城市轨道交通车载超级电容储能系统控制策略的研究
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摘要
摘要：在城市轨道交通中,再生制动能量能够被相邻列车吸收利用,若不能被完全吸收,那么剩余的再生制动能量会使线网电压迅速上升,为防止再生失效,通常利用制动电阻将剩余能量消耗掉,这造成极大地浪费并带来温升的问题。近年来,随着超级电容、飞轮等新型储能技术的发展,如何利用储能装置吸收利用再生制动能量是城轨交通当今研究的热点课题。因此本文提出利用车载超级电容储能系统吸收并利用再生制动能量,降低列车的牵引能耗。
本文研究了超级电容的充放电特性和城轨交通列车的能量特点,并分析了二者之间的能量匹配关系和超级电容应用在城轨交通中的优势。搭建了车载超级电容系统列车仿真和实验平台,利用空间状态平均法对超级电容储能系统进行准确数学建模和性能分析,从理论上分析了超级电容电流闭环反馈控制方法,使超级电容电流的快速准确响应,在此分析的基础上提出一种基于线网电流补偿的间接能量控制策略,对正确控制超级电容充放电的控制算法进行了详细分析,重点介绍了控制算法应满足的电压和电流逻辑关系以及超级电容充电状态(SOC)对充放电电流的校正控制。
为验证所提控制策略的正确性,本文运用effect-causes思想在Matlab搭建了车载超级电容储能系统列车运行能量流动仿真平台,能够体现城轨列车搭载超级电容储能系统后能量流动情况,仿真结果能够验证控制策略的正确性。在实验室1.25F超级电容储能系统实验平台上,仿真和实验结果表明,该控制策略能够正确控制超级电容吸收再利用再生制动能量,达到控制目的。
ABSTRACT:In urban mass transit, the regenerative braking energy can be absorbed by the adjacent vehicle on the same electrified line, if the energy can not be completely absorbed, so the surplus regenerative braking energy will make line network voltage rise rapidly, try to prevent regeneration cancellation, usually burn the surplus energy in braking resistance, which causes greatly waste and brings the temperature problem. In recent years, along with the super capacitor, flywheel storage technology development, using storage device to store the regenerative braking energy and re-use as the assist power for the required traction power is the hot topic in current researches. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy storage system with on-board of super capacitor to storage and re-use the regenerative braking energy, therefore the vehicle can make full use of regenerative braking force, realize the purpose of saving energy.
In this paper the charging and discharging characteristics of super capacitor and vehicle energy characteristics are studied, the matching relation between them is also analyzed. The on-board super capacitor system simulation and experimental platform are built, based on the accurate mathematical modeling and performance analysis, this paper proposes a line net current compensation indirect energy control strategy, the control algorithm is analyzed in detail, and emphatically introduced the control algorithm of voltage and current logical relationship, and combined with the super capacitor state of charge (SOC) to revise the current control.
To verify the correctness of the proposed control strategy, a novel vehicle simulation platform has been created in Matlab by using an'effect-causes'simulation tool, which can reflect the power flow in hybrid electric vehicle. Simulation results verify the correctness of the control strategy. Base on a 1.25 F super capacitor storage system experimental platform, simulation and experiment results show that the control strategy can accurately control super capacitor storage and reuse regenerative braking energy.
本文研究了超级电容的充放电特性和城轨交通列车的能量特点,并分析了二者之间的能量匹配关系和超级电容应用在城轨交通中的优势。搭建了车载超级电容系统列车仿真和实验平台,利用空间状态平均法对超级电容储能系统进行准确数学建模和性能分析,从理论上分析了超级电容电流闭环反馈控制方法,使超级电容电流的快速准确响应,在此分析的基础上提出一种基于线网电流补偿的间接能量控制策略,对正确控制超级电容充放电的控制算法进行了详细分析,重点介绍了控制算法应满足的电压和电流逻辑关系以及超级电容充电状态(SOC)对充放电电流的校正控制。
为验证所提控制策略的正确性,本文运用effect-causes思想在Matlab搭建了车载超级电容储能系统列车运行能量流动仿真平台,能够体现城轨列车搭载超级电容储能系统后能量流动情况,仿真结果能够验证控制策略的正确性。在实验室1.25F超级电容储能系统实验平台上,仿真和实验结果表明,该控制策略能够正确控制超级电容吸收再利用再生制动能量,达到控制目的。
ABSTRACT:In urban mass transit, the regenerative braking energy can be absorbed by the adjacent vehicle on the same electrified line, if the energy can not be completely absorbed, so the surplus regenerative braking energy will make line network voltage rise rapidly, try to prevent regeneration cancellation, usually burn the surplus energy in braking resistance, which causes greatly waste and brings the temperature problem. In recent years, along with the super capacitor, flywheel storage technology development, using storage device to store the regenerative braking energy and re-use as the assist power for the required traction power is the hot topic in current researches. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy storage system with on-board of super capacitor to storage and re-use the regenerative braking energy, therefore the vehicle can make full use of regenerative braking force, realize the purpose of saving energy.
