高韧性环氧树脂灌浆修复混凝土楼板温度收缩裂缝的研究
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摘要
混凝土楼板温度收缩裂缝对结构的整体性、耐久性和使用功能构成了严重的危害,作为一种成因较为复杂且处理困难的建筑通病,广泛发生于各种混凝土结构中。为了保障建筑的安全和正常使用,必须从多方面采取有效的措施控制混凝土温度应力和收缩应力,预防裂缝的发生。由于温度裂缝不断变化的特点,若采用刚性灌缝材料,容易引起再次拉裂。而柔性灌缝材料可随裂缝变化,修补效果更好。所以对已经出现的裂缝,应该在恰当的时间、选用合适的高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料和正确的化学灌浆修复技术妥善加以处理。
本文对现浇混凝土楼板温度收缩裂缝的控制、灌浆修复和高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料的性能和制备进行了研究,得出了以下结论:
1.研究了混凝土收缩、徐变、结构配筋、混凝土水化热温升和约束因素对混凝土温度收缩应力的影响,提出了防止混凝土楼板裂缝的若干技术措施。同时,总结归纳化学灌浆裂缝修复的技术要点。
2.根据热传导基本原理,考虑实际工程的边界条件和影响温度收缩裂缝的各种因素,建立混凝土楼板温度应力计算模型。经理论推导,得出了混凝土楼板温度应力计算公式。
3.通过环氧浆材固结体的抗压、抗拉、抗折强度试验来研究聚氨酯增韧改性配方。试验研究表明:聚氨酯增韧剂对环氧树脂的增韧效果明显。聚氨酯中氨基与环氧树脂中的环氧基发生开环反应,异氰酸酯基团和环氧树脂中的羟基或开环反应生成的羟基发生反应,把聚氨酯中醚键引进到原环氧树脂交联网络中,生成了弹性固化物,增强了浆材的韧性。随着聚氨酯加入量的增加,抗压、抗拉、抗折强度有不同程度的下降,断裂伸长率随之增大。需要选择适宜的加入量,以同时满足各项力学性能的要求。当聚氨酯的加入量达到20g时,约为环氧树脂量(A剂)的20%时,抗压强度为67MPa,抗拉强度为22.4MPa,抗折粘结强度大于8.4MPa(高于砂浆本体的粘结强度),断裂伸长率达到23%,各项物理力学指标完全满足规范要求,达到配制高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料的试验目的,是较为理想的高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料。
4.通过对实际工程楼板裂缝情况的调查,得出楼板裂缝产生的主要原因是混凝土收缩、季节性温差作用和应力集中。利用实验室配制的聚氨酯增韧的高韧性环氧树脂对该工程温度收缩裂缝进行化学灌浆修复,裂缝处理效果良好。为混凝土工程施工提出了一些合理的裂缝预防措施。
5.以实际工程作为算例,通过计算地下室底板、楼板贯穿裂缝和斜裂缝的温度收缩应力,得出了温度收缩应力的数值解,为楼板裂缝的原因分析、地下室后浇带的设置提供了理论依据和有益的参考。
Temperature-shrinkage cracks in reinforced concrete slabs are harmful to structure’s integrity, durability and service function. As for the building quality problems, the reason of forming these cracks is rather complicated and difficult to deal with. In order to ensure that buildings are safe and are used properly, temperature-shrinkage stress must be controlled by effective prevention measures in many aspects. As for temperature-shrinkage cracks that have taken place on reinforced concrete slabs, due to that the temperature-shrinkage cracks have ever-changing features, if the grout is rigid the slabs are easy to crack repetitively. But the flexible gout can change with the cracks and will work better. In-time chemical grouting with the appropriate material can mend the cracks.
