体育馆分层空调及喷口送风室内环境模拟研究
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摘要
现今人类对室内空调环境质量的要求越来越高。体育馆类高大空间建筑的室内环境控制,因其室内空气分布受到诸多因素的影响,用半经验公式等揭示空气分布规律比较困难,常规设计方法也很难准确分析评价其气流组织。近年来,随着计算机技术的发展和高速计算机的应用,数值求解的功能越来越强,为直接以理论流体力学计算气流组织创造了条件。“计算流体动力学”(Computational Fluid Dynamics)是伴随着计算机的发展而兴起的一门科学,采用CFD可以方便地对大空间建筑内部环境进行模拟分析,预测仿真其中的空气分布详细情况,并直观的得到建筑内部温度、湿度、速度等参数及其可视化效果图,从而指导设计,提高“性能化”设计水平。本文即是利用CFD方法对体育馆建筑气流组织进行数值模拟和分析。
本文的研究对象是西安市某体育馆室内环境,采用了分层空调的送风方式,论文通过正交实验分析得出：影响体育馆类高大空间气流组织的因素(侧送)按其重要性依次为喷口角度、安装高度和喷流射程。通过对它们建立正交实验表,选择典型的九种工况进行模拟分析,根据模拟结果计算得出的ADPI值,分析得到最佳设计方案为：射流射程为31.5m、喷口角度15。、喷口安装高17.5m,最佳方案的模拟结果表明其ADPI值达到86.7%,证明了正交实验的正确性。论文针对该类建筑的特点,模拟了不同上座率(100%、82.5%、70%)情况下室内人员负荷对大空间空调的影响作用,并在传统非等温射流理论的基础上,着重考虑由室内人员散热形成的羽状气流对非等温空调射流的热浮升作用影响,通过模拟得出由室内热源(观众)形成的羽状气流,最大使空调冷气流抬高了将近20～30cm。验证了无分区单排喷口侧送效果不如双排喷口分远近程送风效果好。得出进行分层空调负荷计算时,按照平均上座率值来确定室内人员负荷经济性较好。
Nowadays, the humanity is getting higher and higher in the request of indoor air conditioning environmental quality. Indoor environment control in large-space construction, like Stadium, influences the indoor air distribution on account of a host of factors, it is difficult to reveal air distribution rules and so on semi-rational formula, the regular design method is also too difficult to analyze and appraise its organization of air flow accurately. In recent years, along with the proliferation of the progress of computer technology and application of high-speed computer, the capability to figure out the values is more advanced and efficient, thereby having created the condition for flow organization by the theory hydromechanics computation air directly. Computational Fluid Dynamics is a new science which follows computer's development, it is convenient to construct the simulation analysis on the internal environment to the large space by adopting CFD, forecast further and precise information of the air distribution, and getting the indoor temperature, humidity, speed and visualization effect chart internal parameters and thus instruction the design with direct-viewing, in order to instrument the design and enhance "the performance" the design level. This article carries on the numerical simulation and the analysis using the CFD method to the stadium construction air flow organization.
The object of study in this article is the indoor environment of Xi'an stadium, adopting the blast method of lamination air conditioning, the paper has analyzed through the orthogonal experiment and then obtained:the significant influencing factors of the stadium free-stream organization's factor (side to deliver) according to its importance in turn is the nozzle angle, the mounting height and the jet firing distance. Through establishing the orthogonal experiment table to them, picking nine typical models of operating modes which are carried on the simulation analysis, the ADPI value which is worked out by the analogue result computation, and then the analysis obtains the optimum design plan:The jet flow firing distance is 31.5m, the nozzle angle 15°, the nozzle installs high 17.5m, analogue result of preferred plan indicated that its ADPI value achieved 86.7%, meanwhile which has proven the accuracy of orthogonal experiment. The paper takes consideration of characteristics of building, and the function which is generated by indoor personnel to shoulder to the big spatial air conditioning's influence under the situation of simulating the different booking rate (100%,82.5%,70%) in the situation, and considered emphatically radiated the plumose air current which by the indoor personnel formed to the non-isothermal air conditioning jet flow heat to float rises to affect the influence based on the traditional non-uniform temperature jet flow theory's foundation, obtained the plumose air current which through the simulation (audience) formed by the indoor heat source, the most degree of the air conditioning cooling blast raised near 20-30cm. Confirmed the non-district single line nozzle side to deliver the effect to be inferior to the two-row nozzle minute far short-range blast effect. When computing the lamination air conditioning load, to determine the indoor personnel shoulder according to the average booking rate value is economical.
