大庆油田典型含油固废热解处理及资源化探讨
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摘要
随着石油勘探开发及生产活动的增加,产生的含油固废不断增加,对环境造成的污染日益严重。含油固废又是宝贵的二次资源。对含油固废,进行有组织的收集,并开发研究出经济实用的方法进行无害化、资源化处理,不仅可回收大量的能源,产生一定的经济效益,而且能减轻污染,产生巨大的环境效益和社会效益。
本文综述了含油污泥的主要来源、性质及危害,并对国内外主要的含油污泥处理技术及应用情况进行来简单介绍。对大庆市存在的典型含油污泥储油罐罐底泥、落地油泥和含油污水处理厂脱水污泥进行了组成成分分析。
针对几种典型的含油固废进行了热解法处理可行性的试验。通过GHM烃分析仪对几种含油固废进行分析,结果表明在100℃~300℃,挥发产物中含有大量的C23以下的正构烷烃;在300℃~550℃,含油固废中的有机物发裂解反应,产生较高含量的烯烃,其中碳原子数小于23的烃类可以占到裂解产物的80%以上。
针对含油率高的罐底泥,本文在热解装置上进行了含油污泥批量热解试验研究。结果表明反应终温对反应进程和产物分布有较大的影响,最后确定反应终温为550℃,该温度下固体产物产率约35%,液相产物可达50%,该温度以后固体产物产率随着温度的升高虽略有减少,但已不明显,也没能有效收集到冷凝产物。热解产物中热解油份有很好的利用价值;固体产物中金属元素略有富集,但重金属含量不高;气体产物中也有很多有利用价值的CH4、C2H4等有机气体。热解处理对高含油率的含油污泥有很好的应用价值,对反应过程中的能量平衡等需要进一步的实验研究。
It is obvious that the increasing amount of oil soild waste aggravated the environmental pollution,which is deteriorated along with the exploration and development of oil field . Oily sludge can not only make the environment polluted but also might be a waste of resource if it is discharged directly without any treatment measures. We can receive some economic benefit and environmental benefit if we take some proper measures to treat these oily sludge.
The oily sludge’s source, character and harmness to environment are summarized in this thesis and various ways of prent oily sludge disposal, advantages and disadvantages of each technology, techonic nodus and economic feasibility have been categorized in this paper. Some types of representative oily sludge, ground crude oil, sludge from the bottom of oil storage tanks,dewatering sludge of oily wastewater treatment plant are chosen in the tests.
Pyrolysis of oily sludge is one of most promising alternative to remove the volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds from the solid waste and recover the energy in the gaseous and liquid products, with the minimum pollution to the environment. The experiment of pyrolysis of oily sludge is carried out to the representative oily sludge of Daqing by the GHM (Geohydrocarbon meter). It indicates that the products at 100℃~300℃have lot of alkane that carbon number is less than 23; the products at 300℃~550℃is mainly pyrolytic oil and more than 80% organic matter carbon number is less than 23.
In this thesis,oily sludge was pyrolyzed in a round reaction without oxygen atmosphere, which can be regarded as a simplified model of commercial pyrolyzer. Finaly we found if the temperature is more than 550℃, about 35%(mass) of solid residue, 50%(mass) of liquid products were produced and there were large amount of CH4, C2H4 and some C3H6, etc.The gaseous and liquid products can be reused easily. The metal contents of solid residue was analyzed, heavy metal contents is not high.
本文综述了含油污泥的主要来源、性质及危害,并对国内外主要的含油污泥处理技术及应用情况进行来简单介绍。对大庆市存在的典型含油污泥储油罐罐底泥、落地油泥和含油污水处理厂脱水污泥进行了组成成分分析。
针对几种典型的含油固废进行了热解法处理可行性的试验。通过GHM烃分析仪对几种含油固废进行分析,结果表明在100℃~300℃,挥发产物中含有大量的C23以下的正构烷烃;在300℃~550℃,含油固废中的有机物发裂解反应,产生较高含量的烯烃,其中碳原子数小于23的烃类可以占到裂解产物的80%以上。
针对含油率高的罐底泥,本文在热解装置上进行了含油污泥批量热解试验研究。结果表明反应终温对反应进程和产物分布有较大的影响,最后确定反应终温为550℃,该温度下固体产物产率约35%,液相产物可达50%,该温度以后固体产物产率随着温度的升高虽略有减少,但已不明显,也没能有效收集到冷凝产物。热解产物中热解油份有很好的利用价值;固体产物中金属元素略有富集,但重金属含量不高;气体产物中也有很多有利用价值的CH4、C2H4等有机气体。热解处理对高含油率的含油污泥有很好的应用价值,对反应过程中的能量平衡等需要进一步的实验研究。
It is obvious that the increasing amount of oil soild waste aggravated the environmental pollution,which is deteriorated along with the exploration and development of oil field . Oily sludge can not only make the environment polluted but also might be a waste of resource if it is discharged directly without any treatment measures. We can receive some economic benefit and environmental benefit if we take some proper measures to treat these oily sludge.
The oily sludge’s source, character and harmness to environment are summarized in this thesis and various ways of prent oily sludge disposal, advantages and disadvantages of each technology, techonic nodus and economic feasibility have been categorized in this paper. Some types of representative oily sludge, ground crude oil, sludge from the bottom of oil storage tanks,dewatering sludge of oily wastewater treatment plant are chosen in the tests.
Pyrolysis of oily sludge is one of most promising alternative to remove the volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds from the solid waste and recover the energy in the gaseous and liquid products, with the minimum pollution to the environment. The experiment of pyrolysis of oily sludge is carried out to the representative oily sludge of Daqing by the GHM (Geohydrocarbon meter). It indicates that the products at 100℃~300℃have lot of alkane that carbon number is less than 23; the products at 300℃~550℃is mainly pyrolytic oil and more than 80% organic matter carbon number is less than 23.
In this thesis,oily sludge was pyrolyzed in a round reaction without oxygen atmosphere, which can be regarded as a simplified model of commercial pyrolyzer. Finaly we found if the temperature is more than 550℃, about 35%(mass) of solid residue, 50%(mass) of liquid products were produced and there were large amount of CH4, C2H4 and some C3H6, etc.The gaseous and liquid products can be reused easily. The metal contents of solid residue was analyzed, heavy metal contents is not high.
引文
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