爆炸荷载作用下管桁架动力响应分析
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摘要
大跨度空间结构作为人类活动的重要场所和标志性建筑,他们的安全直接牵系着社会经济财富和生命安全。这些年来,随着国际安全局势的紧张,炸弹恐怖袭击和突发爆炸事件明显增多。空间结构若遭受爆炸荷载作用,会产生严重破坏,甚至发生整体倒塌。
而我国对房屋结构设计时,一般对持久设计状况和抗震设计状况研究相对较全面和深入。而对短暂设计状况和偶然设计状况研究相对滞后,尤其是对偶然设计状况。对于绝大多数的房屋均未进行偶然设计状况的设计。因此研究空间结构在偶然荷载中的爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动力响应和破坏形态,对有效评价结构体系在突发荷载作用下的安全性,以及建立在偶然爆炸事件和恐怖袭击情况下的防御机制具有极其重要的现实意义。
本文在探讨管桁架结构的动力分析方法、爆炸及爆炸作用的基础上。针对某典型工程的管桁架屋盖结构的一榀管桁架为研究对象。运用非线性显示动力学有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,分别讨论和分析了爆炸发生在室内和室外的不同阻尼、屋面等效质量、支座形式等参数对管桁架结构的动力响应的影响。得到了结构抗爆设计的主要参数及结构的薄弱位置,为确保建筑安全提供理论依据。
The large-span spatial structures are very important sites for people's activity,whose security greatly influences people's life and property.Due to the serious security situation of the world, the bomb attack and accidental explosion is obviously more than before.If the space structure suffers the blast load, it will be seriously damaged and even collapse.
Generally, in China, the reseach of sustainable design and aseismatic design of the building structure is more comprehensive and in-depth. The design of the temporary design and occasional design of the building structure is relatively lag behind, especially for accidental design, For most of the building were not designed for accidental design situation. So the research on dynamic response and failure mode under the blast loads are very meaningful to evaluate the structure's safety and take the defense measure against accidental explosion and territories'attack.
This paper studied a tube-truss of a typical roof structure based on systematic research of dynamic analysis and explosion of tube-truss. To utilize nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, analyzing and discussing effects of dynamic response of tube-truss structure under different ratio of damping, equivalent roof mass, bearing type when explosion hapeened indoor and outdoor. Obtain the main parameters of Explosion Resistance design and the weak position of the structure, to provide a theoretical basis to ensure building safety.
而我国对房屋结构设计时,一般对持久设计状况和抗震设计状况研究相对较全面和深入。而对短暂设计状况和偶然设计状况研究相对滞后,尤其是对偶然设计状况。对于绝大多数的房屋均未进行偶然设计状况的设计。因此研究空间结构在偶然荷载中的爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动力响应和破坏形态,对有效评价结构体系在突发荷载作用下的安全性,以及建立在偶然爆炸事件和恐怖袭击情况下的防御机制具有极其重要的现实意义。
本文在探讨管桁架结构的动力分析方法、爆炸及爆炸作用的基础上。针对某典型工程的管桁架屋盖结构的一榀管桁架为研究对象。运用非线性显示动力学有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,分别讨论和分析了爆炸发生在室内和室外的不同阻尼、屋面等效质量、支座形式等参数对管桁架结构的动力响应的影响。得到了结构抗爆设计的主要参数及结构的薄弱位置,为确保建筑安全提供理论依据。
The large-span spatial structures are very important sites for people's activity,whose security greatly influences people's life and property.Due to the serious security situation of the world, the bomb attack and accidental explosion is obviously more than before.If the space structure suffers the blast load, it will be seriously damaged and even collapse.
Generally, in China, the reseach of sustainable design and aseismatic design of the building structure is more comprehensive and in-depth. The design of the temporary design and occasional design of the building structure is relatively lag behind, especially for accidental design, For most of the building were not designed for accidental design situation. So the research on dynamic response and failure mode under the blast loads are very meaningful to evaluate the structure's safety and take the defense measure against accidental explosion and territories'attack.
