矿业城市可持续发展耦分析
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摘要
矿业城市是我国城镇体系的重要组成部分,在区域经济和国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位,同时也是我国重要的能源和原材料基地。但是随着市场环境的变化、矿产资源的递减和枯竭等主客观条件的变化,矿业城市经济效益下滑、经济增长缓慢,同时伴随着科技教育、基础设施发展滞后、生态环境污染、失业率上升、居民生活水平相对下降等一系列环境和社会问题。而诸如经济效益、科技教育、基础设施、生态环境等问题因素并不是孤立的,而是相互影响、相互作用的,形成网状交织的耦,局部出现的问题会产生全局放大效应,使矿业城市的发展陷入恶性循环,从而严重阻碍矿业城市的可持续发展。同时,由于问题因素之间相互影响、相互作用的耦合关系,把握和改善关键问题因素,也会通过放大效应促进其它问题的解决,从而促进矿业城市可持续发展的实现。
本文运用定量和定性的方法探索了矿业城市可持续发展耦的内部构成及其内部复杂的耦合关系,以找出影响矿业城市可持续发展的关键问题,提出有针对性的解决对策。本文首先概括性地分析了矿业城市发展的障碍性因素,进而分析了矿业城市可持续发展的内容,并提出了矿业城市可持续发展耦的概念。接下来从矿业城市的核心问题——经济问题入手,引入决定经济可持续发展的指标——全要素生产率,通过测算矿业城市全要素生产率的变动及其影响因素分析矿业城市经济发展的持续性情况及其内在影响因素,进而分析了矿业城市经济可持续发展与各影响因素之间的耦合关系。在此基础上,把影响矿业城市经济、环境、社会可持续发展的问题一同以变量形式纳入因果关系图进行分析,构建矿业城市可持续发展耦的因果关系图,深入分析了各问题变量之间的因果关系,并找出关键变量,最后针对这些关键的薄弱环节提出解决对策,促进矿业城市可持续发展面临的诸多问题的有效解决。
Mining cities constitute an important component of our country's urban system, and they enjoy a vital position in China's regional economy and national economy, and they are also our country's important energy and raw material base. But with the changes of market environment, the diminishing and depletion of mineral resources and other subjective and objective condition changes, the economic efficiency of mining cities declined and the economy increased slowly, followed by a series of environmental and social problems such as sluggish development of technology, education and municipal infrastructure, ecological environment pollution, successively rising of unemployment rate, relative drop of residents living standard. Such problem factors as economic efficiency, technology, education, municipal infrastructure and ecological environment are not isolated, but interrelated and interaction, forming reticulated, interlaced coupling. Problems of the part will create amplification effect in the whole, will make mining cities get into vicious circles and seriously impede sustainable development of mining cities. Simultaneously, because of the interrelated, interaction coupling relations between the problem factors, grasping and improving the key problem factors will also promote solving other problems through amplification effect, so as to achieve sustainable development of mining cities.
This paper uses quantitative and qualitative methods to explore internal structure and complex internal coupling relations of coupling of mining cities' sustainable development in order to identify the key problems that influence mining cities sustainable development, and to put forward focused solution. The paper first generally analyzed development barriers of mining cities, then analyzed the content of mining cities sustainable development, and then put forward the concept of coupling of mining cities' sustainable development. Next, started with mining cities central issue——economic problems, introduced total factor productivity which decided economy sustainable development, and analyzed sustainability of mining cities' economic development and its interior factors by estimating the change of total factor productivity and its influencing factors, and then analyzed the coupling relations between mining cities economic development and its interior factors. On that basis, brought problems that influenced economic, environmental, and social sustainable development of mining cities in variables form into casual loop diagram, built casual loop diagram of coupling of mining cities sustainable development, made in-depth analysis on the causality of those problem variables, found out key variables, and proposed countermeasures to strengthen those key weak links, to promote effective solution to the problems of mining cities sustainable development.
