榆树林油田单管电加热集油工艺研究
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摘要
单管电加热集油工艺是开发高寒、低渗透、低产和零散小区块油层的一种经济有效的集输流程,大庆榆树林油田正在应用这种集输流程。因此研究单管电加热集油流程中相关参数的优选,对指导榆树林油田的输油生产、管道安全运行和节能降耗具有重要意义。
本文结合油田生产实际需要,优化了管径、流速、压力等单管电加热集油参数;根据流体在多层圆筒壁圆管中流动的导热热流量公式,得出了油井产出液在管道中流动时管道最大散热量,即加热功率计算公式;应用选定的加热功率,建立了单管电加热管道的温降计算公式,给出了相应的数值计算方法;以多井集中拉油方式取代了单井拉油方式;为榆树林油田单管电加热集油工艺制定了设计方案,并对其进行了经济评价。
由上述研究成果对榆树林油田七口油井的单管电加热集油流程进行了试运行,结果表明:数值计算的管道出口温度与实际测得的管道出口温度的相对百分比误差在5%以内,验证了本文给出的加热功率计算公式、温降计算公式及相应数值计算方法的正确性;多井集中拉油方式充分发挥了新型油井密封储油装置的全部优点,且电加热总费用较单井拉油降低了23.9%;电加热管道在对油井产出液输送的升温、伴热、解堵等方面可以满足生产需要。
Oil gathering technology of single electrothermal pipe which is being used in Yushulin Oilfield is a cost-effective oil gathering flow in developing subnival belt、low permeable sublayer、low productivity layer and subregion layer. Therefore, researches on the optimization of parameters of oil gathering flow of single electrothermal pipe are of significance to direct oil transportation and production, management security and energy saving.
Combined with the practical needs of oil field, the parameters of oil gathering of single electrothermal pipe, such as the diameter of pipe、velocity of flow and pressure were optimized. The calculation formula of the maximum conductive heat quantity, which is the calculation formula of heating power, for the flow of the produced liquid in the pipe of the oil well was obtained, according to the formula of conductive heat quantity for the flow of the fluid in multilayer pipe. The calculation formula of the temperature drop of the single electrothermal pipe flow using the chosen heating power was established, and the corresponding method of numerical calculation was given. The method of single well shares one oil storage tank was replaced by the method of multiwell share one oil storage tank. The design scheme of oil gathering technology of single electrothermal pipe of Yushulin Oilfield was constituted, and the economic assessment was given.
The oil gathering flow of single electrothermal pipe of the 7 wells was operated in Yushulin Oilfield practically, according to above research production. The results show that the relative percent errors between the calculated temperature values at the exit of the pipe and the measured those are within 5%, which proves the calculation formula of heating power、the calculation formula of temperature drop and the corresponding method of numerical calculation given in this paper are correct. All the excellences of the new hermetic oil storage tank using the method of multiwell share one oil storage tank were exerted adequately, and compared with the method of single well shares one oil storage tank, the cost of the method of multiwell share one oil storage tank was decreased by 23.9%. Electrothermal pipe can satisfy the need of production in rising temperature、heating and broken down of transportation of the produced liquid.
本文结合油田生产实际需要,优化了管径、流速、压力等单管电加热集油参数;根据流体在多层圆筒壁圆管中流动的导热热流量公式,得出了油井产出液在管道中流动时管道最大散热量,即加热功率计算公式;应用选定的加热功率,建立了单管电加热管道的温降计算公式,给出了相应的数值计算方法;以多井集中拉油方式取代了单井拉油方式;为榆树林油田单管电加热集油工艺制定了设计方案,并对其进行了经济评价。
由上述研究成果对榆树林油田七口油井的单管电加热集油流程进行了试运行,结果表明:数值计算的管道出口温度与实际测得的管道出口温度的相对百分比误差在5%以内,验证了本文给出的加热功率计算公式、温降计算公式及相应数值计算方法的正确性;多井集中拉油方式充分发挥了新型油井密封储油装置的全部优点,且电加热总费用较单井拉油降低了23.9%;电加热管道在对油井产出液输送的升温、伴热、解堵等方面可以满足生产需要。
Oil gathering technology of single electrothermal pipe which is being used in Yushulin Oilfield is a cost-effective oil gathering flow in developing subnival belt、low permeable sublayer、low productivity layer and subregion layer. Therefore, researches on the optimization of parameters of oil gathering flow of single electrothermal pipe are of significance to direct oil transportation and production, management security and energy saving.
Combined with the practical needs of oil field, the parameters of oil gathering of single electrothermal pipe, such as the diameter of pipe、velocity of flow and pressure were optimized. The calculation formula of the maximum conductive heat quantity, which is the calculation formula of heating power, for the flow of the produced liquid in the pipe of the oil well was obtained, according to the formula of conductive heat quantity for the flow of the fluid in multilayer pipe. The calculation formula of the temperature drop of the single electrothermal pipe flow using the chosen heating power was established, and the corresponding method of numerical calculation was given. The method of single well shares one oil storage tank was replaced by the method of multiwell share one oil storage tank. The design scheme of oil gathering technology of single electrothermal pipe of Yushulin Oilfield was constituted, and the economic assessment was given.
