孤岛油田采出液油水分离技术研究
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摘要
孤岛油田已进入特高含水期开发阶段,随着注聚、热采等三次采油技术的不断应用,采出液越来越复杂,使得原油脱水和污水处理难度加大。而传统的破乳剂筛选方法对原油性质与破乳剂的破乳效果缺乏系统、有效的关联,使破乳剂的合成和筛选针对性不强,造成工作量大,效率低,一旦原油脱水出现问题,不能及时解决生产问题。针对这一难题,提出以采出液组分分析为起点,对采出液进行分离分析,建立了采出液的分离及各组分分析表征方法,系统研究原油及其组分的界面性质,确认沥青质是原油乳状液稳定的主要因素,聚丙烯酰胺的加入,又增加了乳状液的稳定;通过研究不同类型破乳剂对原油各组分乳状液的破乳效果,建立了原油组分性质与破乳剂结构性能的关系图板并使之程序化,为原油破乳剂选型及复配提供了判别依据。一方面,在破乳剂关系图板的指导下,研发出适用于孤岛油田采出液特点的高效破乳剂和含聚污水处理剂。另一方面,通过对污水中有机物各亚组分的乳化性能分析,确认酸值高及极性大的亚组分乳化能力强,在对含聚污水稳定性影响因素及处理对策的研究基础上,研发复配出适合高含聚污水的处理剂。使用研发复配的破乳剂和污水处理剂,在孤二联和孤五联试验应用一个月,孤五联外输油含水由平均1.2%降为平均0.7%,外输污水含油由试验前的平均2700mg/L降为平均144mg/L;孤二联外输油含水由平均1.6%降为平均1.0%,外输污水含油由试验前的平均2700mg/L降为平均190mg/L左右,取得了明显的效果,外输原油含水降低,用量减少,并且脱后水中含油明显降低,外输污水含油大大降低,解决了孤岛油田含聚污水难处理的问题。两个联合站处理成本都不高于目前处理成本,且试验期间获得较大经济效益。
Gudao Oilfield had been in production with extremely high water cut. The produced liquid was more and more complicate with the application of EOR technique such as polymer flooding and thermal recovery. And the problem of crude oil dehydrating and sewage disposal was more and more difficult. It was lack of systematic and effective correlation between the traditional method of screening demulsifier and the crude oil character and deemulsification of demulsifying agent, it caused no pertinence of the synthesis and screening of demulsifying agent, heavy work and low level efficiency. Once crude oil dehydration appeared, it could not be resolved timely. According to the problem, starting with liquid component analysis were putted forward. The separation of the produced fluid and component analysis characterization was built by the analysis of separated produced fluid. It was observed that the primary factor for the stability of oil emulsion was asphalt by the systematic study of the interfacial properties of crude oil and its components. At the same time, the addition of polymer also stabilized the emulsion. The relative board of the constitutive property of crude oil components character and the structure performance of dcmulsifiers was founded and was programmed by the study on effect of the different demulsificrs for oil emulsion, which would offer the discriminant foundation for the choice of demulsifying agent and its assemblage. On the one hand, high efficiency demulsifying agent and polymer-bearing sewage treatment agent ware developed, which were applicable to the produced liquid in Gudao oilfield under the guidance of the relative board. On the other hand, the subfabric with high acid value and large polarity had high emulsifying ability through the analysis of emulsifying performance of organic subfabric in sewage. On the base of affecting factor and treatment for polymer-bearing sewage stability, the suitable treating agent for polymer-bearing sewage was developed. The demulsifying agent and treating agent of sewage were tested one month in Gudao II joint station and Gudao V joint station, which produced an obvious result. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped from the average of 1.2% to 0.7%, the oil cut of external sewage was dropped from the average of 2700mg/L to 144mg/L in Gudao V joint station. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped from the average of 1.6% to 1.0%, the oil cut of external sewage was dropped from the average of 2700 mg/L to 190 mg/L in Gudao II joint station. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped apparently, the usage of treating agent and the oil cut of external sewage were reduced, and the problem of the difficult treatment ofpolymer-bearing sewage in Gudao oilfield was resolved. The treatment cost of the two joint stations was no higher than the present. Big economic benefit was obtained during the experiment.
