鸡舍环境优化制剂及龙舌兰科皂苷对蛋鸡免疫功能影响的研究
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摘要
本试验根据中药学和微生态学理论,研制了一种中药微生态制剂,并探讨了该“制剂”对鸡舍环境的优化除臭作用,以及其中药成分对雏鸡免疫功能和肠道微生物的影响。本研究内容分为二部分:
1.中药属植物和微生态制剂对鸡舍环境优化作用的研究
通过在鸡饲料中加入中药植物和微生态制剂,采用不同的添加水平饲喂15日龄AA肉鸡,连喂四周,采用可见光分光光度法测定鸡舍内氨气浓度。设对照组1个组,试验组为8个组:1组为对照组,2组为添加150mg/kg中药粉末,3组为添加220mg/kg中药粉末,4组为添加300mg/kg中药粉末,5组为添加400mg/kg中药粉末,6组为添加0.5g/kg微生态制剂,7组为添加1.0g/kg微生态制剂,8组为添加3.0g/kg微生态制剂,9组为添加300mg/kg中药粉末和3.0g/kg微生态制剂,利用生物统计学方差分析比较鸡舍内的氨气浓度。
结果表明,2、3、4、5、8、9组较1组差异显著(P<0.01),但4、5、8、9组效果更好。与对照组比较,试验组添加不同剂量的中药粉末,均明显降低鸡舍氨气浓度,且随着添加水平的增加效果显著;而本试验低添加水平的微生态制剂则由于未能达到一定的活菌数量,故对鸡舍环境的改善不明显,较高剂量微生态制剂则对鸡舍氨气浓度的降低较明显。而试验中中药粉末和微生态制剂的混和物,也明显改善了鸡舍环境。总之,中药植物和微生态制剂均能使鸡舍内氨气浓度降低,使鸡舍环境得到很大程度的改善。
2.中药属植物提取物对蛋鸡免疫功能及肠道微生物的影响
本试验选择1日龄海兰褐蛋鸡公雏120只,随机分为对照组和试验组,全群饲喂雏鸡配合颗粒料,7日龄时以50mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg三个不同的剂量添加龙舌兰科植物提取物皂苷,饲喂至45日龄。于雏鸡7日龄时接种鸡新城疫疫苗,利用血凝抑制试验检测血清中的血凝抑制抗体的效价。分别定期称重、捕杀,分别取脾、胸腺、法氏囊称重,计算上述免疫器官指数;取肠道内容物计数大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。结果表明,不同剂量的龙舌兰科皂苷提取物均能不同程度地提高病毒抗原性抗体效价,对蛋鸡免疫器官的发育以及肠道内环境、菌群的平衡也有一定影响。
通过以上试验,我们发现在饲料中添加适当剂量的中药属植物和微生态制剂可以对鸡舍环境起到改善作用;而且龙舌兰科植物提取物有较高的生物学活性,其皂苷可以提高蛋鸡免疫ND疫苗的抗体水平,改善肠道内环境。因此,利用龙舌兰科植物提取物皂苷作为除臭剂及免疫增强剂进行开发具有广阔的应用前景。然而不同的龙舌兰科植物一般存在差别,生物活性也会存在一定差异,因此对于龙舌兰科植物皂苷的结构分析及功能还有待于进一步研究。
We prepare a kind of praeparatum made up of Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics by science of Chinese medicinal material and microecology. Also,we approach the deodorization of the praeparation on the environment of chicken house and effects of medicinal material extractive on the immune function and intestinal bacterial of chicken .The contents which have been done were as follows:
1. Study of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Microecologics on Improving the Environment of Chicken House.
With Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics added in the feedstuff, the AA chicken at the age of 15 days were fed on different additive levels within four weeks .The concentration of NH3 in the henhouses were determined by visible spectrophotometry. There were one control group and eight test groups : the first who was the control group , the second added Chinese medicinal materials at the level of 150mg/kg,the third 220mg/kg,the forth 300mg/kg,the fifth 400mg/kg,the sixth added microecologics at the level of 0.5g/kg,the seventh 1.0g/kg,the eighth 3.0g/kg and the ninth added at the level of Chinese medicinal materials 300mg/kg and microecologics 3g/kg. And we could compare the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses with ANOVO of biostatistics.