This paper carries out studies on prevention of the temperature-shrinkage cracks in cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs, grouting restoration, and preparation and properties of high-toughness epoxy resin material. Some conclusions are reached:
1. Through analyzing influence of several factors such as contraction, creep, steel bars in concrete, the temperature rise of concrete due to hydration heat, and constraint on temperature-shrinkage stress, some technical measures to prevent cracks in R.C. slabs are put forward. Main technical points in chemical grouting restoration of cracks have been summarized.
2. According to basic principles of heat conduction, boundary conditions of practical engineering and main factors forming temperature-shrinkage cracks, a new calculation model is established. Through theoretical analysis, the calculation formulae of mass concrete temperature stress in R.C. slabs are presented.
3. The formula of toughness-modified epoxy resin adding a certain amount of flexibilizer polyurethane has been studied by experiments of compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength of epoxy resin grout coagulum. The toughness of epoxy resin is greatly improved by using flexibilizer polyurethane. The chemical reaction products between polyurethane and epoxy resin improve the toughness of the grout. With the increase of polyurethane amount, the toughness of the grout and elongation at break of coagulum increase, but at the same time the compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength decrease in varying degrees. We need to choose the appropriate amount of polyurethane in order to meet the requirements of mechanical properties. The appropriate amount of polyurethane to the high-toughness epoxy grouting material is 20g, i.e. about 20% of epoxy resin. The compressive and tensile strength are 67MPa and 22.4MPa respectively. The bending strength is greater than 8.4MPa (greater than the adhesive strength of mortar) and the elongation at break of coagulum is 23%. All the indices satisfy the requirements of codes. The relatively ideal high-toughness epoxy resin grouting material is made up and the experiment is successful.
4. Through investigating and analyzing cracks in R.C. slabs of some typical engineering projects, it is concluded that the primary causes of forming cracks are concrete shrinkage, action of the seasonal difference in temperature, and stress concentration. High-toughness epoxy resin flexibilized with polyurethane is applied to restoring cracks in R.C. slabs. The restoration effect is perfect. Some reasonable suggestions were raised to improve the follow-up construction of mass reinforced concrete structure.
5. High-toughness epoxy resin grouting restoration technology is applied to the practical engineering project. Through calculating temperature-shrinkage stress of through and diagonal cracks in basement and floor slabs, numerical solutions of temperature-shrinkage stress are obtained. These conclusions are helpful and beneficial to the arrangement of late poured R.C. bands and analyzing the forming reason of cracks in R.C. slabs.
本文对现浇混凝土楼板温度收缩裂缝的控制、灌浆修复和高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料的性能和制备进行了研究,得出了以下结论:
1.研究了混凝土收缩、徐变、结构配筋、混凝土水化热温升和约束因素对混凝土温度收缩应力的影响,提出了防止混凝土楼板裂缝的若干技术措施。同时,总结归纳化学灌浆裂缝修复的技术要点。
2.根据热传导基本原理,考虑实际工程的边界条件和影响温度收缩裂缝的各种因素,建立混凝土楼板温度应力计算模型。经理论推导,得出了混凝土楼板温度应力计算公式。
3.通过环氧浆材固结体的抗压、抗拉、抗折强度试验来研究聚氨酯增韧改性配方。试验研究表明:聚氨酯增韧剂对环氧树脂的增韧效果明显。聚氨酯中氨基与环氧树脂中的环氧基发生开环反应,异氰酸酯基团和环氧树脂中的羟基或开环反应生成的羟基发生反应,把聚氨酯中醚键引进到原环氧树脂交联网络中,生成了弹性固化物,增强了浆材的韧性。随着聚氨酯加入量的增加,抗压、抗拉、抗折强度有不同程度的下降,断裂伸长率随之增大。需要选择适宜的加入量,以同时满足各项力学性能的要求。当聚氨酯的加入量达到20g时,约为环氧树脂量(A剂)的20%时,抗压强度为67MPa,抗拉强度为22.4MPa,抗折粘结强度大于8.4MPa(高于砂浆本体的粘结强度),断裂伸长率达到23%,各项物理力学指标完全满足规范要求,达到配制高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料的试验目的,是较为理想的高韧性环氧树脂灌浆材料。
4.通过对实际工程楼板裂缝情况的调查,得出楼板裂缝产生的主要原因是混凝土收缩、季节性温差作用和应力集中。利用实验室配制的聚氨酯增韧的高韧性环氧树脂对该工程温度收缩裂缝进行化学灌浆修复,裂缝处理效果良好。为混凝土工程施工提出了一些合理的裂缝预防措施。
5.以实际工程作为算例,通过计算地下室底板、楼板贯穿裂缝和斜裂缝的温度收缩应力,得出了温度收缩应力的数值解,为楼板裂缝的原因分析、地下室后浇带的设置提供了理论依据和有益的参考。
