高速磁浮列车推力波动及其抑制技术的仿真分析
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摘要
高速磁浮列车是人类解决交通问题的一大重要发明。在高速条件下磁浮列车稳态运行的稳定性和舒适性跟其驱动系统的推力波动有很大关系。论文介绍了高速磁浮列车推力波动抑制技术的研究现状,对直线电机电磁推力波动问题进行了广泛的调查研究,在深入分析引起高速磁浮列车推力波动各种因素的基础上,总结了目前对推力波动的各种抑制技术和方法。
论文根据电机电磁场相关理论,利用麦克斯韦方程组对高速磁浮列车的电磁场分布进行了研究,说明了利用虚位移法可以对电机电磁力进行更精确的有限元计算。
论文使用Maxwell 2D建立了高速磁浮列车悬浮电磁铁组合的等极距模型,对仿真计算出来的电磁场和推力波形进行了分析,气隙中央磁感应强度在X、Y方向上的分布都存在近似6次波动,并且推力也主要存在6倍频(基于定子电流频率)波动,波动大小约为43%,波动很大,必须对推力波动进行抑制。
论文先基于结构优化进行抑制推力波动的仿真分析。根据电磁铁组合模型,建立了单个悬浮电磁铁模型,仿真结果证明等极距时单个电磁铁模型可以代替电磁铁组合模型来进行推力波动研究,并且可以有效减小计算量和时间;通过部分性能优化进行参数化仿真研究,分别分析了功率角、气隙、定子电流、动子电流、定子齿槽和动子齿槽对推力的影响,仿真结果发现这些参数与推力之间的关系,并且单纯改变槽宽、槽高及齿槽形状并不能抑制该模型推力波动,而定子闭口槽可以有效抑制推力波动,推力波动仅为5.34%,但它工艺实现复杂。
论文基于结构优化仿真时还根据波动抑制理论建立了不等极距模型。通过对定子取不同极距时的悬浮电磁铁组合模型的仿真,结果证明不等极距可以有效抑制推力波动,并且定子极距为258mm、动子极距为266.5mm的模型推力波动最小,仅为3.36%。
论文还基于定子电流谐波进行抑制推力波动的仿真分析。建立了给定子电流加载特定次谐波的模型,通过对比仿真结果,发现加载7次谐波时推力波动最小,仅为33.8%。
因此,仿真分析结果表明结构优化时不等极距方法可以更有效抑制推力波动。
The electromagnetic high speed Maglev is an important invention. When it moves steadily in high speed, its stability and amenity can be affected by the thrust of driving system. The paper introduces the study actuality of restraining technology of thrust fluctuation, investigates sweepingly the problem of thrust fluctuation, and analyses deeply the factors of thrust fluctuation of high speed Maglev. Then this paper sums up the technology and methods which can restrain thrust fluctuation.
The paper uses Maxwell Equations to study the electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic high speed Maglev based on the theory of the electromagnetic field in the motor. It explains that the void displecement method can use finite element method to calculate the motor force accurately.
The paper uses Maxwell 2D to build an equality polar distance model of the combination of suspend electromagnetism steel, then analyses electromagnetic field and thrust.The results indicate that magnetic induction of air gap has almost six times fluctuation in the X and Y aspect, and the thrust has also six times frequency compared to stator current frequency. The thrust fluctuation is about 43%, which is too big so that we must restrain thrust fluctuation.
The paper analyses how it can restrain thrust fluctuation based on optimum structure. The paper builds single suspend electromagnetism steel of high speed Maglev. The simulation results proves that single electromagnetism steel model can replace the combination model of selectromagnetism steel to study the thrust fluctuation, and minish the quantitative and time of calculate.It simulates on parameters by optimum part capability. It researches the influnce that how power angle, air gap, stator current, rotor current, stator slot, and rotor slot affect the thrust. The simulation results find that these parameters have the relationship with the thrust of the model. It only changes the wideth, altitude and shape can not restrain thrust fluctuation. Stator without slots can restrain thrust fluctuation availably, and thrust fluctuation is only 5.34%, but it has difficulty to come true.
The paper also build a different polar distance model based on optimum structure. It analyses models with various stator distance The results prove that different polar distance can restrain thrust fluctuation. The model whose stator polar distance is 258mm, and rotor polar distance is 266.5mm, has the least thrust fluctuation, and it is only 3.36%.
The paper analyses how it can restrain thrust fluctuation based on harmonic waves of stator current. It builds equality polar distance models of the combination of electromagnetism steel, whose stator current is loaded with especial times harmonic waves. Comparing these simulation results with each other, it can find that when loading current with seven times harmonic wave the model has least thrust fluctuation, and it is 33.8%.
Therefore, simulation results prove that the method of different polar distance in optimum structure could restrain the thrust fluctuation efficiently.
