2008年奥运会男子篮球核心后卫竞技能力的比较研究
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摘要
本研究针对我国篮球运动理念相对落后,篮球核心后卫培养的现状等情况,通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、逻辑推理法、观察分析法、数理统计法等研究方法,以参加2008年北京奥运会男子篮球比赛的核心后卫为研究对象,对篮球核心后卫身体形态部分指标、攻防量化指标、赛场心理、运动智能进行比较。综合分析参加08北京奥运男子篮球核心后卫的竞技能力水平,尤其是我国男子篮球核心后卫,找出我国后卫与国外优秀后卫的差距,以期为我国男子篮球核心后卫的后期训练及人才培养提供参考。
研究结果表明:(1)北京奥运会篮球核心后卫身高指标、体重指标、克托莱指数标准分(T=50分)达到及格的,身高指标有7人,体重指标有5人,克托莱指数5人。中国两位球员都排在前列。表明我国核心后卫不仅在身高、体重上占优势,而且身体肌肉的充实度较好,但对抗时表现出力量不足,认为这与力量使用时时机的选择、动作技术熟练程度及赛场心智稳定有关。笔者认为在训练和比赛中,中国球员要重视对抗状态下身体素质与技术动作实施的有效结合,重视对抗状态下技术动作实施与时空选择的有效结合。(2)核心后卫攻防能力因子分析共提出5个公共因子,分别为攻击因子、防守因子、稳定因子、失误因子和时间因子。5个公共因子得分较高的有保罗、普里吉奥尼、斯潘诺里斯、雅斯科维休斯和费尔南德斯。中国两名球员公共因子得分大部分较低。表现为中国两位球员的核心后卫攻防能力是整体的落后,球员的后期训练必须是全面的,而不是具体在一个或几个方面。(3)核心后卫攻防能力聚类分析为三类,均值多重比较确定核心后卫等级,A级:保罗、普里吉奥尼、斯潘诺里斯;B级:雅斯科维休斯、费尔南德斯、米尔斯、霍尔登、孙悦;C级:哈曼、波波维奇、伊斯拉米、科斯塔、刘炜。中国核心后卫等级较低。再次验证了中国两位球员的攻防能力的不足,中国球员的核心后卫攻防能力的提升应该是全面的。(4)男子篮球核心后卫攻防量化指标效率贡献排名保罗、雅斯科维休斯、普里吉奥尼、斯潘诺里斯、米尔斯、费尔南德斯、霍尔登、波波维奇、孙悦、伊斯拉米、哈曼、科斯塔、刘炜。我国球员攻防效率较低。(5)篮球核心后卫赛场心理评价总分欧美球员较高,占据了前7名,中国两名球员分列第十一和十三位,反映出我国核心后卫在赛场心理表现方面较弱于欧美选手。运动感知和运动情感得分较低,尤其是运动意志,中国两名球员排在了最后两位。赛场心理表现是多方面的,在后期的训练和人才培养方面应引入心理学专家的科研成果,指导进行心理训练。(6)篮球核心后卫运动智能总体评价中欧美球员占据了前8名,中国两名球员排在最后两位。运动智能四元素中,运动注意和运动观察与欧美球员差距最大,其次是运动思维和运动想象。在后期训练和人才培养方面应加大对篮球核心后卫运动智能课题的投入和研究,并将研究成果作为提高球员运动智能的重要理论依据和实施手段。本研究虽然对2008年北京奥运会男子篮球比赛的核心后卫的竞技能力进行了分析研究,但单次赛事表现未能得出更为科学,更为客观的论断,希望在以后的工作和学习中能有更进一步的研究,也能欣喜乐见广大的篮球工作者,专家,学者对篮球竞技能力表现的赛场心理和运动智能的科研成就。
In view of our country basketball movement idea relative backwardness, situations and so on present situation which the basketball key guard raises this research through literature research techniques and so on material law, expert interview law, questionnaire survey procedure, logical line or method of reasoning, observation analytic method, mathematical method of average, the key guard who attends 08 Beijing Olympic Games man basketball game is the object of study, to the basketball key guard body shape partial targets, the attack and defense quantification target, the athletic field psychology, the movement intelligence carries on the comparison.The generalized analysis participates in 08 Beijing Olympic Games man basketball key guard's athletics ability level, our country man basketball key guard, discovers our country guards and the overseas outstanding guard's disparity in particular, provides the reference take the time as our country man basketball key guard's later period training and the personnel training.
