基于信任机制的网格资源调度
|
摘要
由于网格系统动态性、自治性、分布性和异构性等特点,使得网格环境下的资源调度十分复杂和具有挑战性。目前,多数网格资源调度仅仅考虑到性能的一些参数,而忽视了信任的影响。
首先,本文概述了网格的基本概念、技术特点及分类,介绍了网格的体系结构,分析了网格资源调度的目标和资源调度算法的研究现状,并指出了各自的优缺点。
其次,结合网格的特点,提出了一种新的网格信任机制,该信任机制分为行为信任模型和能力信任两部分。其中行为信任模型采取了以自治域为单位,分层次的结构,这样既能不改变原有的资源管理形式,又能达到资源共享。在行为信任的基础上,结合网格动态变化的特点,提出了能力信任,完善了信任机制。
再次,通过对Min-min算法的分析,提出了一种信任驱动的资源调度算法TDS。该算法与Min-min算法相比,在保证性能QoS的同时兼顾了信任QoS,减少了恶意的用户和不实的资源,从而减少调度失败的次数,提高调度效率。
最后,采用GidSim仿真软件对TDS和Min-min算法及另一种基于信任QoS的算法进行比较。
Grid System consists of various resources,and the resources have more features of dynamic change,autonomy,geiographical dipersion and hetergeneous systems,which make scheduling of resources very complex and challenging.At present,most of scheduling in grid only concern some scheduling performance parameters,and largely ingore the impact of trust mechnism.
Firstly,grid's basic conception,technology characteristic and grid's sorts are reviewed.The architecture of grid system is introduced.The aim of schedule- ng and scheduling algorithms are analysed and their advantage and disadvantage are pointed.
Secondly,concerning the grid's characteristic,a new trust mechnism,which compise behavior trust model and capability trust, is proposed.The behavior trust model with two layers is united by domain,this architecture not only needn’t change the form of resource management,but also can share the resources.Based on behavior trust and concerned grid's dynamic change,capa- bility trust which make up the behavior trust,is proposed.
Thirdly,A new trust driven resource scheduling algorithm TDS is proposed by ananlysing Min-min algorithm.TDS not only focus on performance QoS but also pay attention to trust QoS,besides reduce the vicious users and resources,accordingly reduce the failing times and inhance the scheduling efficiency.
Finally,the performance of TDS,Min-min and TD Min-min are compared with GridSim.
首先,本文概述了网格的基本概念、技术特点及分类,介绍了网格的体系结构,分析了网格资源调度的目标和资源调度算法的研究现状,并指出了各自的优缺点。
其次,结合网格的特点,提出了一种新的网格信任机制,该信任机制分为行为信任模型和能力信任两部分。其中行为信任模型采取了以自治域为单位,分层次的结构,这样既能不改变原有的资源管理形式,又能达到资源共享。在行为信任的基础上,结合网格动态变化的特点,提出了能力信任,完善了信任机制。
再次,通过对Min-min算法的分析,提出了一种信任驱动的资源调度算法TDS。该算法与Min-min算法相比,在保证性能QoS的同时兼顾了信任QoS,减少了恶意的用户和不实的资源,从而减少调度失败的次数,提高调度效率。
最后,采用GidSim仿真软件对TDS和Min-min算法及另一种基于信任QoS的算法进行比较。
Grid System consists of various resources,and the resources have more features of dynamic change,autonomy,geiographical dipersion and hetergeneous systems,which make scheduling of resources very complex and challenging.At present,most of scheduling in grid only concern some scheduling performance parameters,and largely ingore the impact of trust mechnism.
Firstly,grid's basic conception,technology characteristic and grid's sorts are reviewed.The architecture of grid system is introduced.The aim of schedule- ng and scheduling algorithms are analysed and their advantage and disadvantage are pointed.
Secondly,concerning the grid's characteristic,a new trust mechnism,which compise behavior trust model and capability trust, is proposed.The behavior trust model with two layers is united by domain,this architecture not only needn’t change the form of resource management,but also can share the resources.Based on behavior trust and concerned grid's dynamic change,capa- bility trust which make up the behavior trust,is proposed.