The consequence indicated that the group of second、third、forth、fifth、eighth、ninth means difference significantly compared with the first one(P<0.01),but the group of eighth、ninth is better.Compared with the control group ,Chinese medicinal materials with different dose of test groups ,can make the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses lower and can make the effectiveness more significant at higher additive levels.Without enough viable count ,microecologics at the level of lower additive levels don,t make the environment improve . microecologics at higher additive levels can make the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses lower.And the mixture of Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics in this experiment also can make the environment improve.In a word , Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics could make the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses lower and make the environment improve to a high degree.
2.Effects of Medicinal Materials Extractive on the Immune Function and Intestinal Bacterial of Layers.
The 120 one-day-layers were randomly allocated to four groups ,fed with chicken matching feed supplemented saponin of century plant extractive with different doses of 50mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg. And the layers were fed from 7 days to 45 days with three different doses.There were one control group and three test groups in this experiment. Layers were immuned with ND-LaSota at the age of 7days.The HI antibody titer were detected in the serum of ?-micromethod of HI.The spleen、the chest gland and the bursa of fabricius were regularly selected. The indexes of the immune organs were caculated. The bacteriolozical examinations of E.coli and Salmonellosis were done with instestinal contents,at the same time.The result showed that to some degree,different doses of saponin of century plant extractive can improve the antibody titer of viral antigen.Layers organ growth , instestinal environment and the balance of instestinal bacterial flora had also been influenced to some extent.
It could be concluded that the proper doses of medicinal materials and microecologics could make the environment of henhouses improve. Century plant extractive had better biology-activity. Layers which were immuned with ND vaccine,antibody titer could be increased because of adding saponin of century plant extractive.And the instestinal environment was improved.Therefore, saponin of century plant extractive could be widely used as antibromic and immune intersifier.However diverse century plant had different compotent and structure,then discrepancy in biology-activity.Further study should be done about structure analysis and function of saponin of century plant extractive.
1.中药属植物和微生态制剂对鸡舍环境优化作用的研究
通过在鸡饲料中加入中药植物和微生态制剂,采用不同的添加水平饲喂15日龄AA肉鸡,连喂四周,采用可见光分光光度法测定鸡舍内氨气浓度。设对照组1个组,试验组为8个组:1组为对照组,2组为添加150mg/kg中药粉末,3组为添加220mg/kg中药粉末,4组为添加300mg/kg中药粉末,5组为添加400mg/kg中药粉末,6组为添加0.5g/kg微生态制剂,7组为添加1.0g/kg微生态制剂,8组为添加3.0g/kg微生态制剂,9组为添加300mg/kg中药粉末和3.0g/kg微生态制剂,利用生物统计学方差分析比较鸡舍内的氨气浓度。
结果表明,2、3、4、5、8、9组较1组差异显著(P<0.01),但4、5、8、9组效果更好。与对照组比较,试验组添加不同剂量的中药粉末,均明显降低鸡舍氨气浓度,且随着添加水平的增加效果显著;而本试验低添加水平的微生态制剂则由于未能达到一定的活菌数量,故对鸡舍环境的改善不明显,较高剂量微生态制剂则对鸡舍氨气浓度的降低较明显。而试验中中药粉末和微生态制剂的混和物,也明显改善了鸡舍环境。总之,中药植物和微生态制剂均能使鸡舍内氨气浓度降低,使鸡舍环境得到很大程度的改善。
2.中药属植物提取物对蛋鸡免疫功能及肠道微生物的影响
本试验选择1日龄海兰褐蛋鸡公雏120只,随机分为对照组和试验组,全群饲喂雏鸡配合颗粒料,7日龄时以50mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg三个不同的剂量添加龙舌兰科植物提取物皂苷,饲喂至45日龄。于雏鸡7日龄时接种鸡新城疫疫苗,利用血凝抑制试验检测血清中的血凝抑制抗体的效价。分别定期称重、捕杀,分别取脾、胸腺、法氏囊称重,计算上述免疫器官指数;取肠道内容物计数大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。结果表明,不同剂量的龙舌兰科皂苷提取物均能不同程度地提高病毒抗原性抗体效价,对蛋鸡免疫器官的发育以及肠道内环境、菌群的平衡也有一定影响。
通过以上试验,我们发现在饲料中添加适当剂量的中药属植物和微生态制剂可以对鸡舍环境起到改善作用;而且龙舌兰科植物提取物有较高的生物学活性,其皂苷可以提高蛋鸡免疫ND疫苗的抗体水平,改善肠道内环境。因此,利用龙舌兰科植物提取物皂苷作为除臭剂及免疫增强剂进行开发具有广阔的应用前景。然而不同的龙舌兰科植物一般存在差别,生物活性也会存在一定差异,因此对于龙舌兰科植物皂苷的结构分析及功能还有待于进一步研究。
