山地小城市长宁县城规划管理模式研究
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摘要
随着市场经济形势的不断发展,作为指导城市建设的城市规划管理,其重要性日益凸现,同时也是由于规划工作的全面性、特殊性和基层工作的复杂性,规划管理中的各种矛盾日益突现。特别是在市场经济不断发展的今天,不同利益受益者之间的相互博弈,更增加了作为基层特别是县级规划管理部门的工作难度。本文力求通过有益探索,制定小城市规划管理的目标建立规划管理评价体系,建立具有可操作性的山地小城市规划管理模式,有效地解决县级城市规划编制滞后,规划管理落后,城市建设水平不高,公众参与意识不强等方面的问题,在一定程度上避免城市建设的盲目性。论文以长宁县为例,对近些年来规划管理的成功实例进行分析,力图从法律法规、技术和行政机构层面对山地小城市的规划管理模式作更进一步的探讨。本文主要从以下三方面论述。
第一、通过对美国、英国、新加坡和中国规划管理的现状调查和理论研究,吸取上述发达国家在实践中先进城市规划管理理念,合理确定经济发展、社会发展和人居环境的空间布局,促进城市健康有序发展。
第二、分析了规划法规与管理现状不符,规划编制思想、技术手段跟不上时代的发展,重规划编制,轻规划执行;重规划审批,轻规划执法;重规划项目,轻规划研究的错误思想依然盛行,规划管理机构不健全,行政效率低,从业人员素质不高,公众参与程度普遍较低,规划执法效果差,没有形成有效的监督机制等国内城市规划管理存在的显著问题。提出树立统筹观念、法制观念、树立人本主义观念、树立现代行政管理观念,总结出小城市规划管理的特点和规律,确保城市经济、社会和环境三者效益的有机统一和良性发展。
第三、以长宁县为例,通过一系列实例,就法律法规、技术和行政机构层面对山地小城市的规划管理模式作更进一步的探讨,从一是法规上有据,二是技术上可行,坚持以人为本的原则,因地制宜的原则,可操作性的原则,科学量化的原则,静态和动态相结合的原则,建立以综合规划的思想为指导的小城市规划管理的目标和评价体系,并运用AHP法进行各项指标权重分析,对规划管理评价体系中的各项指标权重作一些初步分析,有利于工作实践中的操作。三是经济上有效三方面进行把握,建立具有可操作性的规划管理模式。
As the market economy continues to develop,as a guide to the city urban construction planning and management,highlighting its growing importance,but also because of the comprehensive planning,and grassroots particularity the complexity of the work,planning and management of all kinds of contradictions become increasingly prominent.Particularly in the development of the market economy today,the beneficiaries of the different interests between the game also adds to the grassroots,particularly as county planning department work more difficult.The paper tries useful exploration,the development of small cities planning to establish management objectives for planning and management evaluation system,and establish workable small mountain town planning management model to address effectively the county town planning stagnant, backward management planning,urban construction level is not high,the sense of public participation Strong and other issues,to a certain extent,avoid the blindness of urban construction.The host and the author of the 81,650 example, in recent years,planning and management of the successful examples for analysis, trying to laws,regulations,technical and administrative body level to the small mountain town planning management model for further study,culminating in the adoption of a series of regulations and established,can be high starting point, high the standard,a high standard to build cities.
First,the United States,Britain,Singapore and China planning and management of Investigation and theoretical studies,lessons developed in practice these advanced urban planning and management concepts,set reasonable economic development,social development and the living environment of space layout,and promoting the healthy and orderly development.
Second,analysis of the planning regulations are inconsistent with the status quo management,planning ideas,technology lags behind the development of the times,re-planning,implementation planning light;Emphasis on planning permission,light enforcement planning;Re-planning project,the Light of planning studies erroneous ideas still prevail,planning and management institutions do not sound,administrative inefficiency,high quality employees, the public generally low level of participation,poor planning law enforcement, lack of effective supervision mechanism domestic city planning and management of significant problems.The concept proposed to establish co-ordination,the legal system,establish the humanist ideas,modern management concepts,summed up small urban planning and management characteristics of the law to ensure that the city's economic,social and environmental benefits of the three organic unity and healthy development.
