长江口滨外泥质区末次冰消期以来沉积特征与沉积环境演化
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摘要
长江口滨外泥质区是末次冰消期海侵以来的长江入海物质沉积中心和“物质汇”之一,论文对取自该泥质区的ECS-0702孔(122°40.0108′E,31°00.0041′N,孔深35.6m,水深22m) 30.8m以上岩心进行了沉积相分析并结合高分辨率的粒度分析及AMS14C测年进行了沉积单元划分。该孔岩心从上到下可以划分为DU1～DU4四个沉积单元:DU1(0-7.5m)开始形成的时间与黄河全部由淮河入南黄海的时间(公元1494年)较为一致;DU2(7.5-19.6m)为全新世海平面上升至最高位置后形成的产物(6.5-0.54 cal kyr BP);DU3(19.6-25.9m)形成于全新世早期-中期海侵期(11.6-6.5 cal kyr BP),对应于浅海沉积;DU4(25.9-30.8m)形成于13-11.6 cal kyr BP,对应于潮坪沉积。DU2单元顶部9.7m以上岩心沉积物中碳酸盐含量显著增高,且9.7m以上岩心沉积速率达到11.04mm/a,明显高于9.7m以下岩心1.73mm/a的沉积速率。结合AMS14C测年数据,我们推测9.7m处的14C年龄为822 cal yr BP左右,即公元1128年黄河开始流入南黄海的时间。黄河携带的大量物质通过黄海沿岸流的作用被带到该区沉积下来,这也是导致9.7m以上岩心沉积速率突然增大的直接原因,显然黄海沿岸流在该泥质区的沉积过程中起了重要作用。
论文对ECS-0702孔25.9m以上岩心进行了粘土矿物、全岩样矿物、常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析。结果表明,粘土矿物成分以伊利石为主(>48.8%),其次为绿泥石(16%)、蒙脱石(15.6%)、高岭石(13.8%)。以伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石+绿泥石为端元的三端元图清晰的表明黄河源物质对该区的影响较大。并用上述分析和元素之间的相关分析、微量元素聚类分析等方法对ECS-0702孔的物质来源进行了识别,表明ECS-0702孔沉积物的来源是长江和黄河的混合源。稀土元素配分模式上,球粒陨石标准化配分曲线明显右倾,轻稀土元素相对富集,反映出沉积物中等程度的Eu负异常。北美页岩和上陆壳配分曲线均近于平坦,在曲线上未见明显的Eu异常,Ce异常也不明显。论文还对ECS-0702孔进行了沉积环境分析,通过计算粒级-标准偏差获得了该孔20m以上岩心沉积物中对沉积环境变化较为敏感的粒度组分。
通过以上分析,本文对长江口滨外泥质区末次冰消期海侵以来的沉积序列进行了初步研究,并探讨了该区的物质来源以及沉积动力过程。我们认为该区物源为长江和黄河的混合源,特别是公元1128年黄河流入南黄海以来,黄海沿岸流在该区的沉积过程中起了重要作用。这与长江口以南浙闽沿岸泥质带为东亚季风驱动下沿岸流输送的长江物质的沉积过程有明显区别。
The mud area off Yangtze River estuary is one of the accumulative centers of Yangtze River sediment since the last deglaciation transgression, the core ECS-0702 (122°40.0108′E, 31°00.0041′N, core length 35.6m, water depth 22m) locates in the mud area off the Yangtze River estuary, inner shelf of the East China Sea. By sedimentary facies analysis, combing with high resolution of the sediment grain-size and AMS14C above 30.8m we divide the sedimentary units.The core can divided into four sedimentary units (DU1～DU4) from up to down. The time which DU1 unit (0-7.5m) begin to develop was in correspondence with the Yellow river flow into the south Yellow sea; DU2 unit (7.5-19.6m) formed after sea level rise to the highest in the Holocene (6.5-0.54 cal kyr BP); DU3 unit (19.6-25.9m) formed in Holocene transgression (11.6-6.5 cal kyr BP) corresponding to shallow sea environment; DU4 (25.9-30.8m) formed in the tidal flat environment (13-11.6 cal kyr BP). carbonate content obviously high above 9.7m in core ECS-0702, and sedimentary rate above 9.7m is about 11.04mm/a, but the sedimentary rate below 9.7m only 1.73mm/a. combing with AMS14C we conclude the 14C age is about 822 cal yr BP in 9.7m when Yellow river begin flow into the south Yellow sea.in A.D.1128. The Yellow river carries a large quantity of materials and deposited in the mud area off Yangtze River estuary by Yellow Sea Coastal Current.which is the immediate cause of above 9.7m sedimentary rate suddenly increase.Obviously,Yellow Sea Coastal Curren palys an important role in the mud area off Yangtze River estuary deposition process.