Thirdly,A new trust driven resource scheduling algorithm TDS is proposed by ananlysing Min-min algorithm.TDS not only focus on performance QoS but also pay attention to trust QoS,besides reduce the vicious users and resources,accordingly reduce the failing times and inhance the scheduling efficiency.
Finally,the performance of TDS,Min-min and TD Min-min are compared with GridSim.
引文
1 Ian foster, The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, 2nd Edition, Mo- rgan Kaufmann,2004:3-20
2 Foster I,Kesselman C.what is Grid? A Three Point Checklist[EB/OL]. http://www.G- rid today.com/02/0722/10036.html,2002-7-22
3 Chen Hongtu,Maheswaran M. Distributed dynamic scheduling of composite tasks on grid computing systems //IPDPS 2002:Proceedings of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2002:88- 97
4 Min Rui,Maheswaran M. Scheduling co- reservations with priorities in grid computi- ng systems//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Gird,CCGRID 2002,2002:250-256
5 M. Blaze ,J . Feigenbaum and J . Lacy ,Decentralized trust management , Proceedings of the 17th Symposiumon Security and Privacy ,IEEE Computer Society Pre- ss ,1996:164-173
6 T.Beth ,M. Borcherding ,B. Klein ,Valuation of trust in open systems , In D.Goll man n,editor,Computer Security ESORICS′94, volume 875 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,Springer Verlag,Berlin,1994:3-18.
7 A. Abdul2Rahman,S. Hailes ,A distributed trust model , Proceedings of the 1997 New Security Paradigms Workshop ,Cumbria ,UK,ACM Press ,1997:48-60.
8 Li Xiong,Ling Liu,A reputation-based trust model for peer-to-peer e-commerce communities,E-Commerce,2003. CEC 2003 , IEEE International Conference on ,24～27 June 2003 ,2003:275-284.
9干志勤,曾国荪.网格环境下基于行为的信任评估模型.计算机应用与软件,2005, 22(2): 62-64
10王珊,高迎,程涛远,张坤龙.服务网格环境下基于行为的双层信任模型的研究.计算机应用,2005,25(9): 1974-1977
11 Rajkumar B. Economic based Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling forGridComputing . Melbourne: Monash University,2002:123-131.
12 Jarek N , Jennifer M , Jan W. Grid Resource Management State of the Art and Futur- e Trends. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004:67-74.
13郭美云,杨博,陈志刚.基于网格资源超图模型的可信任务调度.计算机工程, 2008,34(13):58-60
14 Foster I,Kesselman C.,Tsudik G. , Tuecks S. A security architecture for computation- al grids. In:Proceedings of the 5th on Computer and Communication Security,NY, US- A,1998:83-92.
15 Czerwinski S.E ,Zhao B.Y. , Hodes T.D., Joseph A.D. ,Katz R.H.. An architecture for a secure service discovery service. In:Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks, Seatle ,Wash,1999:24-29.
16 Azzedin F., Maheswaran M.. Integrating trust into grid resource management systems. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing,Vancouv- er,British Columbia,Canada,2002:47-54.
17 Humphrey M.,Thompson M.R..Security implication of typical grid computing usage scenario . In:Proceedings of the IEEE HPDC,San Francisco,CA,2001:95-103.
18 Abawajy J.H.. Fault-tolerant scheduling policy for grid computing systems. In: Proce- edings of the 18th IEEE International Parallel & Distributled Processing Sysmposiu- m ,Santa Fe,New Mexico,2004:50-58
19 Song S.,Kwok Y.K.,Hwang K..Tusted job scheduling in open computational grids: Security-driven heuristics and a fast genetic algorithm.In: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel & Distibuted Processing Symposium, Denver,CO, USA, 2005:33-40
20 Li K.,He Y.,Liu X..Security-driven scheduling algorithms based on engentrust in grid.In:Procedings of the 6th International Conference of Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies, Denver,USA,2005:1068-1072
21袁禄来,曾国荪,姜黎立,蒋昌俊.网格环境下基于信任模型的动态级调度.计算机学报,2006,29(7): 1217-1224
22张伟哲,刘欣然,云晓春,等.信任驱动的网格任务调度算法.通信学报, 2006, 27(2):73-79.
23董国防,宋秀红,师恩培.网格环境下基于信任机制的资源调度研究.计算机科学与探索.2008.2 (2):217-224
24 Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman. The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing.Infrastruc- ure. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,Inc.,1999:3-20.