This paper studied a tube-truss of a typical roof structure based on systematic research of dynamic analysis and explosion of tube-truss. To utilize nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, analyzing and discussing effects of dynamic response of tube-truss structure under different ratio of damping, equivalent roof mass, bearing type when explosion hapeened indoor and outdoor. Obtain the main parameters of Explosion Resistance design and the weak position of the structure, to provide a theoretical basis to ensure building safety.
引文
[1]Makowski Z S.Space Structure-A Review of Development in Last Decade. Space Struture.IV London. 1993.
[2]半谷裕彦(主编).空间骨组构造、形态、性能、产生[M].日本建筑学会.1995.
[3]Makowski Z S. Three Dimensional Structures im view of their achievements in the past can we forcast their influence upon modern engineering and light-weight large-span structures proceedings of the IASS International Symposium on Shell and Spatial Structures.Singapore.1997.1:55-68.
[4]Shen Shizhao. The development of spatial structures in China(Invited Report) [J], IASS Asia-Pacific Conference on Shell and Spatial Structures, Beijing,1996.
[5]蓝天.空间结构的十年—从中国看世界[A].第六届空间结构学术会议论文集[C].北京：地震出版社,1992.
[6]张顺强,杨琪,陶晞瞑.西安咸阳机场航站楼屋盖钢结构设计[J].建筑钢结构进展,2005,7(2)：52-58.
[7]梁志,李伟峰.广州新白云国际机场航站楼主楼钢结构设计[J].钢结构,2001.6.
[8]LiZhong-xian, Du Hao, BaoChun-xiao. Review of current researches on blast load effects of building structures in China[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2006,12 (Suppl.):35-41.
[9]AL-Hassani, S.T.S et al. Large-deformation response of deep circrlar arches to radial Magnetommotive forces. J.Meeh.Engng.Sei.,1978,20(6):335-343.
[10]John, S.Humphreys, on dynamic snap buckling of shallow arches. AIAA J.,1966,4(5):878-886.
[11]Hakano, T.et al. The dynamic response of arches under impact load. In:Proe.30Japan National Cong. For Appl. Mech.1980:303-312.
[12]Palomby, C., Stronge, W.J. Evolutionary modes for large deflections of dynamically loaded Rigid-plastic structures. Mech. Struct. Mach.,1988,16(1):53-80.
[13]张耀春,张秀华.截面为三角形的空间格构式圆拱平面内整体稳定性能分析[J],工业建筑,2004,34(4)：76-78.
[14]沈祖炎,井泉,罗永峰等.某工程大型钢拱结构稳定性分析[J].结构工程师,2004.
[15]董一萌.管桁架的平面外稳定问题的研究[J].结构工程师,2006,22(4).
[16]李春艳.单榀钢管拱桁架在地震及三角脉冲荷载作用下的动力响应研究[D].太原理工大学,2006.
[17]李建仙.单榀钢管拱桁架在地震作用下的动力响应研究[D].太原理工大学,2007.
[18]Song, L., Izzuddin, B.,A.,Elnashai, A.,S., Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames Part I:Analytical models [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000, 53(1):63-85.
[19]Izzuddin, B.,A., Song, L., Elnashai, A., S.,Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames Part I:Verification and application [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000,53(1):87-111
[20]Grierson, D., E., Xu, L., Progressive-failure analysis of building subjected to abnormal loading [J]. Computer Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,2005,20(3):155-171.
[21]Song, L., Izzuddin, B.,A., Elnashai, A.,S., et al. Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames-Part II:Analytical models [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000,53(1):63-85.
[22]Izzuddin, B.,A., Song, L., Elnashai, A., S., et al. Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames-Part II:Verification and application [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000,53(1):87-111.
[23]Berg, V., Stofleth, J., H., Preece, D.,S., et al. Analysis of dynamic loading of a simple structure to a blast wave [J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2002,435:219-225.
[24]Baliley, P., Chynoweth, S.,FRIIS, J., etal. Blast loading from gas explosions onto nearby structures[C]//Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. New York:American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,2002:1193-1202.
