动态法涂层材料弹性模量温度特性实验研究
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摘要
涂层具有防腐、耐磨等优点而被广泛应用于工业生产。涂层的力学性能对设备的安全运行将产生重大的影响,因此研究涂层的力学性能显得尤为重要,而涂层弹性模量是进行应力应变分析必不可少的参数。为了准确方便的获得其弹性模量,本文开发了适合不同温度条件下动态法涂层弹性模量的测试装置。
本文比较分析了目前国内外常用的涂层弹性模量的测试方法。提出了基于动态法的涂层弹性模量测试方法,推导出含涂层试件、基体、涂层三者弹性模量与共振频率之间的数学模型关系。
完成了动态法的实验平台设计。包括选取换能器和悬丝、热处理加热炉等器件；设计制作动态法实验台架；设计与制备含涂层的复合杆试件。
在实验平台搭建的基础上,为了求得涂层弹性模量,建立了含涂层试件的共振频率测试系统,其分为激振部分和拾振部分。经VB软件编程设计、UA355型D／A、功率放大器的激励各环节,实现脉冲作为系统的激励信号。经拾振信号调理电路设计,通用数据采集器UA301采集、基于LabVIEW软件的信号分析的拾振各环节,实现了试件共振频率获取的目的。
选用高温合金矩形截面杆为基体、等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷为涂层的复合试件为实例,完成对含涂层复合试件共振频率的测量,获取试件的涂层弹性模量,并进行了弹性模量随温度变化规律的分析。
The coating is widely used in industrial productions due to its anticorrosion and wear-resistant capability. The mechanical property of the coating has a strong impact on the safe operation of equipment, therefore, the mechanical property of the coating is very important and the Elastic modulus of the coating is essential for the analysis of stress and strain. In order to obtain its Elastic modulus accurately and comfortably, a testing device of the coating Elastic modulus is developed in this thesis by dynamic method which can work at different temperatures.
Conventional testing methods of Elastic modulus of the coating are analyzed and then a method of hanging coupling resonance of the coating Elastic modulus is proposed in this thesis.The relationship between the Elastic modulus of the composite coating specimen, the base, the coating and the resonance frequency is derived.
The testing system platform of the dynamic method is set up, which includes choice of the transducer, hanging wire and furnace, design and fabrication of testing platform, and composite specimen with coating.
In order to obtain the resonant frequency of the specimen, and then obtain the Elastic modulus, the testing system is established which is divided into two parts:excitation and incentive pick-up. The pulse as excitation signal of the system is achieved via a VB software programming, UA355 D/A, amplifier. The resonant frequency of the specimen is acquired via the design of pick-up signal processing circuit, DAQ UA301, signal analysis based on LabVIEW software.
Taking typical samples with a rectangular section of high temperature alloy and aplasma spraying ceramic coating of Al2O3, the resonant frequency of composite coating specimen is measured by the testing system platform. With the help of the theoretical model, the coating's Elastic modulus is calculated with the VB software.
本文比较分析了目前国内外常用的涂层弹性模量的测试方法。提出了基于动态法的涂层弹性模量测试方法,推导出含涂层试件、基体、涂层三者弹性模量与共振频率之间的数学模型关系。
完成了动态法的实验平台设计。包括选取换能器和悬丝、热处理加热炉等器件；设计制作动态法实验台架；设计与制备含涂层的复合杆试件。
在实验平台搭建的基础上,为了求得涂层弹性模量,建立了含涂层试件的共振频率测试系统,其分为激振部分和拾振部分。经VB软件编程设计、UA355型D／A、功率放大器的激励各环节,实现脉冲作为系统的激励信号。经拾振信号调理电路设计,通用数据采集器UA301采集、基于LabVIEW软件的信号分析的拾振各环节,实现了试件共振频率获取的目的。
选用高温合金矩形截面杆为基体、等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷为涂层的复合试件为实例,完成对含涂层复合试件共振频率的测量,获取试件的涂层弹性模量,并进行了弹性模量随温度变化规律的分析。
The coating is widely used in industrial productions due to its anticorrosion and wear-resistant capability. The mechanical property of the coating has a strong impact on the safe operation of equipment, therefore, the mechanical property of the coating is very important and the Elastic modulus of the coating is essential for the analysis of stress and strain. In order to obtain its Elastic modulus accurately and comfortably, a testing device of the coating Elastic modulus is developed in this thesis by dynamic method which can work at different temperatures.
Conventional testing methods of Elastic modulus of the coating are analyzed and then a method of hanging coupling resonance of the coating Elastic modulus is proposed in this thesis.The relationship between the Elastic modulus of the composite coating specimen, the base, the coating and the resonance frequency is derived.
