从翻译美学看抒情散文英译
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摘要
散文是一种自由的文体,在各种文体中散文的界定较为模糊。广义的散文是指与诗歌相对立的文体,狭义的散文是指与诗歌、小说、戏剧相并列的文体。本文借用狭义散文的概念,并将研究对象缩小至抒情散文。作为散文的一种,抒情散文情感充沛真实、语言形象生动、音韵和谐动听、意境深远悠长。抒情散文的这些审美特征要求译者从美学角度予以翻译。自古以来中国传统译论蕴含着丰富的美学思想,而且直至今日翻译美学理论仍然受到一些学者、译者的广泛关注,这些都使我们更加清晰地看到翻译美学理论在翻译实践中的必要性和重要性。
从翻译审美客体的角度看,抒情散文的美感集中体现在其形式系统和非形式系统,即微观层面与宏观层面。无疑,实现这两个层面的双赢是抒情散文翻译的理想境地。然而翻译审美客体美感特质的再现始终离不开翻译审美主体审美功能的发挥,因而有必要了解翻译审美主体的审美认知过程和译者审美素养,从而有助于抒情散文美感的再现。
本文拟以刘宓庆的翻译美学理论为基本框架,以抒情散文为研究对象,论证翻译美学理论运用于抒情散文翻译的必要性;同时结合许渊冲翻译美学理论评析抒情散文英译本、探讨翻译美学理论的应用。在此基础上得出结论——为更好地翻译抒情散文,翻译美学理论应当始终贯穿于抒情散文翻译的各个层面:译者应以美感作为翻译的关照,适当运用许渊冲翻译美学理论,再现审美客体的美感特质;就审美主体而言,译者应该了解审美认知过程并有意识地培养自己的审美素养,以期提高抒情散文翻译的质量。
Since prose is a very flexible literary genre,its definition leaves a lot of room for discussion.Prose,in a broad sense,refers to any literary writing with the exception of poetry while in a narrow sense,it means literary arts as opposed to poetry,fiction and drama.The present thesis reduces the scope of the research to the lyric prose.As one type of prose,lyric prose features sincere feelings,vivid images,harmonious sounds,and profound artistic conception.To translate lyric prose,translators are required to deal with it from the perspective of aesthetics.Besides,Chinese traditional translation theory has been rich in aesthetic philosophy since ancient times and wide attention to translation aesthetics from scholars and translators has been paid in recent years,making the application of translation aesthetics necessary and feasible.
From the perspective of translation aesthetic objects(TAO),the aesthetic flavor of lyric prose is mainly embodied in its formal system and non-formal system,i.e.the micro and macro levels.An ideal lyric prose translation,with no doubt,is to successfully render meaning and aesthetic flavor at both levels.However,the representation of aesthetic flavor can only be gained through the participation of translation aesthetic subjects(TAS); therefore it is necessary to know the aesthetic cognitive processes of translators well and foster their aesthetic qualifications so as to better represent the aesthetic flavor in the rendition of lyric prose.
This paper,with Liu Miqing's translation aesthetics as its theoretical framework and lyric prose as its research object,intends to expound and prove the necessity of translation aesthetics for lyric prose translation and to discuss its application by evaluating and analyzing the E-C lyric prose renditions using Xu Yuanchong's translation aesthetic theories as its theoretical basis.The paper concludes with certainty that translation aesthetics should permeate all facets of lyric prose translation.Translators are supposed to take aesthetic flavor into consideration and to appropriately employ Xu Yuanchong's translation aesthetic theories so as to represent aesthetic flavor intended in the original lyric prose.Moreover,translators are expected to fully understand the aesthetic cognitive processes in translation and consciously foster their own aesthetic qualifications,with the hope that lyric prose translation might be substantially improved.