Gudao Oilfield had been in production with extremely high water cut. The produced liquid was more and more complicate with the application of EOR technique such as polymer flooding and thermal recovery. And the problem of crude oil dehydrating and sewage disposal was more and more difficult. It was lack of systematic and effective correlation between the traditional method of screening demulsifier and the crude oil character and deemulsification of demulsifying agent, it caused no pertinence of the synthesis and screening of demulsifying agent, heavy work and low level efficiency. Once crude oil dehydration appeared, it could not be resolved timely. According to the problem, starting with liquid component analysis were putted forward. The separation of the produced fluid and component analysis characterization was built by the analysis of separated produced fluid. It was observed that the primary factor for the stability of oil emulsion was asphalt by the systematic study of the interfacial properties of crude oil and its components. At the same time, the addition of polymer also stabilized the emulsion. The relative board of the constitutive property of crude oil components character and the structure performance of dcmulsifiers was founded and was programmed by the study on effect of the different demulsificrs for oil emulsion, which would offer the discriminant foundation for the choice of demulsifying agent and its assemblage. On the one hand, high efficiency demulsifying agent and polymer-bearing sewage treatment agent ware developed, which were applicable to the produced liquid in Gudao oilfield under the guidance of the relative board. On the other hand, the subfabric with high acid value and large polarity had high emulsifying ability through the analysis of emulsifying performance of organic subfabric in sewage. On the base of affecting factor and treatment for polymer-bearing sewage stability, the suitable treating agent for polymer-bearing sewage was developed. The demulsifying agent and treating agent of sewage were tested one month in Gudao II joint station and Gudao V joint station, which produced an obvious result. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped from the average of 1.2% to 0.7%, the oil cut of external sewage was dropped from the average of 2700mg/L to 144mg/L in Gudao V joint station. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped from the average of 1.6% to 1.0%, the oil cut of external sewage was dropped from the average of 2700 mg/L to 190 mg/L in Gudao II joint station. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped apparently, the usage of treating agent and the oil cut of external sewage were reduced, and the problem of the difficult treatment ofpolymer-bearing sewage in Gudao oilfield was resolved. The treatment cost of the two joint stations was no higher than the present. Big economic benefit was obtained during the experiment.
引文
[1]赵福麟.EOR原理,石油大学出版社,2001,7:2-5.
[2]范维玉,宋远明等.水包稠油乳状液稳定性研究(Ⅰ),石油学报(石油加工),2001,17(增刊):1-8.
[3]李明远,俎永平.原油乳状液稳定性研究(蜡与原油乳状液稳定性).油气田地面工程,1997,16(2):1-3.
[4]徐志成,安静仪等.原油乳状液油—水界面活性物的结构和活性.石油学报(石油加工),2003,19(5):1-6.
[5]田利,邹明珠,许宏鼎等.采油污水中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺浓度的测定.吉林大学学报(理学版).2003,41(2):224-227.
[6]刘霞,蒋生祥等.用单柱离子色谱法测定油田水质.石油学报,1999,20(5):76-81.
[7]袁建平,陈屏刚等.紫外光检测和离子色谱法测定无机阴离子的研究,华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1996,24(21):79-83.
[8]宋守国,侯学志,葛树生等.三次采油用聚丙烯酰胺浓度的测定:化学发光定氮法,石油工业技术监督,2002,18(7):27-29.
[9]孔柏岭,张红春.淀粉—碘化镉方法测量聚丙烯酰胺水解度的研究,油田化学,1997,14(1):73-76.
[10]郭志东,吴燕飚,黄宏光.化学驱油中浊度法测定HPAM浓度的准确性.油田化学,1999,16(2):167-170.
[11]Waller P R,William A,Bartle K P.The structural nature and solubility of residual oil fraction.Fuel,1989,68:520-526.
[12]徐志成,安静仪等.胜利原油酸性组分的结构与界面活性,石油学报(石油加工),2001,17(6):1-5.
[13]乔建江,詹敏等.乳化原油的破乳机理研究Ⅰ·油水界面张力对破乳破乳效果的影响.石油学报(石油化工),1999,15(2):1-5.
[14]鄢捷年,王富华等.固体微粒对油水体系的乳化稳定作用,油田化学,1995,12(3):191-196.