本文的研究对象是西安市某体育馆室内环境,采用了分层空调的送风方式,论文通过正交实验分析得出：影响体育馆类高大空间气流组织的因素(侧送)按其重要性依次为喷口角度、安装高度和喷流射程。通过对它们建立正交实验表,选择典型的九种工况进行模拟分析,根据模拟结果计算得出的ADPI值,分析得到最佳设计方案为：射流射程为31.5m、喷口角度15。、喷口安装高17.5m,最佳方案的模拟结果表明其ADPI值达到86.7%,证明了正交实验的正确性。论文针对该类建筑的特点,模拟了不同上座率(100%、82.5%、70%)情况下室内人员负荷对大空间空调的影响作用,并在传统非等温射流理论的基础上,着重考虑由室内人员散热形成的羽状气流对非等温空调射流的热浮升作用影响,通过模拟得出由室内热源(观众)形成的羽状气流,最大使空调冷气流抬高了将近20～30cm。验证了无分区单排喷口侧送效果不如双排喷口分远近程送风效果好。得出进行分层空调负荷计算时,按照平均上座率值来确定室内人员负荷经济性较好。
Nowadays, the humanity is getting higher and higher in the request of indoor air conditioning environmental quality. Indoor environment control in large-space construction, like Stadium, influences the indoor air distribution on account of a host of factors, it is difficult to reveal air distribution rules and so on semi-rational formula, the regular design method is also too difficult to analyze and appraise its organization of air flow accurately. In recent years, along with the proliferation of the progress of computer technology and application of high-speed computer, the capability to figure out the values is more advanced and efficient, thereby having created the condition for flow organization by the theory hydromechanics computation air directly. Computational Fluid Dynamics is a new science which follows computer's development, it is convenient to construct the simulation analysis on the internal environment to the large space by adopting CFD, forecast further and precise information of the air distribution, and getting the indoor temperature, humidity, speed and visualization effect chart internal parameters and thus instruction the design with direct-viewing, in order to instrument the design and enhance "the performance" the design level. This article carries on the numerical simulation and the analysis using the CFD method to the stadium construction air flow organization.
The object of study in this article is the indoor environment of Xi'an stadium, adopting the blast method of lamination air conditioning, the paper has analyzed through the orthogonal experiment and then obtained:the significant influencing factors of the stadium free-stream organization's factor (side to deliver) according to its importance in turn is the nozzle angle, the mounting height and the jet firing distance. Through establishing the orthogonal experiment table to them, picking nine typical models of operating modes which are carried on the simulation analysis, the ADPI value which is worked out by the analogue result computation, and then the analysis obtains the optimum design plan:The jet flow firing distance is 31.5m, the nozzle angle 15°, the nozzle installs high 17.5m, analogue result of preferred plan indicated that its ADPI value achieved 86.7%, meanwhile which has proven the accuracy of orthogonal experiment. The paper takes consideration of characteristics of building, and the function which is generated by indoor personnel to shoulder to the big spatial air conditioning's influence under the situation of simulating the different booking rate (100%,82.5%,70%) in the situation, and considered emphatically radiated the plumose air current which by the indoor personnel formed to the non-isothermal air conditioning jet flow heat to float rises to affect the influence based on the traditional non-uniform temperature jet flow theory's foundation, obtained the plumose air current which through the simulation (audience) formed by the indoor heat source, the most degree of the air conditioning cooling blast raised near 20-30cm. Confirmed the non-district single line nozzle side to deliver the effect to be inferior to the two-row nozzle minute far short-range blast effect. When computing the lamination air conditioning load, to determine the indoor personnel shoulder according to the average booking rate value is economical.
引文
[1]马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计[M].第一版.化学工业出版社.2004.4
[2]赵化,徐菱虹副教授.体育馆空调系统不同送回风方式的模拟及比较.华中科技大学硕士论文.2006.11
[3]徐光芬.李惠风教授.赖国海高级工程师.某体育馆气流组织的CFD分析.重庆大学硕士论文.2003.10
[4]马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计[M].第二版.化学工业出版社.2010.1
[5]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社2004.9.
[6]周华,孙为民,徐丽等.My fluent全攻略[J].2005.3.80-85
[7]任露泉.试验优化技术[M].机械工业出版社,1987.
[8]张伟捷,吴金顺,魏一然等.基于正交实验法的建筑冷负荷影响因素分析.暖通空调,2006,36(11)：77～80
[9]董志勇.射流力学[M].第一版.北京科学出版社.2005.