从翻译审美客体的角度看,抒情散文的美感集中体现在其形式系统和非形式系统,即微观层面与宏观层面。无疑,实现这两个层面的双赢是抒情散文翻译的理想境地。然而翻译审美客体美感特质的再现始终离不开翻译审美主体审美功能的发挥,因而有必要了解翻译审美主体的审美认知过程和译者审美素养,从而有助于抒情散文美感的再现。
本文拟以刘宓庆的翻译美学理论为基本框架,以抒情散文为研究对象,论证翻译美学理论运用于抒情散文翻译的必要性;同时结合许渊冲翻译美学理论评析抒情散文英译本、探讨翻译美学理论的应用。在此基础上得出结论——为更好地翻译抒情散文,翻译美学理论应当始终贯穿于抒情散文翻译的各个层面:译者应以美感作为翻译的关照,适当运用许渊冲翻译美学理论,再现审美客体的美感特质;就审美主体而言,译者应该了解审美认知过程并有意识地培养自己的审美素养,以期提高抒情散文翻译的质量。
Since prose is a very flexible literary genre,its definition leaves a lot of room for discussion.Prose,in a broad sense,refers to any literary writing with the exception of poetry while in a narrow sense,it means literary arts as opposed to poetry,fiction and drama.The present thesis reduces the scope of the research to the lyric prose.As one type of prose,lyric prose features sincere feelings,vivid images,harmonious sounds,and profound artistic conception.To translate lyric prose,translators are required to deal with it from the perspective of aesthetics.Besides,Chinese traditional translation theory has been rich in aesthetic philosophy since ancient times and wide attention to translation aesthetics from scholars and translators has been paid in recent years,making the application of translation aesthetics necessary and feasible.
From the perspective of translation aesthetic objects(TAO),the aesthetic flavor of lyric prose is mainly embodied in its formal system and non-formal system,i.e.the micro and macro levels.An ideal lyric prose translation,with no doubt,is to successfully render meaning and aesthetic flavor at both levels.However,the representation of aesthetic flavor can only be gained through the participation of translation aesthetic subjects(TAS); therefore it is necessary to know the aesthetic cognitive processes of translators well and foster their aesthetic qualifications so as to better represent the aesthetic flavor in the rendition of lyric prose.
This paper,with Liu Miqing's translation aesthetics as its theoretical framework and lyric prose as its research object,intends to expound and prove the necessity of translation aesthetics for lyric prose translation and to discuss its application by evaluating and analyzing the E-C lyric prose renditions using Xu Yuanchong's translation aesthetic theories as its theoretical basis.The paper concludes with certainty that translation aesthetics should permeate all facets of lyric prose translation.Translators are supposed to take aesthetic flavor into consideration and to appropriately employ Xu Yuanchong's translation aesthetic theories so as to represent aesthetic flavor intended in the original lyric prose.Moreover,translators are expected to fully understand the aesthetic cognitive processes in translation and consciously foster their own aesthetic qualifications,with the hope that lyric prose translation might be substantially improved.
引文
Alexander, L.G (1976). Poetry and Prose Appreciation for Overseas Students.UK: Longman Group Ltd.
Cadden, J. (1986). Prose Appreciation for A-Level. London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.
Cuddon, J.A. (1998). A Dictionary of Literature Terms and Literary Theory (4th ed.) Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Chen Shuhua. (1990). English Rhetorics and Translation. Beijing: Beijing College of Posts and Telecommunications Press.
Feng Cuihua. (2005). English Rhetorical Options: A Handbook of English Rhetorical Devices(Revised Edition) Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Francis, N. & Smith. J. W. (1969). Patterns for Prose Writing. U.S.A.: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Giles, H. A. (1923). Gems of Chinese Literature: Prose. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh.
Holman, C. H.(1981). A Handbook to Literature. U.S.A.: Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing.
Jorgensen, P. A. & Shroyer, F.B. (Eds.). (1965) The Art of Prose. New York: Scribner.
Kreuzer,J.R.& Cogan,L.(Eds.).(1996).Studies in Prose Writing.New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston.
Miles.R,Bertonasco.M,& Kams.W.(1991).Prose style:A Contemporary Guide(2~(nd) ed.)Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Nash,W.(1980).Designs in Prose.New York:Longman.
Nida,E.A.(1964).Toward a Science of Translating.With Special Reference to Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating.Leiden:E.J.Brill.
Paper,J.D.(Eds.).(1973).Guide to Chinese Prose.Boston:G.K.Hall.
Pollard,D.(2000).The Chinese Essay.London:Hurst & Company.
Sutherland,J.(1957).On English Prose.Canada:University of Toronto Press.