25 Ian Foster, C. Kesselman, S. Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Vi- rtual Organization. International Supercomputer Applications,2001, 15(3):45-53
26都志辉,陈渝,刘鹏等.网格计算.北京:清华大学出版社.2002:9-12.
27 Ian Foster,K.Czajkowski,D.E.Ferguson,etc.Modeling and managing State in distribut- ed systems: the role of OGSI and WSRF.Proceedings of the IEEE,2005.
28 Kamalsinh F.Chavda.Anatomy of a Web services.The Jounral of Computing in Small Coleges,2004,19(3):124-133
29 D.Talia.The Open Grid Services Architecture:where the grid meets the Web.Procee- ding of IEEE on Internet Computing.2002.67-71.
30 I. Foster C.Kesselman J.Nick and S.Tuecke.The Physiology of the Grid:An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. Open Grid Service Infrastr- ucture WG,Global Grid Formn.Ju ne 22,2002.
31 Ching Lin,Vijay Varadharajan and Yan Wang. Enhancing Grid Security with Trust Management.in Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Service Computing.2004.
32 Josang A.The right type of trust for distributed systems.In:Meadows,C,ed.Proceedings of the 1996 New Security Paradigms Workshop.Lake Arrowhead, CA:ACMPress. 1996:144-156.
33 Farag Azzedin and Muthucumaru Maheswaran,Evolving and Managing Trust in Grid Computing Systems,IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical&Computer Engineering (CCECE'02),2002:1424-1429
34 L Rasmusson,S.Janssen.Simulated Social Control for Secure Internet Commerce.In Catherine Meadows,editor,Proceedings of the 1996 New Security Paradigms Worksh- op.ACM,1996:234-256.
35邓晓衡,卢锡城,王怀民.iVCE中基于可信评价的资源调度研究.计算机学报,2007,30(10):1750-1762.
36 R. Buyya, D. Abramson, and J. Giddy.Nimrod-G:An Architecture for a Resource Management and Scheduling System in a Global Computational Grid.The 4th International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region (HPC Asia 2000), May 2000, Beijing, China, IEEE Computer Society Press, USA
37 Anthony Sulistio, Chee Shin Yeo, and Rajkumar Buyya.Visual Modeler for Grid Modelling and Simulation (GridSim) Toolkit, Technical Report.Grid Computing and Distributed Systems (GRIDS) Lab, Dept.of Computer Science and Software Enginee- ring,The University of Melbourne, Australia,2003:67-89
38 BRAUN TD,SIEGEL HJ,BECK N.A Comparison of Eleven Static Heuristics for Mapping a Class of Independent Tasks onto Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,2001,61(1):810-837
39 ABAWAJY JH. Fault-tolerant scheduling policy for grid computing systems. Proc IPDPS 2004. USA: IEEE Press, 2004:50-58.
40 DOGAN A, OZGUNER F. Matching and scheduling algorithms for minimizing exec- ution time and failure probability of applications in heterogeneous computing. IEEE Trans Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2002, 13(3):308-323.
41谷清范,吴介一,张飒兵.网格环境下多服务质量约束的符合调度机制.计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(12):1775-1780
42 GRANDISON T, SLOMAN M. A survey of trust in Internet applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2000,4(4): 2-16.
43 BRAUN T, SIEGEL H J, BECK N. A comparison of eleven staticheuristics for mapping a class of independent tasks onto heterogeneousdistributed computing systems[J]. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 2001, 61(6):810-837.
44 ALI S, SIEGEL H J, MAHESWARAN M. Task execution time modeling for heterogeneous computing. IPDPS Workshop on Heterogeneous Computing. Cancun, Mexico: IEEE Press, 2000:185-199.