[10]公兵,王向娜.中国体育报[N].第9303,9309期
[11]邓梅花.上座率对CBA职业篮球俱乐部收益影响的研究.商丘职业技术学院学报,2009,44(8)：114-116
[12]隋学敏,官燕玲,李安桂等.内扰因素对室内热分层的影响规律.西安建筑科技大学学报,2008,40(4)：477-483
[13]富宇莹,王昕,黄晨等.羽状流作用下的非等温空调射流运动研究.上海理工大学学报,2008,30(4)：387-391
[14]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册.[M]中国建筑工业出版社,2001.651-652
[15]王海英,连之伟,张兴欣.正交实验法在气流组织实验设计中的应用.青岛建筑工程学院报,2008,25(1)：49-53
[16]顾洁.暖通空调设计与计算方法.[M].化学工业出版社.2008.7.129-134.
[17]建筑设备专业技术措施.[M].北京市建筑设计研究院编.中国建筑工业出版社.
[18]体育建筑设计规范.JGJ31-2003.
[19]ASHRAE HANDBOOK. HVAC Applications 1991
[20]Y. Huo, F. Haghighant, J. S.Zhang, C. Y. Shaw. A systematic approach to describe air terminal device in CFD simulation for room air distribution analysis. Building and Environment,2000 (35),56～60
[21]M. I. Grimitlyn, Dr. Sc, P. E. Fundamentals of optimizing air distribution in ventilated spaces. ASHRAE Trans,1993
[22]杨昌智,刘光大,李念平.暖通空调工程设计方法与系统分析[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2003.6.
[23]空气调节设计手册.[M].第二版.电子工业部第十设计研究院主编.中国建筑工业出版社.
[24]赵荣义,范存养.空气调节[M].第三版.中国建筑工业出版社.174
[25]董雷.碰撞射流通风方式在办公类建筑中应用的探讨.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2006.4.
[26]Stevenson PH. Calculation of the body-surface area of Chinese. Chin J Physiol, Report Series,1928,1:13～24.
[27]Stevenson PH. An additional note on the calculation of the surface area of Chinese, subjects:The technique of measurement and a modified arm constant. Chin J Physiol(中国生理学杂志),1930,3：327-334.
[28]陆元鸿.数理统计方法.[M].华东理工大学出版社.2005.96-97.
[29]何耀东.何青.中央空调.[M].冶金工业出版社.2001.184-190.
[30]赵荣义.钱以明.范存养等.简明空调设计手册.[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1998.372～373.
[31]杨昌智.刘光大.李念平编.暖通空调工程设计方法与系统分析[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2001.7
[32]陆耀庆.暖通空调设计指南.[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1996.5.
[33]赵彬,李先庭,胡斌等.计算流体力学在暖通空调工程中的应用.制冷空调与电力机械,2001,22(4)：10-14
[34]裴锋,何启林,贾群.暖通空调CFD技术应用现状及展望.制冷与空调,2003,3：56-58
[35]李晓冬,高军,许世杰.大空间建筑侧送分层气流组织数值模拟与探讨.建筑热能通风空调,2004,23(2)：64-66
[36]马晓钧,赵彬,李先庭等.体育馆计算上座率的确定及其对空调系统的影响.暖 通空调,2001,31(6)：47-50
[37]龚光彩,梅炽,汤广发.半敞开式大空间建筑空调温度场的数值模拟.应用基础与工程科学学报,1998,6(3)：248-254
[38]谭良才,陈沛霖.高大空间恒温空调气流组织设计方法研究.暖通空调,2002,32(2)：1～4
[39]赵彬,李莹,李先庭等.人民大会堂大礼堂空调气流组织现状的数值模拟分析与改进.建筑热能通风空调,2000,4：5-8
[40]赵彬,李先庭,马晓钧等.体育馆类高大空间的气流组织设计难点及对策.制冷与空调,2002,2(2)：10～14
[41]赵化.体育馆空调系统不同送回风方式的模拟及比较.华中科技大学硕士论文.2006
[42]杨尚一.体育馆不同气流组织方案的比较研究.天津大学硕士论文.2006
[43]许登科.高大空间分层空调气流组织的数值模拟研究.安徽理工大学硕士论文.2006
[2]赵化,徐菱虹副教授.体育馆空调系统不同送回风方式的模拟及比较.华中科技大学硕士论文.2006.11
[3]徐光芬.李惠风教授.赖国海高级工程师.某体育馆气流组织的CFD分析.重庆大学硕士论文.2003.10
[4]马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计[M].第二版.化学工业出版社.2010.1
[5]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社2004.9.
