信息提取的基础;其次应用多种方法对多光谱数据ASTER提取矿化蚀变信息,包括将高光谱数据的图像处理方法应用于多光谱数据提取矿化蚀变信息,获取了研究区蚀变矿物较为准确的空间分布信息;最后通过对光谱匹配的研究,提出一种高光谱遥感光谱匹配方法,并应用于高光谱数据Hyperion中提取矿化蚀变信息,将提取结果与已提取蚀变信息进行比较。
With the rapid development image processing techniques of the remote sensing, the methods of remote sensing have been a mainstream of the modern Ore-hunting indicator method. With the development of the new methods, it applies the extracted remote sensing information, produces new methods of the extracted mineralization alteration information liked spectral angle mapper classify.
Wallrock alterations is an important indication for exploitation, it means that the componential, ructural and tectonic change of the rock result from the temperature, fizzwater hydrothermal and hydrothermal. Frequently, the ferriferous metallic mineral and alteration mineral which have OH ?or CO3 2?. Because of hydrothermal ore-forming solution, most of endogenetic deposit have pyrite mineralization, sercitization, carbonizations etc alteration phenomena, moreover, the region of alteration is bigger than deposit, this provides conditions for information extraction of alteration. Most of altered rocks have major Fe 3+,O H ?,C O3 2?. These ion have reflected or absorbed key band, but the chemical constituent of rock-forming mineral (Si, Al, Mg, O) don’t above-mentioned spectral diagnostics, this is the physical foundation of information extraction of alteration.
This research is about utilizing the ASTER multispectral data and Hyperspectral remote sensing data to do some research on alteration information extraction in East Kunlun. First do some research on geology about East Kunlun district, according to mineralogy rules we decided do extract alteration information about three types of minerals, they are kaoline, sericite, chlorite, muscovite, calcite, chalcopyrite, pyrite. It analyzes and to summarizes spectral characteristic of alteration information. Then apply all kinds of methods including the method of Hyperspectral remote sensing to extract alteration information and obtained much space distributing information of alteration information. According to the study of spectral match, it proposed a spectral match algorithm about Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and applied the algorithm to extract alteration information. Finally it compared the results and proved that the algorithm is feasible.
围岩蚀变指由于温度、汽液和热液引起的岩石成分和结构构造的变化,是重要的找矿信息,经常生成含铁的金属矿物和含OH ?或CO3 2?的蚀变矿物。由于成矿热液作用,绝大部分内生矿床都有黄铁矿化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化等蚀变现象,而且蚀变范围比矿床要大得多,这就为蚀变信息提取创造了条件。大部分蚀变岩石中含有较多的Fe 3+、OH ?、CO3 2?,这些离子具有特征反射或吸收谱带,而组成造岩矿物的主要化学成分(Si、Al、Mg、O)并不具备上述光谱特征,这便为蚀变信息提取提供了物理基础。
本文使用多光谱数据ASTER和高光谱数据Hyperion对东昆仑地区进行了遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法的研究。首先对研究区的区域地质概况进行了研究,在此基础上按照矿物学分类确定了主要提取的蚀变矿化信息,它们分别是:含硅酸盐矿物(高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石)、含碳酸盐矿物(白云母、方解石)、含金属硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿),分析和总结了研究区蚀变矿物的光谱特征,为遥感矿化蚀变信息提取研究提供了依据;然后对遥感影像进行预处理,主要有去地物干扰和地面反射率反演,作为矿化蚀变信息提取的基础;其次应用多种方法对多光谱数据ASTER提取矿化蚀变信息,包括将高光谱数据的图像处理方法应用于多光谱数据提取矿化蚀变信息,获取了研究区蚀变矿物较为准确的空间分布信息;最后通过对光谱匹配的研究,提出一种高光谱遥感光谱匹配方法,并应用于高光谱数据Hyperion中提取矿化蚀变信息,将提取结果与已提取蚀变信息进行比较。
With the rapid development image processing techniques of the remote sensing, the methods of remote sensing have been a mainstream of the modern Ore-hunting indicator method. With the development of the new methods, it applies the extracted remote sensing information, produces new methods of the extracted mineralization alteration information liked spectral angle mapper classify.