Wu Weiren.(Eds.).(2003).History and Anthology of English Literature 2.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
艾青.《诗论》.北京:人民文学出版社,1982
方梦之.《译学词典》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
冯庆华.《实用翻译教程》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002
冯庆华.《文体翻译论》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002
傅德岷.《散文艺术论》.重庆:重庆出版社,2006
傅光明编.《茅盾作品精选上》.茅盾著.桂林:漓江出版社,2004
傅敏编.《傅雷谈翻译》.北京:当代世界出版社,2006
傅仲选.《实用翻译美学》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1993
甘文平.“从英译《荷塘月色》看译者的翻译美学思想”.《武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版)》,2002(5):520-523
韩子满.“当代美学思潮与翻译理论研究”.《解放军外国语学院学报》,2004(2):57-63
胡裕树.《现代汉语》.上海:上海教育出版社,1999
季羡林.《学问之道》.沈阳:沈阳出版社,2001
李国文.《李国文散文》.北京:人民文学出版社,2005
梁向阳.“抒情机制的确立与抒情散文的兴盛——‘十七年时期'散文现象浅论”.《海南师范学院学报(社会科学版)》,2003(06):53-57
林煌天.《中国翻译词典》.武汉:湖北教育出版社,1997
刘宓庆.《当代翻译理论》.北京:中国对外出版翻译公司,2005a
刘宓庆.《翻译美学导论》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2005b
刘士聪.《汉英.英汉美文翻译与鉴赏》.南京:译林出版社,2002
鲁迅.《汉文学史纲要》.北京:人民文学出版社,1973
毛荣贵.《翻译美学》.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005
毛荣贵.《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2007
戚容金.“试论散文语言的美感特征”.《语文教学与研究(综合天地)》,2004(5):84-85
沈义贞.“论现代散文的分类”.《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》,2001(5):106-110
隋荣谊.《汉英翻译新教程》.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
陶会平.“散文的音乐美”《滁州职业技术学院学报》,2005(1):52-53,64
滕守尧.《审美心理描述》.成都:四川人民出版社,1998
屠国元,袁圆.“文学翻译中译者的审美心理能力”.屠国元主编.三湘译论(五).长沙:湖南人民出版社,2006.1-10
王一川.《美学教程》.上海:复旦大学出版社,2004
王治江.“再现汉语抒情散文的诗情画意”.《外语与外语教学》,2003(12):39-43
徐军,孙宪梅.“浅论散文的语言特点与翻译”.《德州学院学报》,2006(02):58-60
许渊冲.《翻译的艺术》.北京:五洲传播出版社,2006
许渊冲.《文学与翻译》.北京:北京大学出版社,2003
许渊冲.《译笔生花》.郑州:文心出版社,2005
许渊冲译.《汉魏六朝诗一百五十首》.北京:北京大学出版社,1996a
许渊冲.《追忆逝水年华—从西南联大到巴黎大学》.北京:三联书店,1996b
杨朔.《东风第一枝—小跋》.天津:百花文艺出版社,1962
杨宪益,戴乃迭译.《野草》鲁迅著.北京:外文出版社,2000
张培基.《英译中国现代散文选》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
张千里,(学位论文).“风格与审美—英语散文翻译初探”.上海:上海海事大学外国语言学及应用语言学,2003
张智辉.《散文美学论稿》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004
张智中.《许渊冲与翻译艺术》.武汉:湖北教育出版社,2006
中国文学现代散文卷.北京:中国文学出版社,1999
周素文,(学位论文).“散文风格的传译—兼评张培基的《英译中国现代散文》”.上海:上海大学英语系,2004
朱伊革,卢敏.“从美学视角看散文翻译”.《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2000(01):81-83
朱生豪译.《理查二世.约翰王》.Shakespeare著.呼和浩特:远方出版社,2005
祝德纯.《散文创作与鉴赏》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002
Cadden, J. (1986). Prose Appreciation for A-Level. London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.
Cuddon, J.A. (1998). A Dictionary of Literature Terms and Literary Theory (4th ed.) Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Chen Shuhua. (1990). English Rhetorics and Translation. Beijing: Beijing College of Posts and Telecommunications Press.
Feng Cuihua. (2005). English Rhetorical Options: A Handbook of English Rhetorical Devices(Revised Edition) Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Francis, N. & Smith. J. W. (1969). Patterns for Prose Writing. U.S.A.: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Giles, H. A. (1923). Gems of Chinese Literature: Prose. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh.
Holman, C. H.(1981). A Handbook to Literature. U.S.A.: Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing.
Jorgensen, P. A. & Shroyer, F.B. (Eds.). (1965) The Art of Prose. New York: Scribner.
Kreuzer,J.R.& Cogan,L.(Eds.).(1996).Studies in Prose Writing.New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston.