[15]杨小丽,陆婉珍.有关原油乳状液稳定性的研究,油田化学,1998,15(1):87-96
[16]张荣明,仇念海等.胶质,沥青质对模拟原油乳状液破乳影响的探索性研究,大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(1):55-58.
[17]Eley D D,Hey M J,Lee M A.Rhcological Studies of Asphaltene Films adsorbed at the oil/water Interface.Colloids and Surfances.1987,24:173-182.
[18]李明远,甄鹏等.原油乳状液稳定性研究,石油学报(石油加工),1999,15(5):1-5.
[19]林梅钦,杨红生等.克拉玛依原油中各组分的乳化性质,石油学报(石油加工),2002,18(3):65-69.
[20]吴迪,艾广智等.聚合物驱和三元复合驱采出水流变性和采出液稳定性研究,日用化学品科学,2000,23(增刊1):110-115.
[21]康万利,岳湘安等.聚合物对乳状液及液膜的稳定性,石油学报,1997,18(4):122-125.
[22]马刚,于晓燕.破乳剂在原油脱水中的评价与应用.华北石油设计,2001,65(3):25-27.
[2]范维玉,宋远明等.水包稠油乳状液稳定性研究(Ⅰ),石油学报(石油加工),2001,17(增刊):1-8.
[3]李明远,俎永平.原油乳状液稳定性研究(蜡与原油乳状液稳定性).油气田地面工程,1997,16(2):1-3.
[4]徐志成,安静仪等.原油乳状液油—水界面活性物的结构和活性.石油学报(石油加工),2003,19(5):1-6.
[5]田利,邹明珠,许宏鼎等.采油污水中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺浓度的测定.吉林大学学报(理学版).2003,41(2):224-227.
[6]刘霞,蒋生祥等.用单柱离子色谱法测定油田水质.石油学报,1999,20(5):76-81.
[7]袁建平,陈屏刚等.紫外光检测和离子色谱法测定无机阴离子的研究,华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1996,24(21):79-83.
[8]宋守国,侯学志,葛树生等.三次采油用聚丙烯酰胺浓度的测定:化学发光定氮法,石油工业技术监督,2002,18(7):27-29.
[9]孔柏岭,张红春.淀粉—碘化镉方法测量聚丙烯酰胺水解度的研究,油田化学,1997,14(1):73-76.
[10]郭志东,吴燕飚,黄宏光.化学驱油中浊度法测定HPAM浓度的准确性.油田化学,1999,16(2):167-170.
[11]Waller P R,William A,Bartle K P.The structural nature and solubility of residual oil fraction.Fuel,1989,68:520-526.
[12]徐志成,安静仪等.胜利原油酸性组分的结构与界面活性,石油学报(石油加工),2001,17(6):1-5.
[13]乔建江,詹敏等.乳化原油的破乳机理研究Ⅰ·油水界面张力对破乳破乳效果的影响.石油学报(石油化工),1999,15(2):1-5.
[14]鄢捷年,王富华等.固体微粒对油水体系的乳化稳定作用,油田化学,1995,12(3):191-196.
[15]杨小丽,陆婉珍.有关原油乳状液稳定性的研究,油田化学,1998,15(1):87-96
[16]张荣明,仇念海等.胶质,沥青质对模拟原油乳状液破乳影响的探索性研究,大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(1):55-58.
[17]Eley D D,Hey M J,Lee M A.Rhcological Studies of Asphaltene Films adsorbed at the oil/water Interface.Colloids and Surfances.1987,24:173-182.
[18]李明远,甄鹏等.原油乳状液稳定性研究,石油学报(石油加工),1999,15(5):1-5.
[19]林梅钦,杨红生等.克拉玛依原油中各组分的乳化性质,石油学报(石油加工),2002,18(3):65-69.
[20]吴迪,艾广智等.聚合物驱和三元复合驱采出水流变性和采出液稳定性研究,日用化学品科学,2000,23(增刊1):110-115.
[21]康万利,岳湘安等.聚合物对乳状液及液膜的稳定性,石油学报,1997,18(4):122-125.
[22]马刚,于晓燕.破乳剂在原油脱水中的评价与应用.华北石油设计,2001,65(3):25-27.
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