Wallrock alterations is an important indication for exploitation, it means that the componential, ructural and tectonic change of the rock result from the temperature, fizzwater hydrothermal and hydrothermal. Frequently, the ferriferous metallic mineral and alteration mineral which have OH ?or CO3 2?. Because of hydrothermal ore-forming solution, most of endogenetic deposit have pyrite mineralization, sercitization, carbonizations etc alteration phenomena, moreover, the region of alteration is bigger than deposit, this provides conditions for information extraction of alteration. Most of altered rocks have major Fe 3+,O H ?,C O3 2?. These ion have reflected or absorbed key band, but the chemical constituent of rock-forming mineral (Si, Al, Mg, O) don’t above-mentioned spectral diagnostics, this is the physical foundation of information extraction of alteration.
This research is about utilizing the ASTER multispectral data and Hyperspectral remote sensing data to do some research on alteration information extraction in East Kunlun. First do some research on geology about East Kunlun district, according to mineralogy rules we decided do extract alteration information about three types of minerals, they are kaoline, sericite, chlorite, muscovite, calcite, chalcopyrite, pyrite. It analyzes and to summarizes spectral characteristic of alteration information. Then apply all kinds of methods including the method of Hyperspectral remote sensing to extract alteration information and obtained much space distributing information of alteration information. According to the study of spectral match, it proposed a spectral match algorithm about Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and applied the algorithm to extract alteration information. Finally it compared the results and proved that the algorithm is feasible.
引文
[1]甘甫平,王润生.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:1-13.
[2] Hunt G R,1989,Spectroscopic properties of rocks and minerals.In Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals,edited by Carmichael R C,Boca Raton Florid:C.R.C.Press Inc.,599~669.
[3] G..R.Hunt,Near-infrared(1.3-2.4μm)Spectra of Alternation Minearls-Potentical for Use in Remote Sensing,Geophysics,1979,44(1).
[4] Hunt,G.R.,Salisbury,J.W.,and Lenhoff,G.J.Visible and near2infrared spectra of minerals and rocks:III Oxides and hydroxides[J].Modern Geology,1978(2) :195~205.
[5] G.R.Hunt and J.W.Salisloury,Visibal&Near-infrared Spectra of Rocks and Minerals,Modern Geology,1974,5(1).
[6] Clark,R.N.,and Roush,T.L.,1984,Reflectance spectroscopy:Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications:Journal of Geophysical Research,v.89,no.B7,pp.6329-6340.
[7] Clark,R.N.,King,T.V.V.,and Gorelick,N.S.,1987,Automatic continuum analysis of reflectance spectra:in Proceedings,Third AIS workshop,2-4 June,1987,JPL Publication 87-30,Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Pasadena,California,pp.138-142.
[8]甘甫平.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究[D].中国地质大学(北京)博士论文,2001,1-4.
[9]童庆禧等.中国典型地物波谱及其特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[10] Rowan,L.C.,Goetz,A.F.H.and Ashley,R.P.Discrimination of hydrothermally altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images[J].Geophysics,1977 (42):522~35.
[11] W.P.Loughlin.Principal component Analysis for Alteration Mapping Presented at the Eighth Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1991,4(29):503-512.
[12] Loughlin,W.P.Principal Component Analysis for alteration mapping[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1991(57):1163-1169.
[13]张满郎.植被覆盖区金矿蚀变TM及JERS-1 OPS遥感信息增强技术[J].遥感技术与应用,1996,30(4):52-56.
[14]张满郎.蚀变信息提取中的主成份分析[J].遥感技术与应用,1996(3):1-6.
[15]马建文等.利用TM数据提取含金蚀变带的方法研究—以冀北东卯地区为例[J].遥感学报.1994,20(2): 41-45.
[16]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997(3):208-212.
[17]张远飞,吴健生.基于遥感图像提取矿化蚀变信息[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999, 8(06):604-606.
[18]刘庆生等.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取[J].遥感技术与应用,1999,14(3).
[19]张玉君等.基岩裸露区蚀变岩遥感信息的提取方法[J].国土资源遥感,1998,(2):46-53.
