钢结构楼梯的动力性能分析
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摘要
钢结构楼梯作为楼层间的垂直交通工具,是保证建筑物正常使用不可或缺的一部分。因其具有质量轻、便于现场安装和维护等优点,钢楼梯被越来越广泛地应用在工业与民用建筑中。但钢结构楼梯整体刚度不及钢筋混凝土楼梯,在动荷载作用下的动力反应较大,对行人的舒适度影响较大。因此研究钢楼梯在动力荷载作用下的反应机理,了解结构反应最大部位的动力响应具有重要的意义。
本文引用国际上最新发表的试验数据,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立了楼梯结构的三维有限元模型,并对其进行了自振性能和加速度响应分析。重点分析了边界条件、钢板厚度、钢材刚度以及宽跨比对钢楼梯自振性能的影响,同时也分析了以不同行走频率上下楼梯时钢楼梯的加速度响应。最后利用相关规范评价了钢楼梯的振动舒适度,讨论了各相关规范评价舒适度的合理性,并对实际工程提出了相关建议。
Due to light weight, easy field installation and maintenance advantages, the steel staircase was more widely used in industrial and civil buildings. However, the overall stiffness of steel staircase is less than steel reinforced concrete staircase, dynamic response of steel staircase is larger, and the comfort of pedestrian is effected seriously by dynamic response. Therefore, studying the reaction mechanism and dynamic response of steel staircase has great significance.
In this article, according to international recently published experimental data, use finite element software ANSYS to establish a three-dimensional finite modal of staircase structure, and a series of vibration performance and the acceleration response are analyzed, including the boundary conditions, plate thickness, stiffness of the steel and width-span ratio on the natural properties. Finally, the vibration comfort is evaluated using relevant specifications, then reasonable of relevant norms for evaluating vibration comfort are discussed. And relevant suggestions were put forward to practical projects.
本文引用国际上最新发表的试验数据,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立了楼梯结构的三维有限元模型,并对其进行了自振性能和加速度响应分析。重点分析了边界条件、钢板厚度、钢材刚度以及宽跨比对钢楼梯自振性能的影响,同时也分析了以不同行走频率上下楼梯时钢楼梯的加速度响应。最后利用相关规范评价了钢楼梯的振动舒适度,讨论了各相关规范评价舒适度的合理性,并对实际工程提出了相关建议。
Due to light weight, easy field installation and maintenance advantages, the steel staircase was more widely used in industrial and civil buildings. However, the overall stiffness of steel staircase is less than steel reinforced concrete staircase, dynamic response of steel staircase is larger, and the comfort of pedestrian is effected seriously by dynamic response. Therefore, studying the reaction mechanism and dynamic response of steel staircase has great significance.
In this article, according to international recently published experimental data, use finite element software ANSYS to establish a three-dimensional finite modal of staircase structure, and a series of vibration performance and the acceleration response are analyzed, including the boundary conditions, plate thickness, stiffness of the steel and width-span ratio on the natural properties. Finally, the vibration comfort is evaluated using relevant specifications, then reasonable of relevant norms for evaluating vibration comfort are discussed. And relevant suggestions were put forward to practical projects.
引文
[1]程文瀼主编.楼梯、阳台和雨篷设计[M].东南大学出版社,1998.
[2]黄怡,程宏,王元清.多层轻钢房屋楼梯的设计分析[J],钢结构增刊,2002.
[3]武六元,杜高潮.房屋建筑学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[4]Jacobs N.A. Skorecki J.and Charnley J. Analysis of the Vertical Component of Force in Normal and Pathological Gait[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, Vol.5,1972: 11-34
[5]Matsumoto Y. Nishioka T. and Shiojiri H. Dynamic design of footbridges [J]. International Association for Bridge and structural Engineering (IABSE). proceeding 1978:17-28.
[6]Kerr S.C. Bishop N.W.M. Human induced loading on flexible staircases [J]. Engineering Structures, No.23,2001:37-45.
[7]Bishop NWM, Willford M, Pumphrey R. Human induced loading of flexible staircases[J]. Safety Science 1995;261-76.
[8]Bachmann H, Ammann W. Vibrations in structures induced by man and machines[J]. Z"urich (Switzerland):International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering; 1987.
