外啮合余弦齿轮泵的特性研究
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摘要
齿轮泵具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、自吸性能强、工作可靠、制造维护方便、价格便宜等优点。随着齿轮泵在高温、高压、大排量、低流量脉动、低噪音等方面发展及应用,对齿轮泵的特性研究及提高齿轮泵的安全和效率已成为各国深入研究的课题。本文运用理论分析和数值仿真,探讨了外啮合余弦齿轮泵的主要特性,为齿轮泵理论技术的发展和推广应用奠定了基础。
首先利用“扫过面积法”推导了外啮合余弦齿轮泵的瞬时流量表达式,重点研究了余弦齿轮泵的排量、平均流量、流量不均匀系数及流量脉动频率等基本特性,运用余弦齿轮泵困油容积的计算式,分析了困油对流量特性的影响。随后讨论了外啮合余弦齿轮泵的沿齿轮圆周液体压力方向和沿齿轮啮合方向所产生的径向力的受力情况,在此基础上分析了径向力的合成,探讨了减小齿轮泵径向力的几种措施。最后利用两平行圆盘(或平板)间隙流动理论以及牛顿摩擦定律,得出了余弦齿轮泵的几种主要的泄漏及粘性摩擦损失的表达式,确定了齿轮泵损失功率最小时的最佳间隙。
运用Pro/E和Matlab软件,重点对余弦齿轮泵的流量及其脉动情况、困油容积的变化等进行了数值仿真。结果表明,与同参数的渐开线齿轮泵相比,余弦齿轮泵的流量脉动要明显优于渐开线齿轮泵,而且具有流量大、困油容积小及困油时间短等特点。
通过线切割加工方法,研制出了余弦齿轮泵,并进行了空载压力下初步的跑合、泄漏和吸油试验,为完善余弦齿轮泵的设计和推广应用奠定了良好基础。
Gear pump has an advantage of single structure, small volume, light weight, strong adsorbing, reliable work conditions, convenient manufacturing and repair and favourable price and so on. With the development and application of gear pump in high temperature, high pressure, large displacement, low flow pulsation and low yawp. It is necessary for us to study the characteristics and improve safety and efficiency of gear pump. Based on the theory and numerical simulation, the characteristics of a novel external cosine gear pump are discussed. It is very important to develop the theory and application of gear pump.
First, the momentary flow rate of external cosine gear pump is deduced by "ways of sweeping area" and the displacement, average flow rate, coefficient of flow rate, frequency of flow pulsation are mainly analyzed for cosine gear pump. Based on the trapping theory of external involute gear pump, expression of trapping volume is deduced and the influence of trapping on flow rate is also analyzed. Senondly, the radial force along gear circle and gear meshing is discussed. On this condition, the compound of the radial force and the measures of minishing radial force are analyzed. At last, based on theory of flow in clearance between two parallel flat and Newton friction law, volumetric leakage and mechanism loss of gear pump are deduced. The range of optimal clearance is confirmed.
Compared with involute gear pump of the same parameters, the basic characteristic of cosine gear pump is simulated with Pro/E and Matlab software and some valuable conclusions who is a characteristic of small flow pulsation ,big flow rate, small trapping volume and short trapping time are given.
The cosine gear pump are processed by wire cutting. At last, a test for running, leakage, and sucking oil is done and analyzed for cosine gear pump. It is very important to perfect the design and application of cosine gear pump.
首先利用“扫过面积法”推导了外啮合余弦齿轮泵的瞬时流量表达式,重点研究了余弦齿轮泵的排量、平均流量、流量不均匀系数及流量脉动频率等基本特性,运用余弦齿轮泵困油容积的计算式,分析了困油对流量特性的影响。随后讨论了外啮合余弦齿轮泵的沿齿轮圆周液体压力方向和沿齿轮啮合方向所产生的径向力的受力情况,在此基础上分析了径向力的合成,探讨了减小齿轮泵径向力的几种措施。最后利用两平行圆盘(或平板)间隙流动理论以及牛顿摩擦定律,得出了余弦齿轮泵的几种主要的泄漏及粘性摩擦损失的表达式,确定了齿轮泵损失功率最小时的最佳间隙。
运用Pro/E和Matlab软件,重点对余弦齿轮泵的流量及其脉动情况、困油容积的变化等进行了数值仿真。结果表明,与同参数的渐开线齿轮泵相比,余弦齿轮泵的流量脉动要明显优于渐开线齿轮泵,而且具有流量大、困油容积小及困油时间短等特点。
通过线切割加工方法,研制出了余弦齿轮泵,并进行了空载压力下初步的跑合、泄漏和吸油试验,为完善余弦齿轮泵的设计和推广应用奠定了良好基础。
Gear pump has an advantage of single structure, small volume, light weight, strong adsorbing, reliable work conditions, convenient manufacturing and repair and favourable price and so on. With the development and application of gear pump in high temperature, high pressure, large displacement, low flow pulsation and low yawp. It is necessary for us to study the characteristics and improve safety and efficiency of gear pump. Based on the theory and numerical simulation, the characteristics of a novel external cosine gear pump are discussed. It is very important to develop the theory and application of gear pump.