[20]吴德文,朱谷昌等.多元数据分析与遥感矿化蚀变信息提取模型[J].国土资源遥感,2006,(1):22-25.
[21]吕凤军,郝跃生等.ASTER遥感数据蚀变遥感异常提取[J].河北遥感,2008,(1) :3-5.
[22]冯聪.内蒙古白乃庙地区矿化蚀变信息提取及成矿预测[D].北京:中国地质大学地球科学学院,2006:4-5.
[23]陈光火.中等程度植被覆盖区岩石蚀变信息提取技术及其应用[J].国土资源遥感,1992.9.15,13(3):55-60.
[24]童庆禧,张兵等.高光谱遥感的多学科应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:154-155.
[25]李假广,苗放等.东昆仑岩矿石光谱数据野外采集[J].河南城建学院学报,2009.18(5) : 31-32.
[26]秦善,王长秋等.矿物学基础.北京:北京大学,2006:51~53,87~94
[27] http://www.esrichina-bj.cn/old/produce/ENVI/index.htm.
[28]吕凤军,郝跃生等.基于FLAASH模块的遥感数据大气校正应用研究[J].河北地,2007(2):23-26.
[29] Beck R.EO-1 User Guide Version 2.3[R/OL].July 15,2003.http//eo1.usgs.gov
[30]赵英时,遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:87-188.
[31]甘甫平,王润生,郭小方.利用成像光谱遥感技术识别和提取矿化蚀变信息——以河北赤城—崇礼地区为例.现代地质,2000.12,14(4):465-469.
[32]赵文吉,段福州等,ENVI遥感影像处理专题与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005:206,224,227.
[33]栾学文.基于航天高光谱遥感的东胜地区矿物填图研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008:48-49.
[34]吕凤军,邢立新等,基于统计识别模型的遥感蚀变信息提取[J].吉林大学学报,2005,35(4):535-536.
[35]闻兵工等.基于光谱曲线整体相似性测度的匹配分类[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(2) :128-131.
[36]童庆禧,高光谱遥感——原理、技术与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:7-19.
[37]刘燕君.遥感找矿的原理和方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991
[38]刘燕君,金丽芳.矿产信息的遥感地面模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1993
[39]赵元洪等.波段比值主成分复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用[J].国土源遥感.1991,(3):12-16
[40]刘汉湖.岩矿波谱数据分析与信息提取方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学信息工程学院,2008.
[41]陈述彭,童庆禧,郭华东,等.遥感信息机理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[42]王一平,郭宏福,电磁波—传输·辐射·传播[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006:138-142
[43]马建文等.利用TM数据提取含金蚀变带的方法研究—以冀北东卯地区为例[J].遥感学报.1994,20(2): 41-45
[44]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997(3):208-212
[45]郝建亭.光谱数据处理及其在植被信息提取中的应用—以岷江上游毛儿盖地区为例[D].成都:成都理工大学信息工程学院,2008:15-24
[2] Hunt G R,1989,Spectroscopic properties of rocks and minerals.In Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals,edited by Carmichael R C,Boca Raton Florid:C.R.C.Press Inc.,599~669.
[3] G..R.Hunt,Near-infrared(1.3-2.4μm)Spectra of Alternation Minearls-Potentical for Use in Remote Sensing,Geophysics,1979,44(1).
[4] Hunt,G.R.,Salisbury,J.W.,and Lenhoff,G.J.Visible and near2infrared spectra of minerals and rocks:III Oxides and hydroxides[J].Modern Geology,1978(2) :195~205.
[5] G.R.Hunt and J.W.Salisloury,Visibal&Near-infrared Spectra of Rocks and Minerals,Modern Geology,1974,5(1).
[6] Clark,R.N.,and Roush,T.L.,1984,Reflectance spectroscopy:Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications:Journal of Geophysical Research,v.89,no.B7,pp.6329-6340.
[7] Clark,R.N.,King,T.V.V.,and Gorelick,N.S.,1987,Automatic continuum analysis of reflectance spectra:in Proceedings,Third AIS workshop,2-4 June,1987,JPL Publication 87-30,Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Pasadena,California,pp.138-142.
[8]甘甫平.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究[D].中国地质大学(北京)博士论文,2001,1-4.
