高光谱遥感岩矿填图应用研究
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摘要
区域地质调查是对选定地区的地质矿产情况进行的综合性调查研究工作,其开展的程度标志一个国家或地区的地质工作和研究程度的高低,是一项具有战略意义的综合性基础地质工作。随着区域地质调查工作的不断深入和空间信息技术的不断进步,地质调查成为地球观测数据最早的产业化应用之一,大比例尺区域地质填图结合现代3S(Remote Sensing RS,Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS,Geographical information System GIS)技术的需求也日益强烈。具有独特光谱优势的高光谱遥感技术结合野外验证手段进行岩矿填图,无疑是快速、准确进行大比例尺地质填图的有效途径,也是开展现代地质填图的新技术新方法之一,对于加快区调步伐,全面提高区调质量具有重要的社会、经济和战略意义。
本文围绕高光谱遥感成像光谱技术应用于岩矿信息提取与识别分类的原理、方法,详细阐述了Hyperion高光谱数据预处理的基本流程,以及野外采集地物波谱,重建地物真实波谱库的过程。在研究分析工作区岩石矿物的光谱吸收特征的基础上,对忠阳山地区岩石及金属矿物矿化蚀变信息进行了提取和分类目标识别,最后得到岩性地质分类图和蚀变矿物图,并概要分析了高光谱遥感在岩石分类、地质找矿应用中的重要作用。
取得的主要成果和认识如下:
(1)高光谱遥感技术与传统光学遥感技术相比有其独特优势。高光谱遥感图像包含了丰富的空间、辐射和光谱三重信息,在遥感图像光谱分辨率上更是实现了突破性的提高。其图谱合一的特点在传统的二维遥感图像基础上增加了光谱维,形成了一种独特的三维遥感,在区域地质填图和矿产勘探方面具有重要的应用价值。
(2)高光谱遥感在地质调查领域(地质调查、地质找矿和制图)应用空间广阔,在岩石出露程度较大的区域优势尤为明显,效果尤为突出。相对传统地质调查、找矿制图的方法,高光谱地质填图成本低、消耗低,不及传统地质填图费用的十分之一,因此,高光谱遥感具有革新传统调查方法的潜力。
(3)详细阐述了Hyperion高光谱数据??理流程??谱匹配识别技术的主要方法。通过不同方法的矿物信息提取与识别填图,经对比分析具有一定的一致性,大致确定了矿化点、矿化线索的分布范围,对研究区的地质找矿工作有一定的参考辅助价值。
(4)本文在地质环境复杂,交通不便的青藏高原实施开展高光谱遥感技术的地质填图工作,在该研究区实属新技术新方法,对辅助区域基础地质调查、矿产普查,具有重要的应用价值。
Regional geological survey of selected areas of geology and mineral resources conduct a comprehensive investigation and research work. Its conduct indicates that the level of geological research work in a country or a region. It is a comprehensive basis of geological work which has strategic significance. With the deepening of regional geological survey work and space information technology progress, the earth observation data of one of the earliest application industrialization is the Geological survey. Large-scale geological mapping combined with modern 3S (Remote Sensing RS,Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS,Geographical information System GIS) technology, have an increasingly strong demand. The use of hyperspectral remote sensing technology combined with field verification means used in rocks and minerals mapping, is an effective way of fast and accurate large-scale geological mapping. Modern geological mapping in the application of new technology and new methods,for speeding up the pace of regional geological survey, and comprehensively improve the quality of regional geological survey, have an important social, economic and strategic significance.
This article focuses on hyperspectral remote sensing imaging spectrometer technology for information extraction and identification of rock and mineral classification of the principles, methods. Described in detail of Hyperion hyperspectral data pre-processing of the basic processes, and the field collection features spectrum, reconstruction of the true spectral features of the process of the treasury. In-depth st??area of absorption characteristics of rocks and minerals, Zhong Yangshan region of rock and metal mineralization and alteration minerals information extraction, classification and target identification, finally obtained the lithologic geological classification and altered mineral mapping. Generally analysed hyperspectral remote sensing has great value in the rock classification and geological prospecting application.
The main results achieved and understanding are as follows:
(1) Hyperspectral remote sensing technology with traditional optical remote sensing technology has its unique advantages compared to. Hyperspectral remote sensing images contain a wealth of space, three-dimensional radiation and spectral information, in the spectral resolution remote sensing image is improved to achieve a breakthrough. The characteristics of spectral image in the traditional two-dimensional remote sensing based on an increase of spectral dimension, to form a unique three-dimensional remote sensing,in the regional geological mapping and mineral exploration, it has an important application value.
(2) Hyperspectral remote sensing in the field of geological survey (geological survey, geological prospecting and mapping) has a broad application space. Extent of the rocks exposed in the larger regional advantage is particularly evident, the effect is particularly prominent. Relatively traditional geological survey, prospecting mapping methods, Hyperspectral geological mapping has low cost, low consumption, less than the cost of traditional geological mapping of one-tenth. Therefore, hyperspectral remote sensing has the potential power to change the traditional survey methods.