First, the momentary flow rate of external cosine gear pump is deduced by "ways of sweeping area" and the displacement, average flow rate, coefficient of flow rate, frequency of flow pulsation are mainly analyzed for cosine gear pump. Based on the trapping theory of external involute gear pump, expression of trapping volume is deduced and the influence of trapping on flow rate is also analyzed. Senondly, the radial force along gear circle and gear meshing is discussed. On this condition, the compound of the radial force and the measures of minishing radial force are analyzed. At last, based on theory of flow in clearance between two parallel flat and Newton friction law, volumetric leakage and mechanism loss of gear pump are deduced. The range of optimal clearance is confirmed.
Compared with involute gear pump of the same parameters, the basic characteristic of cosine gear pump is simulated with Pro/E and Matlab software and some valuable conclusions who is a characteristic of small flow pulsation ,big flow rate, small trapping volume and short trapping time are given.
The cosine gear pump are processed by wire cutting. At last, a test for running, leakage, and sucking oil is done and analyzed for cosine gear pump. It is very important to perfect the design and application of cosine gear pump.
引文
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[4]Luo Shanming,Wu Yue,Wang Jian.The Generation Principle and Mathematical Models of a Novel Gear Drive[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2008,43(6):In Press.
[5]罗善明,王建,余以道,等.余弦齿轮传动机构[P].中国:200710034766.1,2007.
[6]尤金.齿轮泵.北京:机械工业出版社[M]。1960.
[7]Suresh B.Kasaragadda.The theoretical flow ripple of an external gear pump[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement,and Control.2003,125(3):396-404.
[8]何存兴.液压元件[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981:24-38.
[9]祝海林,一种高粘度复合齿轮泵[J].石油化工高等学校学报.2004,17(1):58-61.
[10]丁万荣,张世忠.BCB—B型变量齿轮泵研制.机床与液压[J].1998,(1):43-45.
[11]K Nagamura,K Ikejoand F G Tutulan.Design and performance of gear pamps with a non-involute tooth profile[J].IMechE,Journal of Engineering Manufacture,2004,218(B7):699-711
[12]崔建昆,秦山,闻斌.直线共轭内啮合齿轮副啮合特性分析[J].机械传动,2004,28(6):12-15.
[13]叶仲和,陈传铭,陈瑞良等.外圆弧及其包络线齿形的楔块式内啮合齿轮泵的齿廓方程及性能分析[J].液压与气动,2004,(3):43-46.
[14]徐学忠.异型齿廓内啮合摆线齿轮泵的研究[J].制造技术与机床,2004,(12):101-104.
[15]江波,李云玲,徐世明等.聚合物熔体齿轮泵的研究[J].塑料工业,2001,29(4):18-21.
[16]Y.INAGUMA.Calculation of Theoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump[J].Koyo Engineering Journal,2006,163(1001):70-76.
[17]Li Hongwei,Wang Aiping.Research on Tooth Shape Designing of Internal Gear Pumps[C].International Conference on Fluid Power Transmission and Control(ICFP' 2005).Hangzhou(CN):Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Fluid Power Transmission and Control,2005:854-858.
[18]马昌,高常识,韩桂华。等.泵的流量脉动率对比测试[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,1999,4(1):53-55.
[19]O.Skibba,O.Thoma.Economic Benefits and Process Advantages of Using a Gear Pump in Combination With a Transfarmix Extruder[J].Kautschuk + Gummi,Kunststoffe,2002,(6):288-292.
[20]Uphus,R.A new pump for rubber extrusion[J].Rubber World,2002,226(3):25-29.
[21]Netik,L.Focus on gear pumps[J].World Pumps,1998,(387):36-42
[22]Ryazantsev,V.M.,and Plyasov,V.V.Comparison of the characteristics of high-head three-screw and gear pumps[J].Chemical and Petroleam Engineering,2002,38(9-10):605-609.
[23]齿轮手册编委会.齿轮手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[24]张妙龄,潘正广.新型内啮合摆线齿轮泵的研制[J].流体机械,1997,25(10):19-23.
[25]孟继安,牛继舜,舒从富,等.多齿差摆线齿轮内转子齿廓圆弧拟合及误差[J].机械工艺师,1994,(10):5-7.
[26]侯东海等.少齿差摆线齿轮泵啮合原理及几何参数选择[J].机械传动,1995,19(3):24-27.
[27]赵亮,任喜岩,王冬屏.斜齿齿轮泵流量输出特性分析[J].机械工程学报,1999,35(5):94-97.
[28]JAMS,M.MCKELVEY.Performance of Gear Pumps in Polymer Processing.Polymer Engineering and Science. 1984,24(6):398-402.
[29]胡宁双,葛思华,吴序堂,等.一种新型齿轮泵的研制及其性能改善[J].西安交通大学学报,1990,24(3):79-86.
[30]苏春.液压系统中噪声的控制[J].液压与气动,2001,(2):39-40.
[31]侯波,栾振辉.复合式外齿轮泵流量特性的理论分析[J].华中科技大学学报,2001,29(12):18-20.
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