[6]周华,孙为民,徐丽等.My fluent全攻略[J].2005.3.80-85
[7]任露泉.试验优化技术[M].机械工业出版社,1987.
[8]张伟捷,吴金顺,魏一然等.基于正交实验法的建筑冷负荷影响因素分析.暖通空调,2006,36(11)：77～80
[9]董志勇.射流力学[M].第一版.北京科学出版社.2005.
[10]公兵,王向娜.中国体育报[N].第9303,9309期
[11]邓梅花.上座率对CBA职业篮球俱乐部收益影响的研究.商丘职业技术学院学报,2009,44(8)：114-116
[12]隋学敏,官燕玲,李安桂等.内扰因素对室内热分层的影响规律.西安建筑科技大学学报,2008,40(4)：477-483
[13]富宇莹,王昕,黄晨等.羽状流作用下的非等温空调射流运动研究.上海理工大学学报,2008,30(4)：387-391
[14]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册.[M]中国建筑工业出版社,2001.651-652
[15]王海英,连之伟,张兴欣.正交实验法在气流组织实验设计中的应用.青岛建筑工程学院报,2008,25(1)：49-53
[16]顾洁.暖通空调设计与计算方法.[M].化学工业出版社.2008.7.129-134.
[17]建筑设备专业技术措施.[M].北京市建筑设计研究院编.中国建筑工业出版社.
[18]体育建筑设计规范.JGJ31-2003.
[19]ASHRAE HANDBOOK. HVAC Applications 1991
[20]Y. Huo, F. Haghighant, J. S.Zhang, C. Y. Shaw. A systematic approach to describe air terminal device in CFD simulation for room air distribution analysis. Building and Environment,2000 (35),56～60
[21]M. I. Grimitlyn, Dr. Sc, P. E. Fundamentals of optimizing air distribution in ventilated spaces. ASHRAE Trans,1993
[22]杨昌智,刘光大,李念平.暖通空调工程设计方法与系统分析[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2003.6.
[23]空气调节设计手册.[M].第二版.电子工业部第十设计研究院主编.中国建筑工业出版社.
[24]赵荣义,范存养.空气调节[M].第三版.中国建筑工业出版社.174
[25]董雷.碰撞射流通风方式在办公类建筑中应用的探讨.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2006.4.
[26]Stevenson PH. Calculation of the body-surface area of Chinese. Chin J Physiol, Report Series,1928,1:13～24.
[27]Stevenson PH. An additional note on the calculation of the surface area of Chinese, subjects:The technique of measurement and a modified arm constant. Chin J Physiol(中国生理学杂志),1930,3：327-334.
[28]陆元鸿.数理统计方法.[M].华东理工大学出版社.2005.96-97.
[29]何耀东.何青.中央空调.[M].冶金工业出版社.2001.184-190.
[30]赵荣义.钱以明.范存养等.简明空调设计手册.[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1998.372～373.
[31]杨昌智.刘光大.李念平编.暖通空调工程设计方法与系统分析[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2001.7
[32]陆耀庆.暖通空调设计指南.[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1996.5.
[33]赵彬,李先庭,胡斌等.计算流体力学在暖通空调工程中的应用.制冷空调与电力机械,2001,22(4)：10-14
[34]裴锋,何启林,贾群.暖通空调CFD技术应用现状及展望.制冷与空调,2003,3：56-58
[35]李晓冬,高军,许世杰.大空间建筑侧送分层气流组织数值模拟与探讨.建筑热能通风空调,2004,23(2)：64-66
[36]马晓钧,赵彬,李先庭等.体育馆计算上座率的确定及其对空调系统的影响.暖 通空调,2001,31(6)：47-50
[37]龚光彩,梅炽,汤广发.半敞开式大空间建筑空调温度场的数值模拟.应用基础与工程科学学报,1998,6(3)：248-254
[38]谭良才,陈沛霖.高大空间恒温空调气流组织设计方法研究.暖通空调,2002,32(2)：1～4
[39]赵彬,李莹,李先庭等.人民大会堂大礼堂空调气流组织现状的数值模拟分析与改进.建筑热能通风空调,2000,4：5-8
[40]赵彬,李先庭,马晓钧等.体育馆类高大空间的气流组织设计难点及对策.制冷与空调,2002,2(2)：10～14
[41]赵化.体育馆空调系统不同送回风方式的模拟及比较.华中科技大学硕士论文.2006
[42]杨尚一.体育馆不同气流组织方案的比较研究.天津大学硕士论文.2006
[43]许登科.高大空间分层空调气流组织的数值模拟研究.安徽理工大学硕士论文.2006
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