Miles.R,Bertonasco.M,& Kams.W.(1991).Prose style:A Contemporary Guide(2~(nd) ed.)Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Nash,W.(1980).Designs in Prose.New York:Longman.
Nida,E.A.(1964).Toward a Science of Translating.With Special Reference to Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating.Leiden:E.J.Brill.
Paper,J.D.(Eds.).(1973).Guide to Chinese Prose.Boston:G.K.Hall.
Pollard,D.(2000).The Chinese Essay.London:Hurst & Company.
Sutherland,J.(1957).On English Prose.Canada:University of Toronto Press.
Wu Weiren.(Eds.).(2003).History and Anthology of English Literature 2.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
艾青.《诗论》.北京:人民文学出版社,1982
方梦之.《译学词典》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
冯庆华.《实用翻译教程》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002
冯庆华.《文体翻译论》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002
傅德岷.《散文艺术论》.重庆:重庆出版社,2006
傅光明编.《茅盾作品精选上》.茅盾著.桂林:漓江出版社,2004
傅敏编.《傅雷谈翻译》.北京:当代世界出版社,2006
傅仲选.《实用翻译美学》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1993
甘文平.“从英译《荷塘月色》看译者的翻译美学思想”.《武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版)》,2002(5):520-523
韩子满.“当代美学思潮与翻译理论研究”.《解放军外国语学院学报》,2004(2):57-63
胡裕树.《现代汉语》.上海:上海教育出版社,1999
季羡林.《学问之道》.沈阳:沈阳出版社,2001
李国文.《李国文散文》.北京:人民文学出版社,2005
梁向阳.“抒情机制的确立与抒情散文的兴盛——‘十七年时期'散文现象浅论”.《海南师范学院学报(社会科学版)》,2003(06):53-57
林煌天.《中国翻译词典》.武汉:湖北教育出版社,1997
刘宓庆.《当代翻译理论》.北京:中国对外出版翻译公司,2005a
刘宓庆.《翻译美学导论》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2005b
刘士聪.《汉英.英汉美文翻译与鉴赏》.南京:译林出版社,2002
鲁迅.《汉文学史纲要》.北京:人民文学出版社,1973
毛荣贵.《翻译美学》.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005
毛荣贵.《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2007
戚容金.“试论散文语言的美感特征”.《语文教学与研究(综合天地)》,2004(5):84-85
沈义贞.“论现代散文的分类”.《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》,2001(5):106-110
隋荣谊.《汉英翻译新教程》.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
陶会平.“散文的音乐美”《滁州职业技术学院学报》,2005(1):52-53,64
滕守尧.《审美心理描述》.成都:四川人民出版社,1998
屠国元,袁圆.“文学翻译中译者的审美心理能力”.屠国元主编.三湘译论(五).长沙:湖南人民出版社,2006.1-10
王一川.《美学教程》.上海:复旦大学出版社,2004
王治江.“再现汉语抒情散文的诗情画意”.《外语与外语教学》,2003(12):39-43
徐军,孙宪梅.“浅论散文的语言特点与翻译”.《德州学院学报》,2006(02):58-60
许渊冲.《翻译的艺术》.北京:五洲传播出版社,2006
许渊冲.《文学与翻译》.北京:北京大学出版社,2003
许渊冲.《译笔生花》.郑州:文心出版社,2005
许渊冲译.《汉魏六朝诗一百五十首》.北京:北京大学出版社,1996a
许渊冲.《追忆逝水年华—从西南联大到巴黎大学》.北京:三联书店,1996b
杨朔.《东风第一枝—小跋》.天津:百花文艺出版社,1962
杨宪益,戴乃迭译.《野草》鲁迅著.北京:外文出版社,2000
张培基.《英译中国现代散文选》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
张千里,(学位论文).“风格与审美—英语散文翻译初探”.上海:上海海事大学外国语言学及应用语言学,2003
张智辉.《散文美学论稿》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004
张智中.《许渊冲与翻译艺术》.武汉:湖北教育出版社,2006
中国文学现代散文卷.北京:中国文学出版社,1999
周素文,(学位论文).“散文风格的传译—兼评张培基的《英译中国现代散文》”.上海:上海大学英语系,2004
朱伊革,卢敏.“从美学视角看散文翻译”.《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2000(01):81-83
朱生豪译.《理查二世.约翰王》.Shakespeare著.呼和浩特:远方出版社,2005
祝德纯.《散文创作与鉴赏》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002
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