本文运用定量和定性的方法探索了矿业城市可持续发展耦的内部构成及其内部复杂的耦合关系,以找出影响矿业城市可持续发展的关键问题,提出有针对性的解决对策。本文首先概括性地分析了矿业城市发展的障碍性因素,进而分析了矿业城市可持续发展的内容,并提出了矿业城市可持续发展耦的概念。接下来从矿业城市的核心问题——经济问题入手,引入决定经济可持续发展的指标——全要素生产率,通过测算矿业城市全要素生产率的变动及其影响因素分析矿业城市经济发展的持续性情况及其内在影响因素,进而分析了矿业城市经济可持续发展与各影响因素之间的耦合关系。在此基础上,把影响矿业城市经济、环境、社会可持续发展的问题一同以变量形式纳入因果关系图进行分析,构建矿业城市可持续发展耦的因果关系图,深入分析了各问题变量之间的因果关系,并找出关键变量,最后针对这些关键的薄弱环节提出解决对策,促进矿业城市可持续发展面临的诸多问题的有效解决。
Mining cities constitute an important component of our country's urban system, and they enjoy a vital position in China's regional economy and national economy, and they are also our country's important energy and raw material base. But with the changes of market environment, the diminishing and depletion of mineral resources and other subjective and objective condition changes, the economic efficiency of mining cities declined and the economy increased slowly, followed by a series of environmental and social problems such as sluggish development of technology, education and municipal infrastructure, ecological environment pollution, successively rising of unemployment rate, relative drop of residents living standard. Such problem factors as economic efficiency, technology, education, municipal infrastructure and ecological environment are not isolated, but interrelated and interaction, forming reticulated, interlaced coupling. Problems of the part will create amplification effect in the whole, will make mining cities get into vicious circles and seriously impede sustainable development of mining cities. Simultaneously, because of the interrelated, interaction coupling relations between the problem factors, grasping and improving the key problem factors will also promote solving other problems through amplification effect, so as to achieve sustainable development of mining cities.
This paper uses quantitative and qualitative methods to explore internal structure and complex internal coupling relations of coupling of mining cities' sustainable development in order to identify the key problems that influence mining cities sustainable development, and to put forward focused solution. The paper first generally analyzed development barriers of mining cities, then analyzed the content of mining cities sustainable development, and then put forward the concept of coupling of mining cities' sustainable development. Next, started with mining cities central issue——economic problems, introduced total factor productivity which decided economy sustainable development, and analyzed sustainability of mining cities' economic development and its interior factors by estimating the change of total factor productivity and its influencing factors, and then analyzed the coupling relations between mining cities economic development and its interior factors. On that basis, brought problems that influenced economic, environmental, and social sustainable development of mining cities in variables form into casual loop diagram, built casual loop diagram of coupling of mining cities sustainable development, made in-depth analysis on the causality of those problem variables, found out key variables, and proposed countermeasures to strengthen those key weak links, to promote effective solution to the problems of mining cities sustainable development.
引文
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21.丁磊.施祖麟.资源城市经济转型[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000,(1):52-55.
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29.郑伯红.资源型城市的可持续发展优化及案例研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1999,(3):51-56.
30.马若兰,王春燕.试论矿业城市中期发展阶段的可持续发展--以西北地区矿业城市为例[J].开发研究,1999,(6):26-27.
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33.赵海云,张以诚冲国矿业城市界定标准几个问题的探讨[J].资源·产业,2004,6(2):38-41.
34.张以诚,赵海云.中国矿城:历史、现状、未来.国土资源,2003,(9):10-19.
35.Owen,Oliver S,Chiras,Daniel D.Natural resource conservation-an ecological approach 5th edition[M].New York:Macmillan Publishing Co.,1975.
36.樊杰.我国煤矿城市产业结构转换问题研究.地理学报,1993,(5):218-225.
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