Third,the author of changning located example,the regulations from the first evidence the two are technically feasible,adhere to the people-oriented principle,the principle of local conditions,the operational principle,the principle of scientific quantification,static and dynamic combination of the principle of establishing a comprehensive plan to guide the thinking of a small city planning and management objectives and evaluation system and the application of AHP indicators for the weights analysis of planning and management evaluation system of indicators right redefining some preliminary analysis is conducive to work and practice the operation,economically 3 is effective for three grasp,through a series of examples,laws and regulations,technical and administrative body level to the small mountain town planning management model for further study.
第一、通过对美国、英国、新加坡和中国规划管理的现状调查和理论研究,吸取上述发达国家在实践中先进城市规划管理理念,合理确定经济发展、社会发展和人居环境的空间布局,促进城市健康有序发展。
第二、分析了规划法规与管理现状不符,规划编制思想、技术手段跟不上时代的发展,重规划编制,轻规划执行;重规划审批,轻规划执法;重规划项目,轻规划研究的错误思想依然盛行,规划管理机构不健全,行政效率低,从业人员素质不高,公众参与程度普遍较低,规划执法效果差,没有形成有效的监督机制等国内城市规划管理存在的显著问题。提出树立统筹观念、法制观念、树立人本主义观念、树立现代行政管理观念,总结出小城市规划管理的特点和规律,确保城市经济、社会和环境三者效益的有机统一和良性发展。
第三、以长宁县为例,通过一系列实例,就法律法规、技术和行政机构层面对山地小城市的规划管理模式作更进一步的探讨,从一是法规上有据,二是技术上可行,坚持以人为本的原则,因地制宜的原则,可操作性的原则,科学量化的原则,静态和动态相结合的原则,建立以综合规划的思想为指导的小城市规划管理的目标和评价体系,并运用AHP法进行各项指标权重分析,对规划管理评价体系中的各项指标权重作一些初步分析,有利于工作实践中的操作。三是经济上有效三方面进行把握,建立具有可操作性的规划管理模式。
As the market economy continues to develop,as a guide to the city urban construction planning and management,highlighting its growing importance,but also because of the comprehensive planning,and grassroots particularity the complexity of the work,planning and management of all kinds of contradictions become increasingly prominent.Particularly in the development of the market economy today,the beneficiaries of the different interests between the game also adds to the grassroots,particularly as county planning department work more difficult.The paper tries useful exploration,the development of small cities planning to establish management objectives for planning and management evaluation system,and establish workable small mountain town planning management model to address effectively the county town planning stagnant, backward management planning,urban construction level is not high,the sense of public participation Strong and other issues,to a certain extent,avoid the blindness of urban construction.The host and the author of the 81,650 example, in recent years,planning and management of the successful examples for analysis, trying to laws,regulations,technical and administrative body level to the small mountain town planning management model for further study,culminating in the adoption of a series of regulations and established,can be high starting point, high the standard,a high standard to build cities.
First,the United States,Britain,Singapore and China planning and management of Investigation and theoretical studies,lessons developed in practice these advanced urban planning and management concepts,set reasonable economic development,social development and the living environment of space layout,and promoting the healthy and orderly development.
Second,analysis of the planning regulations are inconsistent with the status quo management,planning ideas,technology lags behind the development of the times,re-planning,implementation planning light;Emphasis on planning permission,light enforcement planning;Re-planning project,the Light of planning studies erroneous ideas still prevail,planning and management institutions do not sound,administrative inefficiency,high quality employees, the public generally low level of participation,poor planning law enforcement, lack of effective supervision mechanism domestic city planning and management of significant problems.The concept proposed to establish co-ordination,the legal system,establish the humanist ideas,modern management concepts,summed up small urban planning and management characteristics of the law to ensure that the city's economic,social and environmental benefits of the three organic unity and healthy development.
Third,the author of changning located example,the regulations from the first evidence the two are technically feasible,adhere to the people-oriented principle,the principle of local conditions,the operational principle,the principle of scientific quantification,static and dynamic combination of the principle of establishing a comprehensive plan to guide the thinking of a small city planning and management objectives and evaluation system and the application of AHP indicators for the weights analysis of planning and management evaluation system of indicators right redefining some preliminary analysis is conducive to work and practice the operation,economically 3 is effective for three grasp,through a series of examples,laws and regulations,technical and administrative body level to the small mountain town planning management model for further study.
引文
[01]陈纪凯.适应性城市设计.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2004,255.
[02]陈家骆等.小城镇建设管理.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2005,217.
