高速铁路沥青混凝土轨下基础轮轨滚动噪声数值模拟研究
摘要
随着我国大规模的铁路提速改造工程的实施,以及大力发展高速客运专线的需要,无砟轨道开始大量应用。但是普通的板式轨道也产生了一些难以克服的问题,比如刚度太大,易开裂,不易维修养护等,其中之一就是严重的噪声危害。在各种铁路噪声中,轮轨滚动噪声随着列车速度的提高成为主要的噪声源。目前控制轮轨滚动噪声的措施主要是通过改善和优化轨上结构来实现的,而很少考虑轨下基础对噪声的影响。沥青混凝土作为一种良好的材料在高速公路上得到了大量的应用,其弹性好、防水、易于维修等优点都是水泥混凝土不具备的。本论文依托课题——成灌城际铁路全断面沥青混凝土强化基床表层路基结构试验研究,利用Abaqus有限元软件,建立ACRS-1型、ACRS-2型和普通板式3种结构的轮轨滚动噪声模型,分别对其轮轨滚动噪声进行数值仿真模拟,通过计算和比较,分析了不同轨下基础的噪声水平。
本文主要的研究内容和成果如下：
(1)建立包含沥青混凝土轨下基础的轮轨滚动噪声模型；
(2)通过计算比较,分析沥青混凝土轨下基础的降噪性能,结果显示,ACRS-1型结构比普通板式轨道降噪2dB(A)左右；
(3)对ACRS-1型结构进行参数敏感性分析,发现噪声随着沥青层厚度的增大而减小,随着沥青层温度的增大而增大,但是这种变化不是很明显。
With the implementation of China's large-scale railway speed improvement and transformation, and a strong need for the development of high-speed passenger line, ballastless track began large applicated. But ordinary slab track also produced a number of difficult issues to overcome, such as great stiffness, too easy to crack, hard to maintance, one of them is a serious noise hazard. In a variety of railway noise, wheel/rail rolling noise, as the train speeds increase to become a major noise source. Currently measures in control of wheel-rail rolling noise mainly by improving and optimizing the rail structure to achieve, but rarely considered the impact of the foundation under rail. Asphalt concrete as a good material get a lot of applications in the highway, having the advantages of good elasticity, waterproof, easy to maintain that the cement concrete is not available. This thesis relying on the subject-the study of the embankment structure test for the full section of asphalt reinforced foundation of Chengdu-Dujiangyan inter-city rail, using Abaqus finite element software, establish the wheel/track noise model of three kinds of structures that is ACRS-1 type, ACRS-2 type and ordinary slab track. With the numerical simulation of the wheel/track noise of these structures, through calculation and comparison, this thesis analyses the noise level of different foundations under rail.
The mian content and results of the study are as follows:
(1) Established the wheel/rail rolling noise model with asphalt concrete foundation under track;
(2) By calculating and comparative, analysed the noise reduction performance of asphalt concrete foundation under rail, the results showed that the noise of the ACRS-1 type is 2dB(A) lower than the ordinary slab track's.
(3) Through the Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of the ACRS-1 type, found that the noise decreases with the increase of the thickness of asphalt layer, increases as the increase of the temperature of the asphalt layer, but this change is not obvious.
本文主要的研究内容和成果如下：
(1)建立包含沥青混凝土轨下基础的轮轨滚动噪声模型；
(2)通过计算比较,分析沥青混凝土轨下基础的降噪性能,结果显示,ACRS-1型结构比普通板式轨道降噪2dB(A)左右；
(3)对ACRS-1型结构进行参数敏感性分析,发现噪声随着沥青层厚度的增大而减小,随着沥青层温度的增大而增大,但是这种变化不是很明显。
With the implementation of China's large-scale railway speed improvement and transformation, and a strong need for the development of high-speed passenger line, ballastless track began large applicated. But ordinary slab track also produced a number of difficult issues to overcome, such as great stiffness, too easy to crack, hard to maintance, one of them is a serious noise hazard. In a variety of railway noise, wheel/rail rolling noise, as the train speeds increase to become a major noise source. Currently measures in control of wheel-rail rolling noise mainly by improving and optimizing the rail structure to achieve, but rarely considered the impact of the foundation under rail. Asphalt concrete as a good material get a lot of applications in the highway, having the advantages of good elasticity, waterproof, easy to maintain that the cement concrete is not available. This thesis relying on the subject-the study of the embankment structure test for the full section of asphalt reinforced foundation of Chengdu-Dujiangyan inter-city rail, using Abaqus finite element software, establish the wheel/track noise model of three kinds of structures that is ACRS-1 type, ACRS-2 type and ordinary slab track. With the numerical simulation of the wheel/track noise of these structures, through calculation and comparison, this thesis analyses the noise level of different foundations under rail.
The mian content and results of the study are as follows:
(1) Established the wheel/rail rolling noise model with asphalt concrete foundation under track;
(2) By calculating and comparative, analysed the noise reduction performance of asphalt concrete foundation under rail, the results showed that the noise of the ACRS-1 type is 2dB(A) lower than the ordinary slab track's.
