化学复合镀镍—磷—金刚石研究
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摘要
磨损是设备零部件失效的一个重要原因,导致的材料、能源等的浪费非常严重。因而,机械设备使用寿命期内的减摩、抗磨工作具有节能节材和充分利用资源等巨大的社会和经济效益,表面处理强化技术正是达到这一目标的有效途径。
化学复合镀是在普通化学镀的基础上,通过加入第二相颗粒以得到具有优异性能复合镀层的一种表面处理技术,由于其具有工艺简单、镀层均匀、性能优良等特点,这些年来得到了广泛的研究。本文在化学镀层中复合金刚石微粉、爆轰金刚石黑粉和灰粉,制备出具有优异耐磨性能的金刚石复合镀层。
前期,总体研究了化学镀液种类、金刚石种类与含量、表面活性剂种类与含量、热处理温度等对金刚石复合镀层性能的影响,发现化学镀液种类对金刚石复合镀层性能的影响较小。选定本研究所用化学镀液后,采用正交试验设计方法,分组实验研究了化学镀液中金刚石含量、表面活性剂种类与含量、热处理温度对金刚石微粉、灰粉和黑粉三种化学复合镀层性能的影响。并运用SEM、XRD、显微硬度、摩擦磨损试验等手段分析了金刚石颗粒在复合镀层中的分散分布状况、复合镀层的表面形貌、组织结构、显微硬度、摩擦系数、耐磨性能以及热处理对镀层组织结构的影响。
实验表明:
1.对于金刚石微粉复合镀,镀层耐磨性能的最佳工艺为:镀液中金刚石微粉含量2g/L,不另外添加表面活性剂,镀层热处理温度为400℃。
2.对于纳米金刚石灰粉复合镀,镀层耐磨性能的最佳工艺为:镀液中金刚石灰粉含量为4g/L,添加SHP,相对含量为1:20,镀层热处理温度为400℃。
3.对于爆轰金刚石黑粉复合镀,镀层耐磨性能的最佳工艺为:镀液中金刚石黑粉含量为8g/L,不另外添加表面活性剂,镀层热处理温度为360℃。
并且,对这三种金刚石复合镀层进行比较,结果表明纳米金刚石黑粉复合镀层的综合性能最优。
Wear which results in serious waste of material and energy, has been a very important cause for the destroy of mechanical equipment. So the research on the friction-reduction and wear-resistance during the service life of mechanical equipment is of great social and economical benefit. And the surface treatment technology is an effective approach to get expected goals.
Based on conventional electroless plating, electroless composite plating was developed as a new surface treatment technology by adding particles to obtain composite coatings with excellent performances. As a kind of excellent surface treatment technology with simple techniques, homogeneous and fine coatings, electroless composite plating has been widely studied. In this paper, electroless composite coatings, the performances of which are excellent, compounded with micro-sized diamond, black powder or nano-particles of explosive detonation diamond are obtained.
Firstly, the effect of electroless plating bath, sort of diamond particle, concentration of diamond particle, surfactant and its concentration, and heat treatment parameter on the properties of coatings was studied on the whole. And it was found that the effect of sort of electroless plating bath was very little. After choosing the electroless plating bath, the influence of concentration of diamond particle, surfactant and its concentration, and heat treatment temperature on the properties of these three kinds of electroless Ni-P-diamond composite coatings were studied group by group by orthogonal experiment design method. And the distribution of diamond particles in the coating, microstructure, microhardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, etc. of the coating were analyzed by SEM, XRD and other instruments.
Based on the experimental results and analysis, the following conclusions have been drawn.
1. The optimal parameters for the electroless composite plating of micro-sized diamond are: the concentration of diamond being 2g/L, the heat treatment temperature being 400℃, and not adding any surfactant.
2. The optimal parameters for the electroless composite plating of explosive detonation nanodiamond are: adding SHP, and its mass ratio to nanodiamond being 1:20, the concentration of nanodiamond being 4g/L, and the heat treatment temperature being 400℃.
3. The optimal parameters for the electroless composite plating of black powder are: the concentration of diamond black powder being 8g/L, the heat treatment temperature being 360℃, and not adding any surfactant.