The clay minerals、whole rock minerals、major elements、trace elements and Rare Earth Elements (REE) of the mud in the core ECS-0702 (0～25.9m)are analyzed.The results show that the clay minerals are composed primarily of illite (generally more than 48.8%), with small amounts of chlorite (16%), smectite (15.6%) and kaolinite (13.8%). A ternary diagram of smectite, chlorite+kaolinite, and illite concentrations shows that the concentrations of the samples are quite similar to the clay concentrations derived from the Yellow River-derived sediment. Based on above studies and combing with the correlation analysis of different elements、cluster analysis of trace elements, we discussed provenance, concluded that the sediment in the mud area mainly derived from Yangtze River and Yellow River. In REE distribution patterns, the chondrite-normalized REE partition curve incline to the right, indicate that they are enriched in LREE and middle degree Eu negative abnormity. The North American shale and upper continental crust normalized REE partition curve both of even type, indicate no negative Eu and Ce anomaly.The sedimentary environment of core ECS-0702 was discussed, the grainsize compositions sensitive to the sedimentary environment in the core ECS-0702 (0～20m) were taken by the analysis of grain size grade vs.standard deviation.
Through above analyzing, this paper Preliminary study on Sedimentary Sequence since the last deglaciation transgression in the mud area off Yangtze River estuary, also study the provenance and Sedimentary Dynamic Processes of this mud area, we consider that sediment in the mud area mainly derived from Yangtze River and Yellow River. Yellow Sea Coastal Current .palys an important role in this mud area deposition process especially Yellow River begin flow into the south Yellow sea in A.D.1128. The deposition process of the mud wedge extending from the Yangtze River mouth southward off the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts is that materials of Yangtze River carried to the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts by Coastal Current which controlled by East Asian Monsoon. The deposition process between the mud area off Yangtze River estuary and Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area has obviously different.