45 Golbeck J, Parsia B, Hendler J. Trust networks on the semantic web. In: Proceedingsof Cooperative Intelligent Agents. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Sp ringer-Verlag, 2003;238-249
46 Yu Bin, SinghM P. A socialmechanism of repuration jmanagement in electronic Communities. In: Proceedings of the 4 th international Workshop on Cooperative Infomation Agents, 2000: 154-165
47 Hyo J.Song,XinLiu,Dennis Jakobsen,Ranjita Bhagwan,Xianan Zhang.The Micro Gr- id:a Scientific Tool for Modeling Computational Grids.Proceedings of Super Compu- ting 2000,2000:345-356
48 Atsuko Takefusa.Bricks:A Performance Evaluation System for Scheduling Algoriths on the Grids.JSPS Workshop on Applied Information Technology for Science,2001
49 Henri Casanova.SimGrid:A Tookit for the Simulation of Application Scheduling.Pro- Ceedings of the First IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid,2001
50柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、构架和应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003. 10-13.
51常俊胜,王怀民,尹刚.DYTrust:一种P2P系统中基于时间帧的动态信任模型.计算机学报,2006,29(8):1301-1307
52 Papazog M.P.,Georgakopoulos D..Service-oriented computing.Comunications of the ACM,2003,46(10):24-28
53 Sabata B.,Chartterjee S.,Davis M.,Sydir J.,Lawrence T..Taxonomy for QoS specificat- ions.In:Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society 3rd International Works- hop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems,Newport Beach,California,1997: 100-107
54 Jia Yu,Rajkumar Buyya,Chen Khong Tham.QoS-based scheduling of workflow applications on service grids.In:Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,Melbourne,Australia,2005:1-9
55刘寿强,潘春华,刘波等.基于行为的网格虚拟组织安全信任模型研究.计算机工程,2007,33(11):23-28
56 Czerwinski S.E.,Zhao B.Y.,Hodes T.D.,Joseph A.D,Katz R.H..An architecture for asecure service discovery service.In:Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks,Seatle,Wash,1999:24-35
57 Butt A.R.,Adabala S.,Kapadia N.H.,Figueiredo R.,Jose A.B. Fortes. Fine-Grain access control for securing shared resources in computational grids.In:Proceedings of the
16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Sysposium,Florida,USA,2002: 22-29
58王勇,胡春明,杜宗霞.服务质量感知网格工作流程.软件学报,2006,17(11): 2341- 2351
59 Jurca R,Faltings B.An incentive compatible reputation mechanism. In:Proc. of the IEEE Conf. on E-commerce,2003.285-292
60周维,罗泽,南凯,阎保平.以策略为机制的网格任务调度模型研究.计算机工程. 2007,33(7):89-91
2 Foster I,Kesselman C.what is Grid? A Three Point Checklist[EB/OL]. http://www.G- rid today.com/02/0722/10036.html,2002-7-22
3 Chen Hongtu,Maheswaran M. Distributed dynamic scheduling of composite tasks on grid computing systems //IPDPS 2002:Proceedings of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2002:88- 97
4 Min Rui,Maheswaran M. Scheduling co- reservations with priorities in grid computi- ng systems//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Gird,CCGRID 2002,2002:250-256
5 M. Blaze ,J . Feigenbaum and J . Lacy ,Decentralized trust management , Proceedings of the 17th Symposiumon Security and Privacy ,IEEE Computer Society Pre- ss ,1996:164-173
6 T.Beth ,M. Borcherding ,B. Klein ,Valuation of trust in open systems , In D.Goll man n,editor,Computer Security ESORICS′94, volume 875 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,Springer Verlag,Berlin,1994:3-18.
7 A. Abdul2Rahman,S. Hailes ,A distributed trust model , Proceedings of the 1997 New Security Paradigms Workshop ,Cumbria ,UK,ACM Press ,1997:48-60.
8 Li Xiong,Ling Liu,A reputation-based trust model for peer-to-peer e-commerce communities,E-Commerce,2003. CEC 2003 , IEEE International Conference on ,24～27 June 2003 ,2003:275-284.
9干志勤,曾国荪.网格环境下基于行为的信任评估模型.计算机应用与软件,2005, 22(2): 62-64
10王珊,高迎,程涛远,张坤龙.服务网格环境下基于行为的双层信任模型的研究.计算机应用,2005,25(9): 1974-1977
11 Rajkumar B. Economic based Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling forGridComputing . Melbourne: Monash University,2002:123-131.
12 Jarek N , Jennifer M , Jan W. Grid Resource Management State of the Art and Futur- e Trends. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004:67-74.