In this paper the charging and discharging characteristics of super capacitor and vehicle energy characteristics are studied, the matching relation between them is also analyzed. The on-board super capacitor system simulation and experimental platform are built, based on the accurate mathematical modeling and performance analysis, this paper proposes a line net current compensation indirect energy control strategy, the control algorithm is analyzed in detail, and emphatically introduced the control algorithm of voltage and current logical relationship, and combined with the super capacitor state of charge (SOC) to revise the current control.
To verify the correctness of the proposed control strategy, a novel vehicle simulation platform has been created in Matlab by using an'effect-causes'simulation tool, which can reflect the power flow in hybrid electric vehicle. Simulation results verify the correctness of the control strategy. Base on a 1.25 F super capacitor storage system experimental platform, simulation and experiment results show that the control strategy can accurately control super capacitor storage and reuse regenerative braking energy.
引文
[1]杨中平,柳拥军,单雷.日本直线电机车辆铁车辆技术[J].都市快轨交通.2006年.第1卷,9第2期
[2]杨中平.新干线纵横谈.中国铁道出版社,2006
[3]饶忠.列车牵引计算.中国铁道出版社,1997
[4]赵荣华.城市轨道交通地面电阻制动系统的仿真模型设计与研究.硕士论文
[5]王雪迪.基于城市轨道交通车辆的超级电容储能系统的研究.硕士论文
[6]王彦峥,苏鹏程.城市轨道交通再生电能回收技术方案的研究.电气化铁路.2004年,第2期,37-40
[7]徐长勤,宋德银,董传海.城市轨道交通再生制动能量储存利用.现代城市轨道交通.2005年,第6期,18-20
[11]池耀田,城轨交通系统储能器的发展.都市快轨交通.2005年,第18卷,第3期：1-6
[12]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学直流一直流变换部分[M].北京,科学出版社,1993
[13]张慧妍,韦统振,齐智平.超级电容器储能装置研究.电网技术,2006年,第30卷,第8期：92-96
[14]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC/DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报.2005年,第25期,第11卷：46-49
[15]王冉冉,刘玉庆,徐宁.飞轮储能装置的性能特点及其应用展望.电源技术应用.2003年,第6卷,第4期：177-179
[16]钟海云,李荐,戴艳阳.新型能源器件—超级电容器研究发展最新动态.电源技术.2001年,第25卷,第5期
[17]桂长青.新型储能元件超级电容.船电技术.2003年,第1期：23-26
[18]张臣,陈杰.车用超级电容器应用设计.电源技术.2006年,第30卷,第9期：740-743
[19]刘宝林.地铁列车能耗分析.电力机车与城轨车辆.2007年,第30卷,第4期
[20]赵立峰,张发明,北京地铁5号线再生电能吸收装置.现代都市轨道交通.2008年1月
[21]蔡国营,王亚军.超级电容器储能特性研究.电源世界.2009年1月
[22]M. Ogasa*, Y. Taguchi. Power electronics technologies for a lithium ion battery tram,2007 IEEE.pg 1369-1375
[23]A. Rufer, D. Hotelier and P. Barrade. A supercapacitor-based energy-storage substation for voltage compensation in weak transportation networks, Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne, Laboratoire d'electronique industrielle, Lausanne, Switzerland
[24]PATRIK JOHANSSON BJORN ANDERSSON. Comparison of Simulation Programs for Supercapacitor Modelling. CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden,2008
[25]B. Destraz, P. Barrade, A. Rufer and M. Klohr. Study and Simulation of the Energy Balance of an Urban Transportation Network, EPE 2007, Aalborg,Denmark
[26]Van Mierlo J, Maggeto G. Innovative iteration algorithm for a vehicle simulation program, IEEE transactions on vehicular technology. vol 53 (2), pg 401-412. MAR 2004
[27]R. Barrero, X. Tackoen, J. Van Mierlo. Analysis and conFig.uration of supercapacitor based energy storage system on-board light rail vehicles, pg 1512-1517.EPE-PEMC 2008
[28]M. Steiner and J. Scholten. Energy storage on board of railway vehicles, EPE 2005, Dresden
[29]Dr. Michael Steiner, Dr. Johannes Scholten. Energy Storage on board of railway vehicles, EPE 2005, Drsden
[30]Ricardo Barrero, Joeri Van Mierlo and Xavier Tackoen. Enhanced Energy Storage Systems for Improved On-Board Light Rail Vehicle Efficiency, pg 26-36. IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER 2008
[31]Ricardo Barrero, Xavier Tackoen, Joeri Van Mierlo. Improving energy efficiency in public transport:stationary supercapacitor based energy storage systems for a metro network, VPPC2008, Harbin, China
[32]Inoue. K, Ogata. K, Kato, T. A Control Method of a Regenerative Power Storage System for Electric Machinery,2006.PESC'06.37th IEEE,18-22 June 2006,1-5