Temperature-shrinkage cracks in reinforced concrete slabs are harmful to structure’s integrity, durability and service function. As for the building quality problems, the reason of forming these cracks is rather complicated and difficult to deal with. In order to ensure that buildings are safe and are used properly, temperature-shrinkage stress must be controlled by effective prevention measures in many aspects. As for temperature-shrinkage cracks that have taken place on reinforced concrete slabs, due to that the temperature-shrinkage cracks have ever-changing features, if the grout is rigid the slabs are easy to crack repetitively. But the flexible gout can change with the cracks and will work better. In-time chemical grouting with the appropriate material can mend the cracks.
This paper carries out studies on prevention of the temperature-shrinkage cracks in cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs, grouting restoration, and preparation and properties of high-toughness epoxy resin material. Some conclusions are reached:
1. Through analyzing influence of several factors such as contraction, creep, steel bars in concrete, the temperature rise of concrete due to hydration heat, and constraint on temperature-shrinkage stress, some technical measures to prevent cracks in R.C. slabs are put forward. Main technical points in chemical grouting restoration of cracks have been summarized.
2. According to basic principles of heat conduction, boundary conditions of practical engineering and main factors forming temperature-shrinkage cracks, a new calculation model is established. Through theoretical analysis, the calculation formulae of mass concrete temperature stress in R.C. slabs are presented.
3. The formula of toughness-modified epoxy resin adding a certain amount of flexibilizer polyurethane has been studied by experiments of compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength of epoxy resin grout coagulum. The toughness of epoxy resin is greatly improved by using flexibilizer polyurethane. The chemical reaction products between polyurethane and epoxy resin improve the toughness of the grout. With the increase of polyurethane amount, the toughness of the grout and elongation at break of coagulum increase, but at the same time the compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength decrease in varying degrees. We need to choose the appropriate amount of polyurethane in order to meet the requirements of mechanical properties. The appropriate amount of polyurethane to the high-toughness epoxy grouting material is 20g, i.e. about 20% of epoxy resin. The compressive and tensile strength are 67MPa and 22.4MPa respectively. The bending strength is greater than 8.4MPa (greater than the adhesive strength of mortar) and the elongation at break of coagulum is 23%. All the indices satisfy the requirements of codes. The relatively ideal high-toughness epoxy resin grouting material is made up and the experiment is successful.
4. Through investigating and analyzing cracks in R.C. slabs of some typical engineering projects, it is concluded that the primary causes of forming cracks are concrete shrinkage, action of the seasonal difference in temperature, and stress concentration. High-toughness epoxy resin flexibilized with polyurethane is applied to restoring cracks in R.C. slabs. The restoration effect is perfect. Some reasonable suggestions were raised to improve the follow-up construction of mass reinforced concrete structure.
5. High-toughness epoxy resin grouting restoration technology is applied to the practical engineering project. Through calculating temperature-shrinkage stress of through and diagonal cracks in basement and floor slabs, numerical solutions of temperature-shrinkage stress are obtained. These conclusions are helpful and beneficial to the arrangement of late poured R.C. bands and analyzing the forming reason of cracks in R.C. slabs.
引文
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