论文根据电机电磁场相关理论,利用麦克斯韦方程组对高速磁浮列车的电磁场分布进行了研究,说明了利用虚位移法可以对电机电磁力进行更精确的有限元计算。
论文使用Maxwell 2D建立了高速磁浮列车悬浮电磁铁组合的等极距模型,对仿真计算出来的电磁场和推力波形进行了分析,气隙中央磁感应强度在X、Y方向上的分布都存在近似6次波动,并且推力也主要存在6倍频(基于定子电流频率)波动,波动大小约为43%,波动很大,必须对推力波动进行抑制。
论文先基于结构优化进行抑制推力波动的仿真分析。根据电磁铁组合模型,建立了单个悬浮电磁铁模型,仿真结果证明等极距时单个电磁铁模型可以代替电磁铁组合模型来进行推力波动研究,并且可以有效减小计算量和时间;通过部分性能优化进行参数化仿真研究,分别分析了功率角、气隙、定子电流、动子电流、定子齿槽和动子齿槽对推力的影响,仿真结果发现这些参数与推力之间的关系,并且单纯改变槽宽、槽高及齿槽形状并不能抑制该模型推力波动,而定子闭口槽可以有效抑制推力波动,推力波动仅为5.34%,但它工艺实现复杂。
论文基于结构优化仿真时还根据波动抑制理论建立了不等极距模型。通过对定子取不同极距时的悬浮电磁铁组合模型的仿真,结果证明不等极距可以有效抑制推力波动,并且定子极距为258mm、动子极距为266.5mm的模型推力波动最小,仅为3.36%。
论文还基于定子电流谐波进行抑制推力波动的仿真分析。建立了给定子电流加载特定次谐波的模型,通过对比仿真结果,发现加载7次谐波时推力波动最小,仅为33.8%。
因此,仿真分析结果表明结构优化时不等极距方法可以更有效抑制推力波动。
The electromagnetic high speed Maglev is an important invention. When it moves steadily in high speed, its stability and amenity can be affected by the thrust of driving system. The paper introduces the study actuality of restraining technology of thrust fluctuation, investigates sweepingly the problem of thrust fluctuation, and analyses deeply the factors of thrust fluctuation of high speed Maglev. Then this paper sums up the technology and methods which can restrain thrust fluctuation.
The paper uses Maxwell Equations to study the electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic high speed Maglev based on the theory of the electromagnetic field in the motor. It explains that the void displecement method can use finite element method to calculate the motor force accurately.
The paper uses Maxwell 2D to build an equality polar distance model of the combination of suspend electromagnetism steel, then analyses electromagnetic field and thrust.The results indicate that magnetic induction of air gap has almost six times fluctuation in the X and Y aspect, and the thrust has also six times frequency compared to stator current frequency. The thrust fluctuation is about 43%, which is too big so that we must restrain thrust fluctuation.
The paper analyses how it can restrain thrust fluctuation based on optimum structure. The paper builds single suspend electromagnetism steel of high speed Maglev. The simulation results proves that single electromagnetism steel model can replace the combination model of selectromagnetism steel to study the thrust fluctuation, and minish the quantitative and time of calculate.It simulates on parameters by optimum part capability. It researches the influnce that how power angle, air gap, stator current, rotor current, stator slot, and rotor slot affect the thrust. The simulation results find that these parameters have the relationship with the thrust of the model. It only changes the wideth, altitude and shape can not restrain thrust fluctuation. Stator without slots can restrain thrust fluctuation availably, and thrust fluctuation is only 5.34%, but it has difficulty to come true.
The paper also build a different polar distance model based on optimum structure. It analyses models with various stator distance The results prove that different polar distance can restrain thrust fluctuation. The model whose stator polar distance is 258mm, and rotor polar distance is 266.5mm, has the least thrust fluctuation, and it is only 3.36%.
The paper analyses how it can restrain thrust fluctuation based on harmonic waves of stator current. It builds equality polar distance models of the combination of electromagnetism steel, whose stator current is loaded with especial times harmonic waves. Comparing these simulation results with each other, it can find that when loading current with seven times harmonic wave the model has least thrust fluctuation, and it is 33.8%.
Therefore, simulation results prove that the method of different polar distance in optimum structure could restrain the thrust fluctuation efficiently.
引文
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[10]程树康,葛新,高宏伟,王宗培.分数槽无刷直流电动机齿槽定位力矩的研究[J]:中国电机工程学报,2008,28(21):107~111
[11]赵朝会,李遂亮,王新威.斜槽宽带及非均匀气隙对永磁同步发电机性能的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(3):323~326
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[13]刘爱民,张锦辉,高君.直线电机的推力波动及抑制方法[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2003,25(6):482~485
[14]汪旭东,郭欣欣,王飞,王艳.逆变器供电永磁直线同步电动机谐波分析[J].微电机.2007,40(7):10~12
[15] In-Soung Jung,Sang-Baeck Yoon,Jang-Ho Shim,Dong-Seok Hyun.Analysis of Forces in a Short Primary Type and a Short Secondary Type Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor[C].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol.14, No.4,December 1999,1265~1270
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