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基于小波分析的汽车起重机常用钢声发射源特性研究
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摘要
本文研究内容涉及声发射检测技术在汽车起重机无损检测应用中几个问题的研究。本论文的研究工作是国家863计划重点项目“工程机械远程维护及监控系统”课题3:“汽车起重机安全监控及预警应用系统研制中的关键技术研究”的一部分,完成的主要工作有:(1)汽车起重机常用钢材弯曲实验及声发射信号特性参数研究;(2)基于小波分析的声发射源信号波形特征提取;(3)基于小波包—相关关系的声发射源定位方法研究。
     本论文主要得到了以下结论:
     (1)通过对汽车起重机常用钢W960(WELDOX960)钢和HG70钢的母材试件塑性变形声发射特性研究,得到了W960、HG70钢声发射信号的幅值、能量、振铃计数、上升时间、持续时间等参数特性;
     (2)通过对汽车起重机常用钢W960、HG70焊接缺陷(气孔、夹渣)试件裂纹断裂的声发射特性研究,得到了W960、HG70两种缺陷情况下的裂纹断裂声发射信号的幅值、能量、振铃计数、上升时间、持续时间等参数特性,并且对这些特性进行了比较分析;
     (3)利用基于小波包特征能谱系数的声发射源特征提取方法,结合汽车起重机常用钢试件塑性变形及裂纹断裂的声发射源信号,提取了不同声发射源信号特征;
     (4)研究了基于小波包—相关的波形定位方法来求取两传感器信号时差,并通过断铅实验数据的小波包—相关计算,得到的时差数据与理论时差吻合的很好。
     本文所做的工作有助于提高对汽车起重机声发射源的认识,为汽车起重机声发射检测及结果分析方法标准的制定提供帮助,对推动声发射技术在起重机行业的应用具有重要意义。
This dissertation involves the application research on the Acoustic Emission (AE) testing technology for Non-destructive testing (NDT) of automobile crane. The research in this dissertation is a part of the 863 plan project "The remote maintenance and monitoring systems on the engineering plant" topic three:"The key technical research of automobile crane safety monitoring and warning systems". The main tasks we have done contain:(1)The research of bending testing of W960(WELDOX960) and HG70 steels which are commonly used for materials of automobile crane and characteristic parameters of AE signal. (2)The extracting of the AE signal wave features based on the wavelet analysis. (3)The research on the AE source location method based on the wavelet packet analysis combined with the cross-correlation function.
     These main conclusions of this dissertation are as follows:
     (1)Acquiring the AE parameter characteristics of plastic deformation signal through the bending testing of W960 and HG70 steels, which are commonly used steels of automobile crane. The AE parameters include amplitude, energy, counts, rise time and duration.
     (2)Acquiring the AE parameters characteristics of crack propagation fracture by studying the crack signal from the bending testing of W960 and HG70 steels with welding defect such as gas pore and slag inclusion. And make a comparative analysis on the AE parameters characteristics.
     (3)Combining with the AE signal of automobile crane commonly used steels' plastic deformation and crack propagation fracture, make use of feather extraction method of AE signal based on Wavelet packet feature energy frequency coefficient to extract the features of different AE signal.
     (4)The AE location method based on the wavelet packet analysis combined with the cross-correlation function for time difference calculation was researched. By means of experiment, the practical time difference acquired by this method is anastigmatic with the theoretical value.
     The research of this dissertation make a contribution to enhance the comprehensive understanding of AE sources of automobile crane and conduct to lay a foundation for the method of AE testing and analysis of automobile crane. It is of vitally importance and utility value in promoting the application of AE technology in the field of crane.
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