论文对ECS-0702孔25.9m以上岩心进行了粘土矿物、全岩样矿物、常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析。结果表明,粘土矿物成分以伊利石为主(>48.8%),其次为绿泥石(16%)、蒙脱石(15.6%)、高岭石(13.8%)。以伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石+绿泥石为端元的三端元图清晰的表明黄河源物质对该区的影响较大。并用上述分析和元素之间的相关分析、微量元素聚类分析等方法对ECS-0702孔的物质来源进行了识别,表明ECS-0702孔沉积物的来源是长江和黄河的混合源。稀土元素配分模式上,球粒陨石标准化配分曲线明显右倾,轻稀土元素相对富集,反映出沉积物中等程度的Eu负异常。北美页岩和上陆壳配分曲线均近于平坦,在曲线上未见明显的Eu异常,Ce异常也不明显。论文还对ECS-0702孔进行了沉积环境分析,通过计算粒级-标准偏差获得了该孔20m以上岩心沉积物中对沉积环境变化较为敏感的粒度组分。
通过以上分析,本文对长江口滨外泥质区末次冰消期海侵以来的沉积序列进行了初步研究,并探讨了该区的物质来源以及沉积动力过程。我们认为该区物源为长江和黄河的混合源,特别是公元1128年黄河流入南黄海以来,黄海沿岸流在该区的沉积过程中起了重要作用。这与长江口以南浙闽沿岸泥质带为东亚季风驱动下沿岸流输送的长江物质的沉积过程有明显区别。
The mud area off Yangtze River estuary is one of the accumulative centers of Yangtze River sediment since the last deglaciation transgression, the core ECS-0702 (122°40.0108′E, 31°00.0041′N, core length 35.6m, water depth 22m) locates in the mud area off the Yangtze River estuary, inner shelf of the East China Sea. By sedimentary facies analysis, combing with high resolution of the sediment grain-size and AMS14C above 30.8m we divide the sedimentary units.The core can divided into four sedimentary units (DU1～DU4) from up to down. The time which DU1 unit (0-7.5m) begin to develop was in correspondence with the Yellow river flow into the south Yellow sea; DU2 unit (7.5-19.6m) formed after sea level rise to the highest in the Holocene (6.5-0.54 cal kyr BP); DU3 unit (19.6-25.9m) formed in Holocene transgression (11.6-6.5 cal kyr BP) corresponding to shallow sea environment; DU4 (25.9-30.8m) formed in the tidal flat environment (13-11.6 cal kyr BP). carbonate content obviously high above 9.7m in core ECS-0702, and sedimentary rate above 9.7m is about 11.04mm/a, but the sedimentary rate below 9.7m only 1.73mm/a. combing with AMS14C we conclude the 14C age is about 822 cal yr BP in 9.7m when Yellow river begin flow into the south Yellow sea.in A.D.1128. The Yellow river carries a large quantity of materials and deposited in the mud area off Yangtze River estuary by Yellow Sea Coastal Current.which is the immediate cause of above 9.7m sedimentary rate suddenly increase.Obviously,Yellow Sea Coastal Curren palys an important role in the mud area off Yangtze River estuary deposition process.
The clay minerals、whole rock minerals、major elements、trace elements and Rare Earth Elements (REE) of the mud in the core ECS-0702 (0～25.9m)are analyzed.The results show that the clay minerals are composed primarily of illite (generally more than 48.8%), with small amounts of chlorite (16%), smectite (15.6%) and kaolinite (13.8%). A ternary diagram of smectite, chlorite+kaolinite, and illite concentrations shows that the concentrations of the samples are quite similar to the clay concentrations derived from the Yellow River-derived sediment. Based on above studies and combing with the correlation analysis of different elements、cluster analysis of trace elements, we discussed provenance, concluded that the sediment in the mud area mainly derived from Yangtze River and Yellow River. In REE distribution patterns, the chondrite-normalized REE partition curve incline to the right, indicate that they are enriched in LREE and middle degree Eu negative abnormity. The North American shale and upper continental crust normalized REE partition curve both of even type, indicate no negative Eu and Ce anomaly.The sedimentary environment of core ECS-0702 was discussed, the grainsize compositions sensitive to the sedimentary environment in the core ECS-0702 (0～20m) were taken by the analysis of grain size grade vs.standard deviation.
Through above analyzing, this paper Preliminary study on Sedimentary Sequence since the last deglaciation transgression in the mud area off Yangtze River estuary, also study the provenance and Sedimentary Dynamic Processes of this mud area, we consider that sediment in the mud area mainly derived from Yangtze River and Yellow River. Yellow Sea Coastal Current .palys an important role in this mud area deposition process especially Yellow River begin flow into the south Yellow sea in A.D.1128. The deposition process of the mud wedge extending from the Yangtze River mouth southward off the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts is that materials of Yangtze River carried to the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts by Coastal Current which controlled by East Asian Monsoon. The deposition process between the mud area off Yangtze River estuary and Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area has obviously different.
引文
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