The result indicated that,(1)Beijing Olympic Games basketball key guard height, body weight, the gram request Lai index standard minute (T=50 minute) achieved passes an examination height 7 people, body weight 5 people, gram request Lai index 5 people.The Chinese two players both arrange at the front row.Not only indicates our country key guard in the height, the body weight gets the advantage, moreover the bodily muscle sufficient solidity is good, but the resistance watch appears the lack of strength, thought this with strength use when the opportunity choice, the movement technology level of expertise and the athletic field mental concern stably.The author thought in the training and the competition, the Chinese players must take under the conflicting mode the physical quality and the technical movement implementation effective union, takes under the conflicting mode the technical movement implementation and the space and time choice effective union.(2)key guard attack and defense ability factor analysis altogether proposes 5 public factors, respectively be attack factor, defensive factor, stabilizing factor, fault factor and time factor.5 public factor scores high has Paulo, Purey lucky Owne, Spang Norris, elegant Si Kewei the Hughes and Fernandez.The Chinese two player public factors score points majority of low.The performance for Chinese two player's attack and defense abilities is the overall backwardness, player's later period training must be comprehensive, but is not makes concrete in or several aspects.(3)key guard attack and defense ability cluster analysis is three kinds, the average value multiple quite definite key guard rank, the A level: Paulo, Purey lucky Owne, Spang Norris; B level: Elegant Si Kewei the Hughes, Fernandez, Mills, Halden, the grandson are pleased; C level: Harman, wave wave Uygur wonderful, Iraqi Si Lami, the costar, Liu are bright.The Chinese key guard rank is low.(4)Male basketball key guard attack and defense quantification target efficiency contribution places Paulo, elegant Si Kewei the Hughes, Purey lucky Owne, Spang Norris, Mills, Fernandez, Halden, wave wave Uygur wonderful, Sun Yue, Iraqi Si Lami, Harman, the costar, Liu is bright.Our country player attack and defense efficiency is low.(5) basketball key guard athletic field psychology appraisal total score Europe and America player was high, occupies first 7, the Chinese two player passed in review 11th and 13, reflected our country key guard was weak in the athletic field psychology performance aspect in the European and American contestant.The movement sensation and the movement emotion score is low, the movement will, the Chinese two players arranged in particular at final two.The athletic field psychology performance is various, should introduce professor of psychology's achievements in scientific research in the later period training and the personnel training aspect, the instruction carries on the psychological training.(6)In basketball key guard movement intelligence overall appraisal the European and American player occupied first 8, the Chinese two player has arranged at final two.In the movement intelligence four elements, the movement attention and the movement observation and the European and American player disparity is biggest, next is the movement thought and the movement imagination.Trains and the personnel training aspect in the later period should enlarge to the basketball core fullback movement intelligence topic investment and the research, and the research results achievement will enhance the player movement intelligence the important theory basis and the implementation method.Although this research Beijing Olympic Games man basketball game core fullback's athletics ability has conducted the analysis research to 2008, but the single sports event displays has not been able to obtain scientifically, a more objective judgment, hoped can have the further research in later work and the study, also can joyful see the general basketball worker pleasantly, the expert, the scholar to the basketball athletics ability performance athletic field psychology and the movement intelligence scientific research achievement.
研究结果表明:(1)北京奥运会篮球核心后卫身高指标、体重指标、克托莱指数标准分(T=50分)达到及格的,身高指标有7人,体重指标有5人,克托莱指数5人。中国两位球员都排在前列。表明我国核心后卫不仅在身高、体重上占优势,而且身体肌肉的充实度较好,但对抗时表现出力量不足,认为这与力量使用时时机的选择、动作技术熟练程度及赛场心智稳定有关。笔者认为在训练和比赛中,中国球员要重视对抗状态下身体素质与技术动作实施的有效结合,重视对抗状态下技术动作实施与时空选择的有效结合。(2)核心后卫攻防能力因子分析共提出5个公共因子,分别为攻击因子、防守因子、稳定因子、失误因子和时间因子。5个公共因子得分较高的有保罗、普里吉奥尼、斯潘诺里斯、雅斯科维休斯和费尔南德斯。中国两名球员公共因子得分大部分较低。表现为中国两位球员的核心后卫攻防能力是整体的落后,球员的后期训练必须是全面的,而不是具体在一个或几个方面。(3)核心后卫攻防能力聚类分析为三类,均值多重比较确定核心后卫等级,A级:保罗、普里吉奥尼、斯潘诺里斯;B级:雅斯科维休斯、费尔南德斯、米尔斯、霍尔登、孙悦;C级:哈曼、波波维奇、伊斯拉米、科斯塔、刘炜。中国核心后卫等级较低。再次验证了中国两位球员的攻防能力的不足,中国球员的核心后卫攻防能力的提升应该是全面的。(4)男子篮球核心后卫攻防量化指标效率贡献排名保罗、雅斯科维休斯、普里吉奥尼、斯潘诺里斯、米尔斯、费尔南德斯、霍尔登、波波维奇、孙悦、伊斯拉米、哈曼、科斯塔、刘炜。我国球员攻防效率较低。(5)篮球核心后卫赛场心理评价总分欧美球员较高,占据了前7名,中国两名球员分列第十一和十三位,反映出我国核心后卫在赛场心理表现方面较弱于欧美选手。运动感知和运动情感得分较低,尤其是运动意志,中国两名球员排在了最后两位。赛场心理表现是多方面的,在后期的训练和人才培养方面应引入心理学专家的科研成果,指导进行心理训练。(6)篮球核心后卫运动智能总体评价中欧美球员占据了前8名,中国两名球员排在最后两位。运动智能四元素中,运动注意和运动观察与欧美球员差距最大,其次是运动思维和运动想象。在后期训练和人才培养方面应加大对篮球核心后卫运动智能课题的投入和研究,并将研究成果作为提高球员运动智能的重要理论依据和实施手段。本研究虽然对2008年北京奥运会男子篮球比赛的核心后卫的竞技能力进行了分析研究,但单次赛事表现未能得出更为科学,更为客观的论断,希望在以后的工作和学习中能有更进一步的研究,也能欣喜乐见广大的篮球工作者,专家,学者对篮球竞技能力表现的赛场心理和运动智能的科研成就。