13郭美云,杨博,陈志刚.基于网格资源超图模型的可信任务调度.计算机工程, 2008,34(13):58-60
14 Foster I,Kesselman C.,Tsudik G. , Tuecks S. A security architecture for computation- al grids. In:Proceedings of the 5th on Computer and Communication Security,NY, US- A,1998:83-92.
15 Czerwinski S.E ,Zhao B.Y. , Hodes T.D., Joseph A.D. ,Katz R.H.. An architecture for a secure service discovery service. In:Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks, Seatle ,Wash,1999:24-29.
16 Azzedin F., Maheswaran M.. Integrating trust into grid resource management systems. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing,Vancouv- er,British Columbia,Canada,2002:47-54.
17 Humphrey M.,Thompson M.R..Security implication of typical grid computing usage scenario . In:Proceedings of the IEEE HPDC,San Francisco,CA,2001:95-103.
18 Abawajy J.H.. Fault-tolerant scheduling policy for grid computing systems. In: Proce- edings of the 18th IEEE International Parallel & Distributled Processing Sysmposiu- m ,Santa Fe,New Mexico,2004:50-58
19 Song S.,Kwok Y.K.,Hwang K..Tusted job scheduling in open computational grids: Security-driven heuristics and a fast genetic algorithm.In: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel & Distibuted Processing Symposium, Denver,CO, USA, 2005:33-40
20 Li K.,He Y.,Liu X..Security-driven scheduling algorithms based on engentrust in grid.In:Procedings of the 6th International Conference of Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies, Denver,USA,2005:1068-1072
21袁禄来,曾国荪,姜黎立,蒋昌俊.网格环境下基于信任模型的动态级调度.计算机学报,2006,29(7): 1217-1224
22张伟哲,刘欣然,云晓春,等.信任驱动的网格任务调度算法.通信学报, 2006, 27(2):73-79.
23董国防,宋秀红,师恩培.网格环境下基于信任机制的资源调度研究.计算机科学与探索.2008.2 (2):217-224
24 Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman. The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing.Infrastruc- ure. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,Inc.,1999:3-20.
25 Ian Foster, C. Kesselman, S. Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Vi- rtual Organization. International Supercomputer Applications,2001, 15(3):45-53
26都志辉,陈渝,刘鹏等.网格计算.北京:清华大学出版社.2002:9-12.
27 Ian Foster,K.Czajkowski,D.E.Ferguson,etc.Modeling and managing State in distribut- ed systems: the role of OGSI and WSRF.Proceedings of the IEEE,2005.
28 Kamalsinh F.Chavda.Anatomy of a Web services.The Jounral of Computing in Small Coleges,2004,19(3):124-133
29 D.Talia.The Open Grid Services Architecture:where the grid meets the Web.Procee- ding of IEEE on Internet Computing.2002.67-71.
30 I. Foster C.Kesselman J.Nick and S.Tuecke.The Physiology of the Grid:An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. Open Grid Service Infrastr- ucture WG,Global Grid Formn.Ju ne 22,2002.
31 Ching Lin,Vijay Varadharajan and Yan Wang. Enhancing Grid Security with Trust Management.in Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Service Computing.2004.
32 Josang A.The right type of trust for distributed systems.In:Meadows,C,ed.Proceedings of the 1996 New Security Paradigms Workshop.Lake Arrowhead, CA:ACMPress. 1996:144-156.
33 Farag Azzedin and Muthucumaru Maheswaran,Evolving and Managing Trust in Grid Computing Systems,IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical&Computer Engineering (CCECE'02),2002:1424-1429
34 L Rasmusson,S.Janssen.Simulated Social Control for Secure Internet Commerce.In Catherine Meadows,editor,Proceedings of the 1996 New Security Paradigms Worksh- op.ACM,1996:234-256.
35邓晓衡,卢锡城,王怀民.iVCE中基于可信评价的资源调度研究.计算机学报,2007,30(10):1750-1762.