The testing system platform of the dynamic method is set up, which includes choice of the transducer, hanging wire and furnace, design and fabrication of testing platform, and composite specimen with coating.
In order to obtain the resonant frequency of the specimen, and then obtain the Elastic modulus, the testing system is established which is divided into two parts:excitation and incentive pick-up. The pulse as excitation signal of the system is achieved via a VB software programming, UA355 D/A, amplifier. The resonant frequency of the specimen is acquired via the design of pick-up signal processing circuit, DAQ UA301, signal analysis based on LabVIEW software.
Taking typical samples with a rectangular section of high temperature alloy and aplasma spraying ceramic coating of Al2O3, the resonant frequency of composite coating specimen is measured by the testing system platform. With the help of the theoretical model, the coating's Elastic modulus is calculated with the VB software.
引文
[1]徐滨士.纳米表面工程.第-版.北京.化学工业出版社.2004：1～2.
[2]于秦.涂层材料标准试验场的开发[D]：上海交通大学图书馆.上海交通大学.2006.2.
[3]李鹤林.石油管工程[M].北京：石油工业出版社.1999.
[4]李鹤林.石油管工程的研究领域、初步成果鹤展望[A].中国石油天然气集团公司院士文集.北京：石油工业出版社.1999.
[5]Jeremiah Emeka Mbamalu,Frederick Oba Edeko,Issues and Challenges of Aging Pipeline Coating Infrastructure in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Industry[J].Corrosion 2004,paper No.04178.
[6]程应科,张建军,徐连勇.涂层弹性模量的测量方法.中国科技论文在线.2008,3(4)：293.
[7]刘刘.热障涂层界面断裂裂纹参数与应力分析研究[D]．北京：北京航空航天大学.2001.
[8]李昕等.弹性与非弹性的测量和应用[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社,1999.
[9]陈隆庆,赵明皞,张统一.薄膜的力学测试技术[J].机械强度,2001,23(4)：413～429.
[10]weihs T P,Hong S,Bravman J C et al J master Res[J],1988,3(5):931.
[11]Komai K,Minoshima K,Inoue S. Microsystem Technologies[J],1998,5:30.
[12]Ding J N,Meng Y G,Wen S Z.Materals Science and Engineering[J],2001,B83:42.
[13]Heizelmann M, petzold M, Computational Materials Scinece[J],1994,3:169.
[14]Hardwick D A.The mechanical properties of thin films:a review[J].Thin Solid Films, 154(1987):109-124.
[15]Chiu C C, Case E D. Elastic modulus determination of coating layers as applied to layered ceramic composites[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A:Structural Materials:Properties, Microstructure and Processing,1991, A132 (1-2):39-47.
[16]鞠新华,任凤章等.鼓泡法测量高分子和金属薄膜弹性模量的方法讨论[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2003,32(4).
[17]Clyne T W,Withers P J.An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites[M].Cambridge University Press,1993.
[18]Dieter S,Bernd S.Elastic modulus:a suitable quantity for characterization of thin films[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1998,98(1/3):962-970.
[19]Tabor D,Indentation hardness:fifty years on personal view,Physical Magazine A,1996, 74(5):1207-1212.
[20]GB／T2105-91金属材料杨氏模量、切变模量及泊松比测量方法(动力学法)[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1992.
[21]李昕等.弹性与非弹性的测量和应用.北京：冶金工业出版社,1999.
[22]ASTM C623-92(2000).Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus,Shear Modulus,and Poisson's Radio for Glass andGalss-Ceramics by Resonance. Active Test Method 1/1/2000; Year:92(2000).
[23]胡跃辉,彭庶修,王艳香.用悬丝耦合法测陶瓷样品动态杨氏模量的实验.中国陶瓷.1999.35(6)：19.
[24]唐照千等.振动与冲击手册(第一卷)[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988：70-77.
[25]中国金属学会,中国有色金属学会.金属物理性能及测试方法[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1987：60,73～117.
[26]胡跃辉,胡鸿豪,周小明,陈光华.用弯曲模型推导二组元复合材料杨氏模量新公式.陶瓷学报.2002,23(4)：226.
[27]成大先.机械设计手册(第二卷)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007.11：5-84～5-149.
[28]华南工学院,天津大学合编.压电陶瓷.北京：国防工业出版社,1980.
[29]潘人培,赵平华.悬丝耦合弯曲共振法测定金属材料杨氏模量.物理实验.2000：20(9)：5～9.
[30]中国航空材料手册编辑委员会.中国航空材料手册(第二卷)[M].第二版.北京：中国标准出版社.2002.261.