(3) Described in detail Hyperion hyperspect??data processing and the primary means of spectral matching techniques. Taking different methods of mineral information extraction and identification mapping. By comparative analysis,some aspects of them have consistency. Generally identified mineralization, the leads of mineralization distribution. Supporting the study area of geological exploration.
(4) With the complexity of the geological environment, the inconvenience traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, using hyperspectral remote sensing technology to carry out geological mapping work in this study area is new technology and new method. The basis of supporting the regional geological survey and mineral survey, have an important application value.
本文围绕高光谱遥感成像光谱技术应用于岩矿信息提取与识别分类的原理、方法,详细阐述了Hyperion高光谱数据预处理的基本流程,以及野外采集地物波谱,重建地物真实波谱库的过程。在研究分析工作区岩石矿物的光谱吸收特征的基础上,对忠阳山地区岩石及金属矿物矿化蚀变信息进行了提取和分类目标识别,最后得到岩性地质分类图和蚀变矿物图,并概要分析了高光谱遥感在岩石分类、地质找矿应用中的重要作用。
取得的主要成果和认识如下:
(1)高光谱遥感技术与传统光学遥感技术相比有其独特优势。高光谱遥感图像包含了丰富的空间、辐射和光谱三重信息,在遥感图像光谱分辨率上更是实现了突破性的提高。其图谱合一的特点在传统的二维遥感图像基础上增加了光谱维,形成了一种独特的三维遥感,在区域地质填图和矿产勘探方面具有重要的应用价值。
(2)高光谱遥感在地质调查领域(地质调查、地质找矿和制图)应用空间广阔,在岩石出露程度较大的区域优势尤为明显,效果尤为突出。相对传统地质调查、找矿制图的方法,高光谱地质填图成本低、消耗低,不及传统地质填图费用的十分之一,因此,高光谱遥感具有革新传统调查方法的潜力。
(3)详细阐述了Hyperion高光谱数据??理流程??谱匹配识别技术的主要方法。通过不同方法的矿物信息提取与识别填图,经对比分析具有一定的一致性,大致确定了矿化点、矿化线索的分布范围,对研究区的地质找矿工作有一定的参考辅助价值。
(4)本文在地质环境复杂,交通不便的青藏高原实施开展高光谱遥感技术的地质填图工作,在该研究区实属新技术新方法,对辅助区域基础地质调查、矿产普查,具有重要的应用价值。
Regional geological survey of selected areas of geology and mineral resources conduct a comprehensive investigation and research work. Its conduct indicates that the level of geological research work in a country or a region. It is a comprehensive basis of geological work which has strategic significance. With the deepening of regional geological survey work and space information technology progress, the earth observation data of one of the earliest application industrialization is the Geological survey. Large-scale geological mapping combined with modern 3S (Remote Sensing RS,Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS,Geographical information System GIS) technology, have an increasingly strong demand. The use of hyperspectral remote sensing technology combined with field verification means used in rocks and minerals mapping, is an effective way of fast and accurate large-scale geological mapping. Modern geological mapping in the application of new technology and new methods,for speeding up the pace of regional geological survey, and comprehensively improve the quality of regional geological survey, have an important social, economic and strategic significance.
This article focuses on hyperspectral remote sensing imaging spectrometer technology for information extraction and identification of rock and mineral classification of the principles, methods. Described in detail of Hyperion hyperspectral data pre-processing of the basic processes, and the field collection features spectrum, reconstruction of the true spectral features of the process of the treasury. In-depth st??area of absorption characteristics of rocks and minerals, Zhong Yangshan region of rock and metal mineralization and alteration minerals information extraction, classification and target identification, finally obtained the lithologic geological classification and altered mineral mapping. Generally analysed hyperspectral remote sensing has great value in the rock classification and geological prospecting application.
The main results achieved and understanding are as follows:
(1) Hyperspectral remote sensing technology with traditional optical remote sensing technology has its unique advantages compared to. Hyperspectral remote sensing images contain a wealth of space, three-dimensional radiation and spectral information, in the spectral resolution remote sensing image is improved to achieve a breakthrough. The characteristics of spectral image in the traditional two-dimensional remote sensing based on an increase of spectral dimension, to form a unique three-dimensional remote sensing,in the regional geological mapping and mineral exploration, it has an important application value.
(2) Hyperspectral remote sensing in the field of geological survey (geological survey, geological prospecting and mapping) has a broad application space. Extent of the rocks exposed in the larger regional advantage is particularly evident, the effect is particularly prominent. Relatively traditional geological survey, prospecting mapping methods, Hyperspectral geological mapping has low cost, low consumption, less than the cost of traditional geological mapping of one-tenth. Therefore, hyperspectral remote sensing has the potential power to change the traditional survey methods.
(3) Described in detail Hyperion hyperspect??data processing and the primary means of spectral matching techniques. Taking different methods of mineral information extraction and identification mapping. By comparative analysis,some aspects of them have consistency. Generally identified mineralization, the leads of mineralization distribution. Supporting the study area of geological exploration.
(4) With the complexity of the geological environment, the inconvenience traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, using hyperspectral remote sensing technology to carry out geological mapping work in this study area is new technology and new method. The basis of supporting the regional geological survey and mineral survey, have an important application value.
引文
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