[33]Nomura, M, Tadano, Y.Yamada. Performance of inverter with electrical double layer capacitor for vector controlled induction motor drives. Industry Applications Conference, 2005, Volume 2:1073-1080
[34]Anne-Laure Allegre, Alain Bouscayrol. Reduced-Scale-Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of an Innovative Subway, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL.57, NO.4, APRIL 2010
[35]王亚玲,吴命利.直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模.电气化铁道.2005(4)
[36]胡寿松.自动控制原理.科学出版社.2006
[2]杨中平.新干线纵横谈.中国铁道出版社,2006
[3]饶忠.列车牵引计算.中国铁道出版社,1997
[4]赵荣华.城市轨道交通地面电阻制动系统的仿真模型设计与研究.硕士论文
[5]王雪迪.基于城市轨道交通车辆的超级电容储能系统的研究.硕士论文
[6]王彦峥,苏鹏程.城市轨道交通再生电能回收技术方案的研究.电气化铁路.2004年,第2期,37-40
[7]徐长勤,宋德银,董传海.城市轨道交通再生制动能量储存利用.现代城市轨道交通.2005年,第6期,18-20
[11]池耀田,城轨交通系统储能器的发展.都市快轨交通.2005年,第18卷,第3期：1-6
[12]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学直流一直流变换部分[M].北京,科学出版社,1993
[13]张慧妍,韦统振,齐智平.超级电容器储能装置研究.电网技术,2006年,第30卷,第8期：92-96
[14]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC/DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报.2005年,第25期,第11卷：46-49
[15]王冉冉,刘玉庆,徐宁.飞轮储能装置的性能特点及其应用展望.电源技术应用.2003年,第6卷,第4期：177-179
[16]钟海云,李荐,戴艳阳.新型能源器件—超级电容器研究发展最新动态.电源技术.2001年,第25卷,第5期
[17]桂长青.新型储能元件超级电容.船电技术.2003年,第1期：23-26
[18]张臣,陈杰.车用超级电容器应用设计.电源技术.2006年,第30卷,第9期：740-743
[19]刘宝林.地铁列车能耗分析.电力机车与城轨车辆.2007年,第30卷,第4期
[20]赵立峰,张发明,北京地铁5号线再生电能吸收装置.现代都市轨道交通.2008年1月
[21]蔡国营,王亚军.超级电容器储能特性研究.电源世界.2009年1月
[22]M. Ogasa*, Y. Taguchi. Power electronics technologies for a lithium ion battery tram,2007 IEEE.pg 1369-1375
[23]A. Rufer, D. Hotelier and P. Barrade. A supercapacitor-based energy-storage substation for voltage compensation in weak transportation networks, Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne, Laboratoire d'electronique industrielle, Lausanne, Switzerland
[24]PATRIK JOHANSSON BJORN ANDERSSON. Comparison of Simulation Programs for Supercapacitor Modelling. CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden,2008
[25]B. Destraz, P. Barrade, A. Rufer and M. Klohr. Study and Simulation of the Energy Balance of an Urban Transportation Network, EPE 2007, Aalborg,Denmark
[26]Van Mierlo J, Maggeto G. Innovative iteration algorithm for a vehicle simulation program, IEEE transactions on vehicular technology. vol 53 (2), pg 401-412. MAR 2004
[27]R. Barrero, X. Tackoen, J. Van Mierlo. Analysis and conFig.uration of supercapacitor based energy storage system on-board light rail vehicles, pg 1512-1517.EPE-PEMC 2008
[28]M. Steiner and J. Scholten. Energy storage on board of railway vehicles, EPE 2005, Dresden
[29]Dr. Michael Steiner, Dr. Johannes Scholten. Energy Storage on board of railway vehicles, EPE 2005, Drsden
[30]Ricardo Barrero, Joeri Van Mierlo and Xavier Tackoen. Enhanced Energy Storage Systems for Improved On-Board Light Rail Vehicle Efficiency, pg 26-36. IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER 2008
[31]Ricardo Barrero, Xavier Tackoen, Joeri Van Mierlo. Improving energy efficiency in public transport:stationary supercapacitor based energy storage systems for a metro network, VPPC2008, Harbin, China
[32]Inoue. K, Ogata. K, Kato, T. A Control Method of a Regenerative Power Storage System for Electric Machinery,2006.PESC'06.37th IEEE,18-22 June 2006,1-5
[33]Nomura, M, Tadano, Y.Yamada. Performance of inverter with electrical double layer capacitor for vector controlled induction motor drives. Industry Applications Conference, 2005, Volume 2:1073-1080
[34]Anne-Laure Allegre, Alain Bouscayrol. Reduced-Scale-Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of an Innovative Subway, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL.57, NO.4, APRIL 2010
[35]王亚玲,吴命利.直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模.电气化铁道.2005(4)
[36]胡寿松.自动控制原理.科学出版社.2006
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