[03]陈泳.城市空间:形态、类型与意义.南京.东南大学出版社,2004,3.
[04]丁成日等.城市规划与空间结构.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2005,7.
[05]扈万泰.城市设计运行机制.南京.东南大学出版社,2002,23.
[06]霍华德.明天:通往真正改革的和平之路.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2000,35.
[07]何坚勇.运筹学基础.北京.清华大学出版社,2005,357-359.
[08]黄光宇.山地城市学原理.重庆.重庆大学出版社,114.
[09]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生.南京.译林出版社,2005,458.
[10]凯文·林奇等.总体设计.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2001,65.
[11]凯文·林奇.城市意象.北京.华夏出版社,2001,72.
[12]李浩.控制性详细规划的调整和适应.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2006,64.
[13]仇保兴.追求繁荣与舒适——转型期间城市规划、建设与管理的若干策略.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2002,3.
[14]单德启.从传统民居到地区建筑.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2006,80.
[15]潭红.巴蜀移民史.成都.巴蜀书社出版社,2006,1.
[16]王红等.利用弹性理论进行建筑生态环境空间预测分析.北京.城市规划,2005,12.
[17]王晓川.城市规划对房地产开发的调控.北京.中国电力出版社,2006,152.
[18]吴必虎等.中国景观史.上海.上海人民出版社,2004,160.
[19]邢其敏等.城市建筑规划设计得失.天津.天津大学出版社,2005,27.
[20]徐浩.城市规划实施监控体系研究.同济大学硕士论文,2004,70.
[21]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法.兰州.兰州大学出版社,1994,160.
[22]杨冬辉.城市空间扩展与土地自然演进.南京.东南大学出版社,2006,114.
[23]严薇.市场经济下城市规划管理运行机制的研究.重庆大学博士论文,2004,175.
[24]注册城市规划师考试参考用书.北京.计划出版社,2003.
[25]张萍.城市规划法的价值取向.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2007,154.
[26]周进.城市公共空间建设的规划控制与引导.北京.中国建材工业出版社,2004,100.
[27]中华人民共和国城市规划法.
[28]中华人民共和国土地管理法.
[29]中华人民共和国房地产管理法.
[30]中华人民共和国立法法.
[31]中华人民共和国行政许可法.
[32]中华人民共和国城市规划法.
[33]国务院关于深化改革严格土地管理的决定.
[34]国务院关于印发《近期建设规划工作暂行办法》、《城市规划强制性内容暂行规定》的通知.
[35]国务院关于加强城乡规划监督管理的通知.
[36]国务院关于清理和控制城市建设中脱离实际的宽马路、大广场建设的通知.
[37]城市规划编制办法实施细则.
[38]城市国有土地使用权出让、转让规划管理办法.
[39]建设项目选址规划管理办法.
[40]城市地下空间开发利用管理规定.
[41]城市绿线管理办法.
[42]城市紫线管理办法.
[43]城市居住区规划设计规范.
[44]《四川省<中华人民共和国城市规划法>实施办法》.
[45]《长宁县城市规划管理实施细则》.
[46]长宁县城市规划管理技术规定.
[47]《长宁县城市规划变更审批暂行规定》.
[48]《长宁县城总体规划》.
[59]《长宁县城绿地系统规划》.
[50]《长宁县城生态规划》.
[51]《长宁县城城市绿线管理办法》.
[52]Alexander Garvin.The American city:what works,what doesn't 2nd ed.New York:McGraw—Hill,C2002.125.
[53]Charles H.Wurtzebach,Mike E.Mides.Susanne Ethridge.240.
[54]Cannon.Moder red estate.5~(th) Edition.1994.38.
[55]Harrison,A.Economics and land use planning.Policy.Fournals,1977.71.
[56]Jerry Anthony.The Effects of Florida's Growth man a gement.Acton Housing Affordability.APA Journal,Summer 2003.rol.69.71.
[57]Michael hough.City Form and Natural Process.New York:Van Nostrand Company, 1984.71.
[58]Panul J.May.Environmental Management and Govermance.Boston.MA:Thomson Publishing Company,1996.247.
[59]Raine Mtysalo>Learning from the UK:Towards Market—oriented Land use Planning.Housing,theory and Society.1987volvme:16.253.
[60]Suscin Buckingham.Environmental Planning and Sustainability.New York:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1996.54.
[02]陈家骆等.小城镇建设管理.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2005,217.