We prepare a kind of praeparatum made up of Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics by science of Chinese medicinal material and microecology. Also,we approach the deodorization of the praeparation on the environment of chicken house and effects of medicinal material extractive on the immune function and intestinal bacterial of chicken .The contents which have been done were as follows:
1. Study of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Microecologics on Improving the Environment of Chicken House.
With Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics added in the feedstuff, the AA chicken at the age of 15 days were fed on different additive levels within four weeks .The concentration of NH3 in the henhouses were determined by visible spectrophotometry. There were one control group and eight test groups : the first who was the control group , the second added Chinese medicinal materials at the level of 150mg/kg,the third 220mg/kg,the forth 300mg/kg,the fifth 400mg/kg,the sixth added microecologics at the level of 0.5g/kg,the seventh 1.0g/kg,the eighth 3.0g/kg and the ninth added at the level of Chinese medicinal materials 300mg/kg and microecologics 3g/kg. And we could compare the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses with ANOVO of biostatistics.
The consequence indicated that the group of second、third、forth、fifth、eighth、ninth means difference significantly compared with the first one(P<0.01),but the group of eighth、ninth is better.Compared with the control group ,Chinese medicinal materials with different dose of test groups ,can make the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses lower and can make the effectiveness more significant at higher additive levels.Without enough viable count ,microecologics at the level of lower additive levels don,t make the environment improve . microecologics at higher additive levels can make the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses lower.And the mixture of Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics in this experiment also can make the environment improve.In a word , Chinese medicinal materials and microecologics could make the concentration of NH3 in the henhouses lower and make the environment improve to a high degree.
2.Effects of Medicinal Materials Extractive on the Immune Function and Intestinal Bacterial of Layers.
The 120 one-day-layers were randomly allocated to four groups ,fed with chicken matching feed supplemented saponin of century plant extractive with different doses of 50mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg. And the layers were fed from 7 days to 45 days with three different doses.There were one control group and three test groups in this experiment. Layers were immuned with ND-LaSota at the age of 7days.The HI antibody titer were detected in the serum of ?-micromethod of HI.The spleen、the chest gland and the bursa of fabricius were regularly selected. The indexes of the immune organs were caculated. The bacteriolozical examinations of E.coli and Salmonellosis were done with instestinal contents,at the same time.The result showed that to some degree,different doses of saponin of century plant extractive can improve the antibody titer of viral antigen.Layers organ growth , instestinal environment and the balance of instestinal bacterial flora had also been influenced to some extent.
It could be concluded that the proper doses of medicinal materials and microecologics could make the environment of henhouses improve. Century plant extractive had better biology-activity. Layers which were immuned with ND vaccine,antibody titer could be increased because of adding saponin of century plant extractive.And the instestinal environment was improved.Therefore, saponin of century plant extractive could be widely used as antibromic and immune intersifier.However diverse century plant had different compotent and structure,then discrepancy in biology-activity.Further study should be done about structure analysis and function of saponin of century plant extractive.
引文
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