Moreover, according to the comparison among the different coatings, it is found that the electroless composite coating compounded with black powder has the best comprehensive properties.
化学复合镀是在普通化学镀的基础上,通过加入第二相颗粒以得到具有优异性能复合镀层的一种表面处理技术,由于其具有工艺简单、镀层均匀、性能优良等特点,这些年来得到了广泛的研究。本文在化学镀层中复合金刚石微粉、爆轰金刚石黑粉和灰粉,制备出具有优异耐磨性能的金刚石复合镀层。
前期,总体研究了化学镀液种类、金刚石种类与含量、表面活性剂种类与含量、热处理温度等对金刚石复合镀层性能的影响,发现化学镀液种类对金刚石复合镀层性能的影响较小。选定本研究所用化学镀液后,采用正交试验设计方法,分组实验研究了化学镀液中金刚石含量、表面活性剂种类与含量、热处理温度对金刚石微粉、灰粉和黑粉三种化学复合镀层性能的影响。并运用SEM、XRD、显微硬度、摩擦磨损试验等手段分析了金刚石颗粒在复合镀层中的分散分布状况、复合镀层的表面形貌、组织结构、显微硬度、摩擦系数、耐磨性能以及热处理对镀层组织结构的影响。
实验表明:
1.对于金刚石微粉复合镀,镀层耐磨性能的最佳工艺为:镀液中金刚石微粉含量2g/L,不另外添加表面活性剂,镀层热处理温度为400℃。
2.对于纳米金刚石灰粉复合镀,镀层耐磨性能的最佳工艺为:镀液中金刚石灰粉含量为4g/L,添加SHP,相对含量为1:20,镀层热处理温度为400℃。
3.对于爆轰金刚石黑粉复合镀,镀层耐磨性能的最佳工艺为:镀液中金刚石黑粉含量为8g/L,不另外添加表面活性剂,镀层热处理温度为360℃。
并且,对这三种金刚石复合镀层进行比较,结果表明纳米金刚石黑粉复合镀层的综合性能最优。
Wear which results in serious waste of material and energy, has been a very important cause for the destroy of mechanical equipment. So the research on the friction-reduction and wear-resistance during the service life of mechanical equipment is of great social and economical benefit. And the surface treatment technology is an effective approach to get expected goals.
Based on conventional electroless plating, electroless composite plating was developed as a new surface treatment technology by adding particles to obtain composite coatings with excellent performances. As a kind of excellent surface treatment technology with simple techniques, homogeneous and fine coatings, electroless composite plating has been widely studied. In this paper, electroless composite coatings, the performances of which are excellent, compounded with micro-sized diamond, black powder or nano-particles of explosive detonation diamond are obtained.
Firstly, the effect of electroless plating bath, sort of diamond particle, concentration of diamond particle, surfactant and its concentration, and heat treatment parameter on the properties of coatings was studied on the whole. And it was found that the effect of sort of electroless plating bath was very little. After choosing the electroless plating bath, the influence of concentration of diamond particle, surfactant and its concentration, and heat treatment temperature on the properties of these three kinds of electroless Ni-P-diamond composite coatings were studied group by group by orthogonal experiment design method. And the distribution of diamond particles in the coating, microstructure, microhardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, etc. of the coating were analyzed by SEM, XRD and other instruments.
Based on the experimental results and analysis, the following conclusions have been drawn.
1. The optimal parameters for the electroless composite plating of micro-sized diamond are: the concentration of diamond being 2g/L, the heat treatment temperature being 400℃, and not adding any surfactant.
2. The optimal parameters for the electroless composite plating of explosive detonation nanodiamond are: adding SHP, and its mass ratio to nanodiamond being 1:20, the concentration of nanodiamond being 4g/L, and the heat treatment temperature being 400℃.
3. The optimal parameters for the electroless composite plating of black powder are: the concentration of diamond black powder being 8g/L, the heat treatment temperature being 360℃, and not adding any surfactant.
Moreover, according to the comparison among the different coatings, it is found that the electroless composite coating compounded with black powder has the best comprehensive properties.
引文
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