[25]Louca, L.,A., Friis, J., Baliley, P., et al. Experimental and numerical studies of a blast loaded cubic structure[C]//Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering conference. California: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2002,12:397-403.
[26]Krauthammer, T., Oh, G, J., Blast-resistant structural steel connections[C]//International Conference on structures under Shock and Impact V.Southampton:Computational Mechanics Publications,1998: 63-72.
[27]Bogosian, D., D., Dunn, B.,W., Chrostowski, J., D., Blast analysis of complex structures using physics-based fast-running models [J].Computers and Structures,1999,72(1):51-92.
[28]T., Wierzbicki, X., Teng. How the airplane wing cut through the exterior columns of the World Trade Center International Journal of Impact Engineering,2003, (28):601-625
[29]Samuel Tan. Cable-based Retrofit of steel building floors to prevent progressive collapse. Master paper of University of California in Berkeley,2003
[30]Liew, J., Y., R., Chen, H., Explosion and fire analysis of steel frames using fiber element approach. Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(7):991-1000.
[31]H., X., Yu, Liew,J., Y, R., Steel framed structures subjected to the combined effects of blast and fire-part 1:state-of-the art review.International Journal of Advanced Steel Construction,2005,1(1): 67-84.
[32]H.,X.,.Yu, Liew, J., Y, R., Steel framed structures subjected to the combined effects of blast and fire-part 2:case study International Journal of Advanced Steel Construction,2005,1(1):67-84.
[33]曹晓中.组合网架在爆炸荷载作用下的设计[J].建筑结构,2000,30(4)：55-57.
[34]李忠献,刘志侠,丁阳.爆炸荷载作用下钢结构的动力响应与破坏模式[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4)：106-111.
[35]李海旺,薛飞.爆炸荷载作用下平面钢框架变形形态研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27(增)：155-161.
[36]李海旺,李彦君.爆炸荷载作用下空间钢框架破坏过程分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2007,38(3)： 259-263.
[37]张秀华,段忠东,张春巍.近地空中爆炸作用下钢框架结构冲击响应[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009.29(4)：70-76.
[38]瞿海燕.爆炸荷载作用下体育场馆的动力响应分析[D],北京工业大学,2007.
[39]王书鹏.大空间钢结构的爆炸动力响应及抗爆设计方法[D],华侨大学,2008.
[40]金晓东.爆炸荷载作用下单层球面网壳结构的动力稳定性研究[D],天津大学,2007.
[41]徐加初,杨增涛.爆炸冲击下复合材料层扁球壳的动力屈曲[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(2)：116-120.
[42]J.亨利奇.爆炸动力学及其应用(熊健国)[M].北京：科学出版社,1987：50-124.
[43]李国豪.工程结构抗爆动力学[M],上海：上海科学技术出版社,1989：1-107.
[44]陈网桦,彭金华,胡毅亭.爆炸动力学讲义[M].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
[45]张守中.爆炸基本原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988.
[46]Dorofeev S B, Sidorov V P, Kurchatov M S, et al. Effect of scale on the onset of detonation[J]. Shock Wave,2000(10):137-149.
[47]熊祖钊,白春华,刘长林.燃料空气炸药爆炸压力场测试系统误差分析[J].爆破,2001,(4)：21-23.
[48]GB 50038-94中华人民共和国国家标准：人民防空地下室设计规范[S].
[49]Biggs, J.M.,Introduction to Structural Dynamics[M].McGraw-Hill Book Co.,NewYork, N.Y,1964.
[50]Chen H, Liew J Y R. Explosion and fire analysis of steel frames using mixed element approach [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE,2005,13 1(6):606-616.
[51]吴宗之,高进东等.危险评价方法及其应用[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2001.
[52]董守华.事故爆炸冲击波破坏准则综述[J].石油化工安全技术,1996,12(4)：40-41
[53]陕西省建设工程质量监督检验测试中心.西安曲江国际会展中心新展馆一期工程钢桁架制作和安装质量检测报告[R].2007,2
[54]曹资,薛素铎,张毅刚.空间网格结构动力分析中阻尼问题综述与展望[A].第十一届空间结构学术会议论文集[C],2005：143-148.