[31]李国英.表面工程手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.1.
[32]徐滨士,刘世参.表面工程.北京：机械工业出版社,2000.6.
[33]袁宏杰,李传日,殷雪岩等.正弦振动控制技术的研究[J].电气自动化,2001.2：25～27.
[34]齐华.单轴多点激励正弦振动控制算法研究及其实现[D].北京：北京航空航天大学,2001.
[35]LMS,Inc. Sine Vibation Control Manual[M]. Belgium:LMS International,2002.
[36]Niu Baoliang,Yan Xia. A FFT-based variety sampling-rate sine sweep vibration controller[A].IEEE Int.Cinf. Meural Networks & Signal Processing[C], Nanjing, China, 2003:14～17.
[37]UA355USB接口全功能D／A使用说明[Z].北京优采测控有限公司.
[38]SD1492功率放大器使用说明书[Z].北戴河实用电子技术研究所.
[39]张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.2.
[40]UA301型A／D采集器使用说明[Z].北京优采测控有限公司.
[41]秦树人,张思复,唐宝平等.集成测试技术与虚拟式仪器.中国机械工程,1999：10(1)：77～80.
[42]周求湛,钱志鸿,刘萍萍,戴洪亮.虚拟仪器与LabVIEW7Express程序设计[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[43]曹树谦,张文德,萧龙翔.振动结构模态分析——理论、实验与应用[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2001.
[44]Oppenheim A V,Schafer R.Discrete-Time Signal Processing.Englewood Cliffs,NJ: Prentice-Hall,1989.
[45]李学生,戴波.基于DLL的Lab VIEW的数据采集系统.北京石油化工学报.2005.13(2)：24～26.
[46]周蓓霞,李巴津,薛智刚.通用数据采集器与Lab VIEW接口驱动设计.内蒙古石油化工.2006.3：5～6.
[47]邓焱,王磊LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器[M].北京：机械工业出版社.
[48]陈锡辉,张银鸿LabVIEW8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[49]郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000：112～116.
[50]胡广书.数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[51]谭一云,于虹等.温度对硅纳米薄膜杨氏模量的影响.电子器件.2007.6.30(3)：755～758.
[52]张长瑞等.陶瓷基符合材料——原理、工艺、性能与设计[M].国防科技大学出版社,2001.106～107.
[53]辜萍,陈健等.含有序孔洞的多孔氧化铝薄膜的弹性模量测量.实验力学.2007.8.22(3)：440～445.
[54]陈健,辜萍等.含有序孔洞的多孔氧化铝薄膜的力学性能测量和数值模拟.实验力学.2006.4.21(2)：151～156.
[55]柳兆涛,李凯等.氧化铝多孔膜振动性能的实验研究.实验力学.2005.9.20(3)：370～374.
[56]凌祥.应用悬丝耦合共振法测定25Cr20Ni合金的蠕变损伤.理化检验一物理分册.1997.33(2)：17～20.
[2]于秦.涂层材料标准试验场的开发[D]：上海交通大学图书馆.上海交通大学.2006.2.
[3]李鹤林.石油管工程[M].北京：石油工业出版社.1999.
[4]李鹤林.石油管工程的研究领域、初步成果鹤展望[A].中国石油天然气集团公司院士文集.北京：石油工业出版社.1999.
[5]Jeremiah Emeka Mbamalu,Frederick Oba Edeko,Issues and Challenges of Aging Pipeline Coating Infrastructure in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Industry[J].Corrosion 2004,paper No.04178.
[6]程应科,张建军,徐连勇.涂层弹性模量的测量方法.中国科技论文在线.2008,3(4)：293.
[7]刘刘.热障涂层界面断裂裂纹参数与应力分析研究[D]．北京：北京航空航天大学.2001.
[8]李昕等.弹性与非弹性的测量和应用[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社,1999.
[9]陈隆庆,赵明皞,张统一.薄膜的力学测试技术[J].机械强度,2001,23(4)：413～429.
[10]weihs T P,Hong S,Bravman J C et al J master Res[J],1988,3(5):931.
[11]Komai K,Minoshima K,Inoue S. Microsystem Technologies[J],1998,5:30.
[12]Ding J N,Meng Y G,Wen S Z.Materals Science and Engineering[J],2001,B83:42.
[13]Heizelmann M, petzold M, Computational Materials Scinece[J],1994,3:169.
[14]Hardwick D A.The mechanical properties of thin films:a review[J].Thin Solid Films, 154(1987):109-124.
[15]Chiu C C, Case E D. Elastic modulus determination of coating layers as applied to layered ceramic composites[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A:Structural Materials:Properties, Microstructure and Processing,1991, A132 (1-2):39-47.