(3) Through the Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of the ACRS-1 type, found that the noise decreases with the increase of the thickness of asphalt layer, increases as the increase of the temperature of the asphalt layer, but this change is not obvious.
引文
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[4]何华武.无砟轨道技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2005.
[5]A. V. Mittal, S. K. Maurya:Ballast specification for high axle load (32.5 tonnes) and high speed (=250KMPH)[S],2006.
[6]Stephan Freudenstein, Manfred schmits:Feste Fahrbahn fur den Nah verkehr, Asphalt, issue 1, 2004,24-29.
[7]Bachmann, H., W. Mohr and M. Kowalski (2003), The Rheda 2000 ballastless track system.European Railway Review, Issue 1,2003, p44-51.
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[10]王晓刚.国外高速铁路建设及发展趋势[J].建筑机械,2007,(5)：13-16.
[11]Dingqing Li, Joe LoPresti, David Davis, Application and performance of Hot-mix-asphalt trackbed over soft Subgrade:Properly using Hot-mix asphalt as an underlayment can solve many subgrade problems and track geometry deterioration. Railway Track and Structures, Jan 2002. 13-15.
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[13]Dingqing Li, Steve Chrismer. Soft subgrade remedies under heavy axle loads. Railway Track and Structures, Oct 1999.
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[17]Huurman, M., Markine, V.L., de Man, A.P. (2002), Design Calculations For Embedded Rail In Asphalt. Proceedings of Rail. Proceedings of Railway Engineering-2002 Conference, London, UK,3rd-4th July 2002. ISBN 0-947644-49-0.
[18]李汝震.新型轨下基础述评[J].铁道建筑,1982,(11)：18-23.
[19]于春华.新型轨下基础的几个问题[J].铁道标准设计,1991,(5)：22-28.
[20]黄长绥,孙中正.铁路沥青道床的应用与发展[J].铁道工程学报,1991,(3)：132-140.
[21]邱延峻,魏永幸.客运专线无砟轨道路基面防水型沥青混合料指标体系与配制技术[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：85-91.
[22]方明镜,魏永幸,邱延峻.客运专线无砟轨道路基面防水设计方案[J].路基工程,2008,(5)：20-21.
[23]雷晓燕,圣小珍.现代轨道理论研究(第二版)[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2008.
[24]李洪强.基于GIS的高速铁路噪声预测与环境影响评价系统研究[硕士学位论文D].长沙：中南大学,2008.
[25]GB3096-93,城市区域环境噪声标准.
[26]GB／T12525-90,铁路边界噪声限值及其测量方法.
[27]王昌林.高速铁路噪声与振动因素的分析及其对策的探讨[M].铁道标准设计,2000,20(12)：61-62.
[28]马心坦.轮轨滚动噪声预测与控制研究[博士学位论文D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[29]徐志胜.轨道交通轮轨噪声预测与控制研究[博士学位论文D].成都：西南交通大学,2004.
[30]王光芦,刘达德.我国高速铁路噪声特性研究[M].环境技术,2001,(2),36-40.
[31]P.J.Remington. Wheel/noise,Part I:characterization of the wheel/rail dynamic System. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1976,46 (3):359-379.
[32]P.J.Remington. Wheel/noise,Part IV:rolling noise. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1976,(3),46:419-436.
[33]D.J.Thompson.Wheel/rail noise:Theoretical Modeling of the Generation of Vibrations[D].PhD thesis, University of SouthamPton,1990.
[34]D.J.Thompson. Wheel/rail noise generation, part Ⅰ:Introduction and Interaction Model. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1993,61(3):387-400.
[35]D.J.Thompson. Wheel/rail noise generation, part Ⅱ:Wheel Vibration. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1993,161(3):403-419.
[36]D.J.Thompson. Wheel/rail noise generation, part Ⅲ:Rail Vibration. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1993,161(3):421-446.
[37]D.J.Thompson. Wheel/rail noise generation, part Ⅳ:Contact zone and results. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1993,161(3):447-466.
[38]D.J.Thompson. Wheel/rail noise generation, part Ⅴ:Inclusion of wheel rotation. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1993,16(3):467-482.
[39]European Rail Research Institute. Description of the TWINS model and validation of the model versus experimental data[J]. Question C163 Railway Noise, Report No.21, railway rolling noise modeling,1995.
[40]圣小珍,雷晓燕.欧洲铁路轮轨噪声研究方法和进展[M].华东交通大学学报,2001,18(3)： 6-10.
[41]焦大化,钱德森.铁路环境噪声控制[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1990.
[42]雷晓燕,圣小珍.现代轨道理论研究(第二版)[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2008.
[43]雷晓燕,圣小珍.铁路交通噪声与振动[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
[44]徐志胜,翟婉明.高速铁路轮轨噪声预测分析[J].中国铁道科学,2004,25(1)：20-27.
[45]刘扬,练松良,刘加华.弹性支承块轨道振动与噪声强度关系分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005,1：50-52.
[46]彭华,杨广庆.城市轨道交通的噪声与振动及其控制措施[J].铁道工程学报,2001,4：37-39.
[47]刘林芽,雷晓燕,练松良.车轮参数对轮轨噪声的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,5：74-77.
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