[55]郭海山,沈世钊.单层网壳结构动力稳定性分析方法[J].建筑结构学报,2004,36(6)：722-725
[56]沈世钊,支旭东.球面网壳结构在强震下的失稳机理[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(1)：11-20
[57]崔艳,颜卫亨.爆炸荷载作用下管桁架的动力响应分析[C].第九届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会论文集,2009.
[2]半谷裕彦(主编).空间骨组构造、形态、性能、产生[M].日本建筑学会.1995.
[3]Makowski Z S. Three Dimensional Structures im view of their achievements in the past can we forcast their influence upon modern engineering and light-weight large-span structures proceedings of the IASS International Symposium on Shell and Spatial Structures.Singapore.1997.1:55-68.
[4]Shen Shizhao. The development of spatial structures in China(Invited Report) [J], IASS Asia-Pacific Conference on Shell and Spatial Structures, Beijing,1996.
[5]蓝天.空间结构的十年—从中国看世界[A].第六届空间结构学术会议论文集[C].北京：地震出版社,1992.
[6]张顺强,杨琪,陶晞瞑.西安咸阳机场航站楼屋盖钢结构设计[J].建筑钢结构进展,2005,7(2)：52-58.
[7]梁志,李伟峰.广州新白云国际机场航站楼主楼钢结构设计[J].钢结构,2001.6.
[8]LiZhong-xian, Du Hao, BaoChun-xiao. Review of current researches on blast load effects of building structures in China[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2006,12 (Suppl.):35-41.
[9]AL-Hassani, S.T.S et al. Large-deformation response of deep circrlar arches to radial Magnetommotive forces. J.Meeh.Engng.Sei.,1978,20(6):335-343.
[10]John, S.Humphreys, on dynamic snap buckling of shallow arches. AIAA J.,1966,4(5):878-886.
[11]Hakano, T.et al. The dynamic response of arches under impact load. In:Proe.30Japan National Cong. For Appl. Mech.1980:303-312.
[12]Palomby, C., Stronge, W.J. Evolutionary modes for large deflections of dynamically loaded Rigid-plastic structures. Mech. Struct. Mach.,1988,16(1):53-80.
[13]张耀春,张秀华.截面为三角形的空间格构式圆拱平面内整体稳定性能分析[J],工业建筑,2004,34(4)：76-78.
[14]沈祖炎,井泉,罗永峰等.某工程大型钢拱结构稳定性分析[J].结构工程师,2004.
[15]董一萌.管桁架的平面外稳定问题的研究[J].结构工程师,2006,22(4).
[16]李春艳.单榀钢管拱桁架在地震及三角脉冲荷载作用下的动力响应研究[D].太原理工大学,2006.
[17]李建仙.单榀钢管拱桁架在地震作用下的动力响应研究[D].太原理工大学,2007.
[18]Song, L., Izzuddin, B.,A.,Elnashai, A.,S., Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames Part I:Analytical models [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000, 53(1):63-85.
[19]Izzuddin, B.,A., Song, L., Elnashai, A., S.,Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames Part I:Verification and application [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000,53(1):87-111
[20]Grierson, D., E., Xu, L., Progressive-failure analysis of building subjected to abnormal loading [J]. Computer Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,2005,20(3):155-171.
[21]Song, L., Izzuddin, B.,A., Elnashai, A.,S., et al. Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames-Part II:Analytical models [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000,53(1):63-85.
[22]Izzuddin, B.,A., Song, L., Elnashai, A., S., et al. Integrated adaptive environment for fire and explosion analysis of steel frames-Part II:Verification and application [J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000,53(1):87-111.
[23]Berg, V., Stofleth, J., H., Preece, D.,S., et al. Analysis of dynamic loading of a simple structure to a blast wave [J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2002,435:219-225.