[9]童庆禧等.中国典型地物波谱及其特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[10] Rowan,L.C.,Goetz,A.F.H.and Ashley,R.P.Discrimination of hydrothermally altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images[J].Geophysics,1977 (42):522~35.
[11] W.P.Loughlin.Principal component Analysis for Alteration Mapping Presented at the Eighth Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1991,4(29):503-512.
[12] Loughlin,W.P.Principal Component Analysis for alteration mapping[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1991(57):1163-1169.
[13]张满郎.植被覆盖区金矿蚀变TM及JERS-1 OPS遥感信息增强技术[J].遥感技术与应用,1996,30(4):52-56.
[14]张满郎.蚀变信息提取中的主成份分析[J].遥感技术与应用,1996(3):1-6.
[15]马建文等.利用TM数据提取含金蚀变带的方法研究—以冀北东卯地区为例[J].遥感学报.1994,20(2): 41-45.
[16]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997(3):208-212.
[17]张远飞,吴健生.基于遥感图像提取矿化蚀变信息[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999, 8(06):604-606.
[18]刘庆生等.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取[J].遥感技术与应用,1999,14(3).
[19]张玉君等.基岩裸露区蚀变岩遥感信息的提取方法[J].国土资源遥感,1998,(2):46-53.
[20]吴德文,朱谷昌等.多元数据分析与遥感矿化蚀变信息提取模型[J].国土资源遥感,2006,(1):22-25.
[21]吕凤军,郝跃生等.ASTER遥感数据蚀变遥感异常提取[J].河北遥感,2008,(1) :3-5.
[22]冯聪.内蒙古白乃庙地区矿化蚀变信息提取及成矿预测[D].北京:中国地质大学地球科学学院,2006:4-5.
[23]陈光火.中等程度植被覆盖区岩石蚀变信息提取技术及其应用[J].国土资源遥感,1992.9.15,13(3):55-60.
[24]童庆禧,张兵等.高光谱遥感的多学科应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:154-155.
[25]李假广,苗放等.东昆仑岩矿石光谱数据野外采集[J].河南城建学院学报,2009.18(5) : 31-32.
[26]秦善,王长秋等.矿物学基础.北京:北京大学,2006:51~53,87~94
[27] http://www.esrichina-bj.cn/old/produce/ENVI/index.htm.
[28]吕凤军,郝跃生等.基于FLAASH模块的遥感数据大气校正应用研究[J].河北地,2007(2):23-26.
[29] Beck R.EO-1 User Guide Version 2.3[R/OL].July 15,2003.http//eo1.usgs.gov
[30]赵英时,遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:87-188.
[31]甘甫平,王润生,郭小方.利用成像光谱遥感技术识别和提取矿化蚀变信息——以河北赤城—崇礼地区为例.现代地质,2000.12,14(4):465-469.
[32]赵文吉,段福州等,ENVI遥感影像处理专题与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005:206,224,227.
[33]栾学文.基于航天高光谱遥感的东胜地区矿物填图研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008:48-49.
[34]吕凤军,邢立新等,基于统计识别模型的遥感蚀变信息提取[J].吉林大学学报,2005,35(4):535-536.
[35]闻兵工等.基于光谱曲线整体相似性测度的匹配分类[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(2) :128-131.
[36]童庆禧,高光谱遥感——原理、技术与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:7-19.
[37]刘燕君.遥感找矿的原理和方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991
[38]刘燕君,金丽芳.矿产信息的遥感地面模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1993
[39]赵元洪等.波段比值主成分复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用[J].国土源遥感.1991,(3):12-16
[40]刘汉湖.岩矿波谱数据分析与信息提取方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学信息工程学院,2008.
[41]陈述彭,童庆禧,郭华东,等.遥感信息机理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[42]王一平,郭宏福,电磁波—传输·辐射·传播[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006:138-142
[43]马建文等.利用TM数据提取含金蚀变带的方法研究—以冀北东卯地区为例[J].遥感学报.1994,20(2): 41-45
[44]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997(3):208-212
[45]郝建亭.光谱数据处理及其在植被信息提取中的应用—以岷江上游毛儿盖地区为例[D].成都:成都理工大学信息工程学院,2008:15-24
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