The oil gathering flow of single electrothermal pipe of the 7 wells was operated in Yushulin Oilfield practically, according to above research production. The results show that the relative percent errors between the calculated temperature values at the exit of the pipe and the measured those are within 5%, which proves the calculation formula of heating power、the calculation formula of temperature drop and the corresponding method of numerical calculation given in this paper are correct. All the excellences of the new hermetic oil storage tank using the method of multiwell share one oil storage tank were exerted adequately, and compared with the method of single well shares one oil storage tank, the cost of the method of multiwell share one oil storage tank was decreased by 23.9%. Electrothermal pipe can satisfy the need of production in rising temperature、heating and broken down of transportation of the produced liquid.
引文
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[3]COULTER D M,BARDON M F.Revised equation improves flowing gas temperature prediction[J].Oil & Gas Journal,1979,2(26):107-108
[4]THOMAS,GOULD L.Compositional two-phase flow in pipelines[J].JPT,1979,3:373-384
[5]FURUKAWA H.A study of compositional two-phase flow in pipelines[J].M.S.Thesis,U of Tulsa,Tulsa,OK,1982
[6]FURUKAWA H,SHOHAM O,BRILL J P.Prediction compositional two-phase flow behavior in pipelines[M].Pipeline Engineering Symposium,1985,2:17-21
[7]PHUNG D T,KARIMOV M F,VIETSOVPETRO J V.Computer simulation of thermo hydrodynamic and technological processes in active subsea oil pipelines[R].SPE 68685,2001:17-19
[8]ERICKSON D D,MAIM C.A transient multiphase temperature prediction program[R].SPE 24790,1992:251-264
[9]ALVES I N.Modelagem composici6nal do escoamento bif(?)sico annlar[J].M.S.Thesis,U.Federal de Ouro Preto,Ouro Preto,Brazil,1987
[10]ALVES I N,ALHANATL F J S,SHOHAM OVADIA.A unified model for predicting flowing temperature distribution in well bores and pipelines[R].SPE 20432 1992:363-384
[11]SWAMEE,PRABHATA K.Design of a submarine oil pipeline[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1993,119(1):159-170
[12]刘征夫,陈世一.成品油管网水力计算的有限单元法[J].石油化工高等学校学报,1995,8(3):34-37
[13]侯连荣,李津,董万成.长输热油管道水力和热力计算[J].油气储运,1996,15(3):12-15
[14]吴照云,项新耀,刘富润.集油系统运行方式与用能关系的探讨[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(1):12
[15]赵洪激,刘扬.热水伴随集油流程管网系统参数计算[J].天然气与石油,2000,18(1):10-14
[16]李南生,李洪升,丁德文.浅埋集输管线拟稳态温度场及热工计算[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(1):65-71
[17]安家荣.长距离输油管道设计计算软件的开发[J].油气储运,2000,19(2):20-24
[18]吴国忠,李栋,齐晗兵.地下盗油管道与埋地输油管道地表温度场数值模拟[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(5):815-817
[19]JAMES E P.Use of electric immersion heating elements in oilfield heater-treaters[R].SPE 10379 1981:199-202
[20]赵晓刚.集肤电伴热管路设计施工中的技术问题及处理方法[J].油气田地面工程,1995,14(5):11-13
[21]姚哲,潘翼翔.管道输油生产实行热电结合的可行性研究[J].带能,1998(3):3-7
[22]王照亮,梁金国,王弥康.电伴热采油和输油工程设计[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(2):35-37
[23]包觉兴.电伴热油气储运节能的新技术[J].石油商技,1998(2):28-32
[24]刘春阳.电伴热原理及其一般用法[J].中国海上油气(工程),1998,10(6):14-17
[25]那艳菊,王向阳,马飞跃.用电热带伴热保温替代蒸汽伴热保温[J].聚氯乙烯,1998(3):17-20
[26]穆建邦,陈辉,李晶,史宝光,吴淑蓉.电加热工艺在孤岛油田的应用[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(3):19-21
[27]苑井玉,姜红,李玉春.如何处理电加热集油流程存在的技术问题[J].油气田地面工程,2000,19(3):20-24
[28]王权杰,钱全兴,刘振明.大庆外围油田地面工艺技术探讨[J].石油规划设计,2000,11(6):19-20
[29]时卫玲.电伴热技术在输油管道上的应用[J].石油化工自动化,、2000,4:82-83
[30]王江宽,曹继红,平会改,乔文彪,赵国胜,张作阳.电加热式油井套管气调压回收装置的现场应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(1):79-80
[31]王殿生,陈月明,关继腾.电加热油藏采油物理模拟研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2):54-58
[32]丁亚男,李志,许春广.单管电加热集油工艺在外围油田的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(5):19-23
[33]孙云峰,韩祥慧,曲森.电热管道单管自压集油试验的可行性[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(4):14-27
[34]高兆鑫.埋地管道电伴热带和聚氨酯泡沫保温层的施工方法[J].石油工程建设,2001,10(5):41-43
[35]马贵明,韩琴.油藏电加热工艺在国外的应用与进展[J].油气井测试,2002,11(2):62-64
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