[24]Baliley, P., Chynoweth, S.,FRIIS, J., etal. Blast loading from gas explosions onto nearby structures[C]//Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. New York:American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,2002:1193-1202.
[25]Louca, L.,A., Friis, J., Baliley, P., et al. Experimental and numerical studies of a blast loaded cubic structure[C]//Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering conference. California: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2002,12:397-403.
[26]Krauthammer, T., Oh, G, J., Blast-resistant structural steel connections[C]//International Conference on structures under Shock and Impact V.Southampton:Computational Mechanics Publications,1998: 63-72.
[27]Bogosian, D., D., Dunn, B.,W., Chrostowski, J., D., Blast analysis of complex structures using physics-based fast-running models [J].Computers and Structures,1999,72(1):51-92.
[28]T., Wierzbicki, X., Teng. How the airplane wing cut through the exterior columns of the World Trade Center International Journal of Impact Engineering,2003, (28):601-625
[29]Samuel Tan. Cable-based Retrofit of steel building floors to prevent progressive collapse. Master paper of University of California in Berkeley,2003
[30]Liew, J., Y., R., Chen, H., Explosion and fire analysis of steel frames using fiber element approach. Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(7):991-1000.
[31]H., X., Yu, Liew,J., Y, R., Steel framed structures subjected to the combined effects of blast and fire-part 1:state-of-the art review.International Journal of Advanced Steel Construction,2005,1(1): 67-84.
[32]H.,X.,.Yu, Liew, J., Y, R., Steel framed structures subjected to the combined effects of blast and fire-part 2:case study International Journal of Advanced Steel Construction,2005,1(1):67-84.
[33]曹晓中.组合网架在爆炸荷载作用下的设计[J].建筑结构,2000,30(4)：55-57.
[34]李忠献,刘志侠,丁阳.爆炸荷载作用下钢结构的动力响应与破坏模式[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4)：106-111.
[35]李海旺,薛飞.爆炸荷载作用下平面钢框架变形形态研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27(增)：155-161.
[36]李海旺,李彦君.爆炸荷载作用下空间钢框架破坏过程分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2007,38(3)： 259-263.
[37]张秀华,段忠东,张春巍.近地空中爆炸作用下钢框架结构冲击响应[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009.29(4)：70-76.
[38]瞿海燕.爆炸荷载作用下体育场馆的动力响应分析[D],北京工业大学,2007.
[39]王书鹏.大空间钢结构的爆炸动力响应及抗爆设计方法[D],华侨大学,2008.
[40]金晓东.爆炸荷载作用下单层球面网壳结构的动力稳定性研究[D],天津大学,2007.
[41]徐加初,杨增涛.爆炸冲击下复合材料层扁球壳的动力屈曲[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(2)：116-120.
[42]J.亨利奇.爆炸动力学及其应用(熊健国)[M].北京：科学出版社,1987：50-124.
[43]李国豪.工程结构抗爆动力学[M],上海：上海科学技术出版社,1989：1-107.
[44]陈网桦,彭金华,胡毅亭.爆炸动力学讲义[M].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
[45]张守中.爆炸基本原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988.
[46]Dorofeev S B, Sidorov V P, Kurchatov M S, et al. Effect of scale on the onset of detonation[J]. Shock Wave,2000(10):137-149.
[47]熊祖钊,白春华,刘长林.燃料空气炸药爆炸压力场测试系统误差分析[J].爆破,2001,(4)：21-23.
[48]GB 50038-94中华人民共和国国家标准：人民防空地下室设计规范[S].
[49]Biggs, J.M.,Introduction to Structural Dynamics[M].McGraw-Hill Book Co.,NewYork, N.Y,1964.
[50]Chen H, Liew J Y R. Explosion and fire analysis of steel frames using mixed element approach [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE,2005,13 1(6):606-616.
[51]吴宗之,高进东等.危险评价方法及其应用[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2001.
[52]董守华.事故爆炸冲击波破坏准则综述[J].石油化工安全技术,1996,12(4)：40-41
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