[9]Sang Bum Kim,Young Hak Lee, Andrew Scanlon, Heecheul Kim, Kappyo Hong. Experimental assessment of vibration serviceability of stair systems[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64 (2008) 253-259.
[10]田里,钢结构人行天桥使用性评估[D],武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准,《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB50068-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[12]孙利民,闫兴非.人行桥人行激励振动及设计方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(8)：996-999.
[13]杨宜谦,柯在田.人行天桥的振动控制[J].市政.交通.水利设计.2008,(2)：93-96.
[14]CJJ 69-95城市人行天桥与人行地道技术规范[S].
[15]刘开燕,陈开利.在既有人行天桥栏杆上设置薄型TMD进行减震[J].世界桥梁,2004(1)：69-73.
[16]Wheeler JE:Prediction and control of pedestrian-induced vibration in footbridges [J].Proc.of ASCE,1982,108(9):2045-2065.
[17]Matsumoto Y, Sato S, Nishioka T, shiojiri H. A study on dynamic desigh of pedestrian over-bridges in consideration of characteristics of pedestrians[J]. Proc.of JSCE,1972,(205):63-70.
[18]Leonard D R. Human tolerance levels for bridge vibrations[R]. Report No.34, Harmondsworth:Ministry of Transport Road Research Labortory,1966.
[19]库克R D.有限元分析的概念和应用[M].程耿东,何穷,张国荣,译.2版.北京：科学出版社,1989.
[20]荣元成,王洪军等.有限元法[M].西南交通大学出版社,2006.
[21]R.W.cloughJ.penzien. DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURES [J]. McGraw-Hill Inc.1975.
[22]Hillerborg A. Dynamic influces of smoothy running loads of simply supported griders[J]. Stockholm:Kungl.Tekhn.Hogskolan.1951:1-30.
[23]文坡.金江金沙江斜拉桥动力特性分析[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[24]Michaltsos G, Sophianopoulos D,Kounadis A N. The effect of moving mass and other parameter on the dynamic response of a simply supported beam [J].Journal of sound and Vibration.1996:357-362.
[25]王元丰,J. F. Wha.多跨连续曲线梁在移动荷载下的动力响应[J].土木工程学报.1999.第四期
[26]张亚辉,林家浩.结构动力学基础[M].大连理工大学出版社,2007.
[27]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[28]李人宪.有限单元法基础[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002.
[29]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[30]荣元成,王洪军等.有限元法[M].西南交通大学出版社,2006.
[31]高秀华,张小江等.有限单元法原理及应用简明教程[M].北京：化学工学出版社,2008.
[32]李景涌.有限元法[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,1999.
[33]薛守义.有限单元法[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2005.
[34]于建华等编著.高等结构动力学[M].四川大学出版社,2001.
[35]雷晓燕.有限元法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000.
[36]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析ANSYS使用指南[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[37]刘相新,孟宪颐.ANSYS基础与应用教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[38]阚前华,谭长健等.ANSYS高级应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[39]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[40]陈升平,张茫茫,Tan K H,Hendra S S.钢丝网水泥砂浆加固砌体墙的平面外受力性能[J].武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(1)：83-85.
[41]胡少伟,苗同臣.结构振动理论及其应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[42]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2007.
[43]赵鄂桂.人行桥振动舒适度评价及控制研究综述[J].建材世界.2009(2)：69-71.
[44]ISO2631-2:2003[S].Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration-part2:vibration in building(1Hz to 80Hz). Geneva(Switzerland):International Organization For Standardization:1989.
[45]American Institute of Steel Construction[S]. Floor vibrations due to human activity. AISC; 1997.
[46]British Standard 5400, Brutish Standards Institution(1978). Steel, concrete and composite bridges:Specification for loads[S].
[2]黄怡,程宏,王元清.多层轻钢房屋楼梯的设计分析[J],钢结构增刊,2002.
[3]武六元,杜高潮.房屋建筑学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[4]Jacobs N.A. Skorecki J.and Charnley J. Analysis of the Vertical Component of Force in Normal and Pathological Gait[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, Vol.5,1972: 11-34
[5]Matsumoto Y. Nishioka T. and Shiojiri H. Dynamic design of footbridges [J]. International Association for Bridge and structural Engineering (IABSE). proceeding 1978:17-28.