In view of our country basketball movement idea relative backwardness, situations and so on present situation which the basketball key guard raises this research through literature research techniques and so on material law, expert interview law, questionnaire survey procedure, logical line or method of reasoning, observation analytic method, mathematical method of average, the key guard who attends 08 Beijing Olympic Games man basketball game is the object of study, to the basketball key guard body shape partial targets, the attack and defense quantification target, the athletic field psychology, the movement intelligence carries on the comparison.The generalized analysis participates in 08 Beijing Olympic Games man basketball key guard's athletics ability level, our country man basketball key guard, discovers our country guards and the overseas outstanding guard's disparity in particular, provides the reference take the time as our country man basketball key guard's later period training and the personnel training.
The result indicated that,(1)Beijing Olympic Games basketball key guard height, body weight, the gram request Lai index standard minute (T=50 minute) achieved passes an examination height 7 people, body weight 5 people, gram request Lai index 5 people.The Chinese two players both arrange at the front row.Not only indicates our country key guard in the height, the body weight gets the advantage, moreover the bodily muscle sufficient solidity is good, but the resistance watch appears the lack of strength, thought this with strength use when the opportunity choice, the movement technology level of expertise and the athletic field mental concern stably.The author thought in the training and the competition, the Chinese players must take under the conflicting mode the physical quality and the technical movement implementation effective union, takes under the conflicting mode the technical movement implementation and the space and time choice effective union.(2)key guard attack and defense ability factor analysis altogether proposes 5 public factors, respectively be attack factor, defensive factor, stabilizing factor, fault factor and time factor.5 public factor scores high has Paulo, Purey lucky Owne, Spang Norris, elegant Si Kewei the Hughes and Fernandez.The Chinese two player public factors score points majority of low.The performance for Chinese two player's attack and defense abilities is the overall backwardness, player's later period training must be comprehensive, but is not makes concrete in or several aspects.(3)key guard attack and defense ability cluster analysis is three kinds, the average value multiple quite definite key guard rank, the A level: Paulo, Purey lucky Owne, Spang Norris; B level: Elegant Si Kewei the Hughes, Fernandez, Mills, Halden, the grandson are pleased; C level: Harman, wave wave Uygur wonderful, Iraqi Si Lami, the costar, Liu are bright.The Chinese key guard rank is low.(4)Male basketball key guard attack and defense quantification target efficiency contribution places Paulo, elegant Si Kewei the Hughes, Purey lucky Owne, Spang Norris, Mills, Fernandez, Halden, wave wave Uygur wonderful, Sun Yue, Iraqi Si Lami, Harman, the costar, Liu is bright.Our country player attack and defense efficiency is low.(5) basketball key guard athletic field psychology appraisal total score Europe and America player was high, occupies first 7, the Chinese two player passed in review 11th and 13, reflected our country key guard was weak in the athletic field psychology performance aspect in the European and American contestant.The movement sensation and the movement emotion score is low, the movement will, the Chinese two players arranged in particular at final two.The athletic field psychology performance is various, should introduce professor of psychology's achievements in scientific research in the later period training and the personnel training aspect, the instruction carries on the psychological training.(6)In basketball key guard movement intelligence overall appraisal the European and American player occupied first 8, the Chinese two player has arranged at final two.In the movement intelligence four elements, the movement attention and the movement observation and the European and American player disparity is biggest, next is the movement thought and the movement imagination.Trains and the personnel training aspect in the later period should enlarge to the basketball core fullback movement intelligence topic investment and the research, and the research results achievement will enhance the player movement intelligence the important theory basis and the implementation method.Although this research Beijing Olympic Games man basketball game core fullback's athletics ability has conducted the analysis research to 2008, but the single sports event displays has not been able to obtain scientifically, a more objective judgment, hoped can have the further research in later work and the study, also can joyful see the general basketball worker pleasantly, the expert, the scholar to the basketball athletics ability performance athletic field psychology and the movement intelligence scientific research achievement.
引文
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