[16]鞠新华,任凤章等.鼓泡法测量高分子和金属薄膜弹性模量的方法讨论[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2003,32(4).
[17]Clyne T W,Withers P J.An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites[M].Cambridge University Press,1993.
[18]Dieter S,Bernd S.Elastic modulus:a suitable quantity for characterization of thin films[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1998,98(1/3):962-970.
[19]Tabor D,Indentation hardness:fifty years on personal view,Physical Magazine A,1996, 74(5):1207-1212.
[20]GB／T2105-91金属材料杨氏模量、切变模量及泊松比测量方法(动力学法)[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1992.
[21]李昕等.弹性与非弹性的测量和应用.北京：冶金工业出版社,1999.
[22]ASTM C623-92(2000).Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus,Shear Modulus,and Poisson's Radio for Glass andGalss-Ceramics by Resonance. Active Test Method 1/1/2000; Year:92(2000).
[23]胡跃辉,彭庶修,王艳香.用悬丝耦合法测陶瓷样品动态杨氏模量的实验.中国陶瓷.1999.35(6)：19.
[24]唐照千等.振动与冲击手册(第一卷)[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988：70-77.
[25]中国金属学会,中国有色金属学会.金属物理性能及测试方法[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1987：60,73～117.
[26]胡跃辉,胡鸿豪,周小明,陈光华.用弯曲模型推导二组元复合材料杨氏模量新公式.陶瓷学报.2002,23(4)：226.
[27]成大先.机械设计手册(第二卷)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007.11：5-84～5-149.
[28]华南工学院,天津大学合编.压电陶瓷.北京：国防工业出版社,1980.
[29]潘人培,赵平华.悬丝耦合弯曲共振法测定金属材料杨氏模量.物理实验.2000：20(9)：5～9.
[30]中国航空材料手册编辑委员会.中国航空材料手册(第二卷)[M].第二版.北京：中国标准出版社.2002.261.
[31]李国英.表面工程手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.1.
[32]徐滨士,刘世参.表面工程.北京：机械工业出版社,2000.6.
[33]袁宏杰,李传日,殷雪岩等.正弦振动控制技术的研究[J].电气自动化,2001.2：25～27.
[34]齐华.单轴多点激励正弦振动控制算法研究及其实现[D].北京：北京航空航天大学,2001.
[35]LMS,Inc. Sine Vibation Control Manual[M]. Belgium:LMS International,2002.
[36]Niu Baoliang,Yan Xia. A FFT-based variety sampling-rate sine sweep vibration controller[A].IEEE Int.Cinf. Meural Networks & Signal Processing[C], Nanjing, China, 2003:14～17.
[37]UA355USB接口全功能D／A使用说明[Z].北京优采测控有限公司.
[38]SD1492功率放大器使用说明书[Z].北戴河实用电子技术研究所.
[39]张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.2.
[40]UA301型A／D采集器使用说明[Z].北京优采测控有限公司.
[41]秦树人,张思复,唐宝平等.集成测试技术与虚拟式仪器.中国机械工程,1999：10(1)：77～80.
[42]周求湛,钱志鸿,刘萍萍,戴洪亮.虚拟仪器与LabVIEW7Express程序设计[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[43]曹树谦,张文德,萧龙翔.振动结构模态分析——理论、实验与应用[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2001.
[44]Oppenheim A V,Schafer R.Discrete-Time Signal Processing.Englewood Cliffs,NJ: Prentice-Hall,1989.
[45]李学生,戴波.基于DLL的Lab VIEW的数据采集系统.北京石油化工学报.2005.13(2)：24～26.
[46]周蓓霞,李巴津,薛智刚.通用数据采集器与Lab VIEW接口驱动设计.内蒙古石油化工.2006.3：5～6.
[47]邓焱,王磊LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器[M].北京：机械工业出版社.
[48]陈锡辉,张银鸿LabVIEW8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[49]郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000：112～116.
[50]胡广书.数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[51]谭一云,于虹等.温度对硅纳米薄膜杨氏模量的影响.电子器件.2007.6.30(3)：755～758.
[52]张长瑞等.陶瓷基符合材料——原理、工艺、性能与设计[M].国防科技大学出版社,2001.106～107.
[53]辜萍,陈健等.含有序孔洞的多孔氧化铝薄膜的弹性模量测量.实验力学.2007.8.22(3)：440～445.
[54]陈健,辜萍等.含有序孔洞的多孔氧化铝薄膜的力学性能测量和数值模拟.实验力学.2006.4.21(2)：151～156.
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