[6]Kerr S.C. Bishop N.W.M. Human induced loading on flexible staircases [J]. Engineering Structures, No.23,2001:37-45.
[7]Bishop NWM, Willford M, Pumphrey R. Human induced loading of flexible staircases[J]. Safety Science 1995;261-76.
[8]Bachmann H, Ammann W. Vibrations in structures induced by man and machines[J]. Z"urich (Switzerland):International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering; 1987.
[9]Sang Bum Kim,Young Hak Lee, Andrew Scanlon, Heecheul Kim, Kappyo Hong. Experimental assessment of vibration serviceability of stair systems[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64 (2008) 253-259.
[10]田里,钢结构人行天桥使用性评估[D],武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准,《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB50068-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[12]孙利民,闫兴非.人行桥人行激励振动及设计方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(8)：996-999.
[13]杨宜谦,柯在田.人行天桥的振动控制[J].市政.交通.水利设计.2008,(2)：93-96.
[14]CJJ 69-95城市人行天桥与人行地道技术规范[S].
[15]刘开燕,陈开利.在既有人行天桥栏杆上设置薄型TMD进行减震[J].世界桥梁,2004(1)：69-73.
[16]Wheeler JE:Prediction and control of pedestrian-induced vibration in footbridges [J].Proc.of ASCE,1982,108(9):2045-2065.
[17]Matsumoto Y, Sato S, Nishioka T, shiojiri H. A study on dynamic desigh of pedestrian over-bridges in consideration of characteristics of pedestrians[J]. Proc.of JSCE,1972,(205):63-70.
[18]Leonard D R. Human tolerance levels for bridge vibrations[R]. Report No.34, Harmondsworth:Ministry of Transport Road Research Labortory,1966.
[19]库克R D.有限元分析的概念和应用[M].程耿东,何穷,张国荣,译.2版.北京：科学出版社,1989.
[20]荣元成,王洪军等.有限元法[M].西南交通大学出版社,2006.
[21]R.W.cloughJ.penzien. DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURES [J]. McGraw-Hill Inc.1975.
[22]Hillerborg A. Dynamic influces of smoothy running loads of simply supported griders[J]. Stockholm:Kungl.Tekhn.Hogskolan.1951:1-30.
[23]文坡.金江金沙江斜拉桥动力特性分析[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[24]Michaltsos G, Sophianopoulos D,Kounadis A N. The effect of moving mass and other parameter on the dynamic response of a simply supported beam [J].Journal of sound and Vibration.1996:357-362.
[25]王元丰,J. F. Wha.多跨连续曲线梁在移动荷载下的动力响应[J].土木工程学报.1999.第四期
[26]张亚辉,林家浩.结构动力学基础[M].大连理工大学出版社,2007.
[27]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[28]李人宪.有限单元法基础[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002.
[29]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[30]荣元成,王洪军等.有限元法[M].西南交通大学出版社,2006.
[31]高秀华,张小江等.有限单元法原理及应用简明教程[M].北京：化学工学出版社,2008.
[32]李景涌.有限元法[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,1999.
[33]薛守义.有限单元法[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2005.
[34]于建华等编著.高等结构动力学[M].四川大学出版社,2001.
[35]雷晓燕.有限元法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000.
[36]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析ANSYS使用指南[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[37]刘相新,孟宪颐.ANSYS基础与应用教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[38]阚前华,谭长健等.ANSYS高级应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[39]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[40]陈升平,张茫茫,Tan K H,Hendra S S.钢丝网水泥砂浆加固砌体墙的平面外受力性能[J].武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(1)：83-85.
[41]胡少伟,苗同臣.结构振动理论及其应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[42]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2007.
[43]赵鄂桂.人行桥振动舒适度评价及控制研究综述[J].建材世界.2009(2)：69-71.
[44]ISO2631-2:2003[S].Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration-part2:vibration in building(1Hz to 80Hz). Geneva(Switzerland):International Organization For Standardization:1989.
[45]American Institute of Steel Construction[S]. Floor vibrations due to human activity. AISC; 1997.
[46]British Standard 5400, Brutish Standards Institution(1978). Steel, concrete and composite bridges:Specification for loads[S].
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