[03]陈泳.城市空间:形态、类型与意义.南京.东南大学出版社,2004,3.
[04]丁成日等.城市规划与空间结构.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2005,7.
[05]扈万泰.城市设计运行机制.南京.东南大学出版社,2002,23.
[06]霍华德.明天:通往真正改革的和平之路.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2000,35.
[07]何坚勇.运筹学基础.北京.清华大学出版社,2005,357-359.
[08]黄光宇.山地城市学原理.重庆.重庆大学出版社,114.
[09]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生.南京.译林出版社,2005,458.
[10]凯文·林奇等.总体设计.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2001,65.
[11]凯文·林奇.城市意象.北京.华夏出版社,2001,72.
[12]李浩.控制性详细规划的调整和适应.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2006,64.
[13]仇保兴.追求繁荣与舒适——转型期间城市规划、建设与管理的若干策略.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2002,3.
[14]单德启.从传统民居到地区建筑.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2006,80.
[15]潭红.巴蜀移民史.成都.巴蜀书社出版社,2006,1.
[16]王红等.利用弹性理论进行建筑生态环境空间预测分析.北京.城市规划,2005,12.
[17]王晓川.城市规划对房地产开发的调控.北京.中国电力出版社,2006,152.
[18]吴必虎等.中国景观史.上海.上海人民出版社,2004,160.
[19]邢其敏等.城市建筑规划设计得失.天津.天津大学出版社,2005,27.
[20]徐浩.城市规划实施监控体系研究.同济大学硕士论文,2004,70.
[21]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法.兰州.兰州大学出版社,1994,160.
[22]杨冬辉.城市空间扩展与土地自然演进.南京.东南大学出版社,2006,114.
[23]严薇.市场经济下城市规划管理运行机制的研究.重庆大学博士论文,2004,175.
[24]注册城市规划师考试参考用书.北京.计划出版社,2003.
[25]张萍.城市规划法的价值取向.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2007,154.
[26]周进.城市公共空间建设的规划控制与引导.北京.中国建材工业出版社,2004,100.
[27]中华人民共和国城市规划法.
[28]中华人民共和国土地管理法.
[29]中华人民共和国房地产管理法.
[30]中华人民共和国立法法.
[31]中华人民共和国行政许可法.
[32]中华人民共和国城市规划法.
[33]国务院关于深化改革严格土地管理的决定.
[34]国务院关于印发《近期建设规划工作暂行办法》、《城市规划强制性内容暂行规定》的通知.
[35]国务院关于加强城乡规划监督管理的通知.
[36]国务院关于清理和控制城市建设中脱离实际的宽马路、大广场建设的通知.
[37]城市规划编制办法实施细则.
[38]城市国有土地使用权出让、转让规划管理办法.
[39]建设项目选址规划管理办法.
[40]城市地下空间开发利用管理规定.
[41]城市绿线管理办法.
[42]城市紫线管理办法.
[43]城市居住区规划设计规范.
[44]《四川省<中华人民共和国城市规划法>实施办法》.
[45]《长宁县城市规划管理实施细则》.
[46]长宁县城市规划管理技术规定.
[47]《长宁县城市规划变更审批暂行规定》.
[48]《长宁县城总体规划》.
[59]《长宁县城绿地系统规划》.
[50]《长宁县城生态规划》.
[51]《长宁县城城市绿线管理办法》.
[52]Alexander Garvin.The American city:what works,what doesn't 2nd ed.New York:McGraw—Hill,C2002.125.
[53]Charles H.Wurtzebach,Mike E.Mides.Susanne Ethridge.240.
[54]Cannon.Moder red estate.5~(th) Edition.1994.38.
[55]Harrison,A.Economics and land use planning.Policy.Fournals,1977.71.
[56]Jerry Anthony.The Effects of Florida's Growth man a gement.Acton Housing Affordability.APA Journal,Summer 2003.rol.69.71.
[57]Michael hough.City Form and Natural Process.New York:Van Nostrand Company, 1984.71.
[58]Panul J.May.Environmental Management and Govermance.Boston.MA:Thomson Publishing Company,1996.247.
[59]Raine Mtysalo>Learning from the UK:Towards Market—oriented Land use Planning.Housing,theory and Society.1987volvme:16.253.
[60]Suscin Buckingham.Environmental Planning and Sustainability.New York:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1996.54.
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