36 R. Buyya, D. Abramson, and J. Giddy.Nimrod-G:An Architecture for a Resource Management and Scheduling System in a Global Computational Grid.The 4th International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region (HPC Asia 2000), May 2000, Beijing, China, IEEE Computer Society Press, USA
37 Anthony Sulistio, Chee Shin Yeo, and Rajkumar Buyya.Visual Modeler for Grid Modelling and Simulation (GridSim) Toolkit, Technical Report.Grid Computing and Distributed Systems (GRIDS) Lab, Dept.of Computer Science and Software Enginee- ring,The University of Melbourne, Australia,2003:67-89
38 BRAUN TD,SIEGEL HJ,BECK N.A Comparison of Eleven Static Heuristics for Mapping a Class of Independent Tasks onto Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,2001,61(1):810-837
39 ABAWAJY JH. Fault-tolerant scheduling policy for grid computing systems. Proc IPDPS 2004. USA: IEEE Press, 2004:50-58.
40 DOGAN A, OZGUNER F. Matching and scheduling algorithms for minimizing exec- ution time and failure probability of applications in heterogeneous computing. IEEE Trans Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2002, 13(3):308-323.
41谷清范,吴介一,张飒兵.网格环境下多服务质量约束的符合调度机制.计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(12):1775-1780
42 GRANDISON T, SLOMAN M. A survey of trust in Internet applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2000,4(4): 2-16.
43 BRAUN T, SIEGEL H J, BECK N. A comparison of eleven staticheuristics for mapping a class of independent tasks onto heterogeneousdistributed computing systems[J]. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 2001, 61(6):810-837.
44 ALI S, SIEGEL H J, MAHESWARAN M. Task execution time modeling for heterogeneous computing. IPDPS Workshop on Heterogeneous Computing. Cancun, Mexico: IEEE Press, 2000:185-199.
45 Golbeck J, Parsia B, Hendler J. Trust networks on the semantic web. In: Proceedingsof Cooperative Intelligent Agents. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Sp ringer-Verlag, 2003;238-249
46 Yu Bin, SinghM P. A socialmechanism of repuration jmanagement in electronic Communities. In: Proceedings of the 4 th international Workshop on Cooperative Infomation Agents, 2000: 154-165
47 Hyo J.Song,XinLiu,Dennis Jakobsen,Ranjita Bhagwan,Xianan Zhang.The Micro Gr- id:a Scientific Tool for Modeling Computational Grids.Proceedings of Super Compu- ting 2000,2000:345-356
48 Atsuko Takefusa.Bricks:A Performance Evaluation System for Scheduling Algoriths on the Grids.JSPS Workshop on Applied Information Technology for Science,2001
49 Henri Casanova.SimGrid:A Tookit for the Simulation of Application Scheduling.Pro- Ceedings of the First IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid,2001
50柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、构架和应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003. 10-13.
51常俊胜,王怀民,尹刚.DYTrust:一种P2P系统中基于时间帧的动态信任模型.计算机学报,2006,29(8):1301-1307
52 Papazog M.P.,Georgakopoulos D..Service-oriented computing.Comunications of the ACM,2003,46(10):24-28
53 Sabata B.,Chartterjee S.,Davis M.,Sydir J.,Lawrence T..Taxonomy for QoS specificat- ions.In:Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society 3rd International Works- hop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems,Newport Beach,California,1997: 100-107
54 Jia Yu,Rajkumar Buyya,Chen Khong Tham.QoS-based scheduling of workflow applications on service grids.In:Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,Melbourne,Australia,2005:1-9
55刘寿强,潘春华,刘波等.基于行为的网格虚拟组织安全信任模型研究.计算机工程,2007,33(11):23-28
56 Czerwinski S.E.,Zhao B.Y.,Hodes T.D.,Joseph A.D,Katz R.H..An architecture for asecure service discovery service.In:Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks,Seatle,Wash,1999:24-35
57 Butt A.R.,Adabala S.,Kapadia N.H.,Figueiredo R.,Jose A.B. Fortes. Fine-Grain access control for securing shared resources in computational grids.In:Proceedings of the
16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Sysposium,Florida,USA,2002: 22-29
58王勇,胡春明,杜宗霞.服务质量感知网格工作流程.软件学报,2006,17(11): 2341- 2351
59 Jurca R,Faltings B.An incentive compatible reputation mechanism. In:Proc. of the IEEE Conf. on E-commerce,2003.285-292
60周维,罗泽,南凯,阎保平.以策略为机制的网格任务调度模型研究.计算机工程. 2007,33(7):89-91
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |