旅游景区（点）系统空间结构分形研究
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摘要
旅游景区(点)是旅游规划,尤其是旅游目的地规划的重点,也是旅游地理学研究中一个不可回避的内容,它是旅游者进行游览活动的物质载体,对旅游景区(点)系统进行深入的分析研究有着重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。本文以旅游景区(点)系统为研究对象,采用旅游学、系统论以及分形等理论和方法,对比分析四川省4A级景区(点)系统和国家级自然保护区系统,指出了两个系统分形特征的异同。全文共分为六章进行阐述。
第一章为导论部分。分析了本文的研究背景,对其进行研究的必要性和重要性;指出了本文研究的理论价值和现实指导意义,以及本文的主要研究方法,最后给出了本文的技术路线图。这是本文研究的出发点。
第二章为文献综述部分。本章简单介绍了与旅游景区(点)系统空间结构研究的国内外现状,由于目前专门针对旅游景区(点)系统空间结构研究的文献不多,因此,在文献综述中,主要回顾了与之相关的旅游系统、旅游空间结构、旅游目的地系统等方面的国内外研究成果。
第三章为理论基础部分。本章较为详尽的介绍了与本文研究的一些相关的理论。由于旅游活动的综合性,涉及的理论也较多,因此介绍了旅游学的一些基本理论,比如澄清了旅游与闲暇、游憩之间的区别、景点与景区之间的关系、自然保护区的概念;系统理论,包括旅游系统理论、旅游目的地系统;旅游空间结构理论;分形理论的产生及分形的特征。这些理论是本文研究的基础。
第四章为研究区域背景概况。由于本文的研究对象是四川省旅游景区(点)系统,因此,在对其进行实证分析之前,有必要简要介绍该区域的背景概况。这包括:四川省的地形地貌、自然、人文旅游资源概况、旅游业的发展概况。这是本文研究的区域背景资料。
第五章为四川省旅游景区(点)系统空间结构分形的实证研究。本章首先指出了对其进行分形研究的可行性;随后给出了本文拟采用的聚集维数、空间关联维数的基本模型及其地理意义;再通过对数据的收集与处理,对四川省4A级景区(点)系统与国家级自然保护区系统研究进行了聚集维数、空间关联维数的测算,并对计算的结果进行了对比分析,指出了二者之间分形特征的异同。这是本文研究的重点。
第六章为结语部分。本章在上一章计算分析的基础上,得出了利用分形理论对四川省4A级景区(点)系统和国家级自然保护区系统进行研究是可行的,两个系统均存在分形特征、两个系统分形的特征有差异的结论。同时指出了本文存在的几点不足。
Tourism scenic area (spot) is the key point for tourism destination development and an unavoidable topic in tourism geography research. It is the physical carrier for the traveling activity, and has important theoretical and realistic significance for the deep study of scenic spot system. Taking 4A scenic spot system in Sichuan province as a case, this paper mainly studies the spatial structure fractal of this system based on the theories of tourism, system and fractal.
The whole paper is divided into six parts. The first chapter introduces the background and importance of this study, the theoretical and realistic significance of this paper, and the methods and techniques used in this research. The second part is the summary of literatures of this field. It briefly narrates the present situation of domestic and foreign study on the spatial structure of scenic spot system. Since few studies were concerned with this topic, this part mainly reviewed the related achievements including tourism system, tourism spatial structure, tourism destination system, etc. The third chapter introduces some theories related with the study, including some fundamental tourism theories such as the difference of tourism, leisure, and recreation, the relationship between scenic spot and scenic area; systematic theory such as tourism system, tourism destination, tourism spatial structure, and fractal theory, which are the basis for the study in this paper. The fourth part demonstrates the regional background for this study, including the topography, natural and cultural tourism resource, the development of tourism industry of Sichuan province. The fifth chapter is the empirical study of the spatial structural fractal of tourism system of Sichuan province and is the focal point in this paper. It firstly points out the feasibility of the fractal study, then brings forward the basic model of the aggregation dimension and spatial correlation dimension that will be used in this paper and its geographic significance. Moreover, the aggregation dimension and spatial correlation dimension measurement of 4A scenic spot system of Sichuan province and national nature reserve system is carried out based on data collection and processing, and the fractal difference between them is pointed out by correlating and analyzing the calculated results. Based on the above calculation and analysis, the last chapter concludes that to use fractal theory to study the 4A scenic area (spot) system of Sichuan province and national nature reserve is feasible, and both of the two systems have fractal features and fractal difference between them. It also points out the deficiency of the study in this paper.
第一章为导论部分。分析了本文的研究背景,对其进行研究的必要性和重要性;指出了本文研究的理论价值和现实指导意义,以及本文的主要研究方法,最后给出了本文的技术路线图。这是本文研究的出发点。
第二章为文献综述部分。本章简单介绍了与旅游景区(点)系统空间结构研究的国内外现状,由于目前专门针对旅游景区(点)系统空间结构研究的文献不多,因此,在文献综述中,主要回顾了与之相关的旅游系统、旅游空间结构、旅游目的地系统等方面的国内外研究成果。
第三章为理论基础部分。本章较为详尽的介绍了与本文研究的一些相关的理论。由于旅游活动的综合性,涉及的理论也较多,因此介绍了旅游学的一些基本理论,比如澄清了旅游与闲暇、游憩之间的区别、景点与景区之间的关系、自然保护区的概念;系统理论,包括旅游系统理论、旅游目的地系统;旅游空间结构理论;分形理论的产生及分形的特征。这些理论是本文研究的基础。
第四章为研究区域背景概况。由于本文的研究对象是四川省旅游景区(点)系统,因此,在对其进行实证分析之前,有必要简要介绍该区域的背景概况。这包括:四川省的地形地貌、自然、人文旅游资源概况、旅游业的发展概况。这是本文研究的区域背景资料。
第五章为四川省旅游景区(点)系统空间结构分形的实证研究。本章首先指出了对其进行分形研究的可行性;随后给出了本文拟采用的聚集维数、空间关联维数的基本模型及其地理意义;再通过对数据的收集与处理,对四川省4A级景区(点)系统与国家级自然保护区系统研究进行了聚集维数、空间关联维数的测算,并对计算的结果进行了对比分析,指出了二者之间分形特征的异同。这是本文研究的重点。
第六章为结语部分。本章在上一章计算分析的基础上,得出了利用分形理论对四川省4A级景区(点)系统和国家级自然保护区系统进行研究是可行的,两个系统均存在分形特征、两个系统分形的特征有差异的结论。同时指出了本文存在的几点不足。
Tourism scenic area (spot) is the key point for tourism destination development and an unavoidable topic in tourism geography research. It is the physical carrier for the traveling activity, and has important theoretical and realistic significance for the deep study of scenic spot system. Taking 4A scenic spot system in Sichuan province as a case, this paper mainly studies the spatial structure fractal of this system based on the theories of tourism, system and fractal.
The whole paper is divided into six parts. The first chapter introduces the background and importance of this study, the theoretical and realistic significance of this paper, and the methods and techniques used in this research. The second part is the summary of literatures of this field. It briefly narrates the present situation of domestic and foreign study on the spatial structure of scenic spot system. Since few studies were concerned with this topic, this part mainly reviewed the related achievements including tourism system, tourism spatial structure, tourism destination system, etc. The third chapter introduces some theories related with the study, including some fundamental tourism theories such as the difference of tourism, leisure, and recreation, the relationship between scenic spot and scenic area; systematic theory such as tourism system, tourism destination, tourism spatial structure, and fractal theory, which are the basis for the study in this paper. The fourth part demonstrates the regional background for this study, including the topography, natural and cultural tourism resource, the development of tourism industry of Sichuan province. The fifth chapter is the empirical study of the spatial structural fractal of tourism system of Sichuan province and is the focal point in this paper. It firstly points out the feasibility of the fractal study, then brings forward the basic model of the aggregation dimension and spatial correlation dimension that will be used in this paper and its geographic significance. Moreover, the aggregation dimension and spatial correlation dimension measurement of 4A scenic spot system of Sichuan province and national nature reserve system is carried out based on data collection and processing, and the fractal difference between them is pointed out by correlating and analyzing the calculated results. Based on the above calculation and analysis, the last chapter concludes that to use fractal theory to study the 4A scenic area (spot) system of Sichuan province and national nature reserve is feasible, and both of the two systems have fractal features and fractal difference between them. It also points out the deficiency of the study in this paper.
引文
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[2] 四川省旅游局网站(www.scta.gov.cn)
[3] 戴学军,丁登山,许志晖等.旅游景区(点)系统空间结构随即聚集分形研究--以南京市旅游景区(点)系统为例[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):706-713.
[4] Gunn,Turgut Var.Tourism Planning:Basics Concepts Cases(4thed)[M].New York:Routledge,2002:18-20.
[5] Mill R C,A Morrison. The Tourism System[M],Englewood Cliffs, N J:Prentice Hall ,1985.
[6] Leiper Neil., Tourism Systems: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University.1990a.
[7] Leiper Neil,Jourisi.attraction systems.Annals of Tourism Research,1990h,(5):367-384.
[8] 吴必虎.旅游系统;对旅游活动与旅游科学的一种解释[J].旅游学刊,1998,14(1):21-25.
[9] 刘锋.旅游系统规划—一种旅游规划新思路[J].地理学与国土研究,1999,15(1):56-60.
[10] 吴晋峰,包浩生.旅游系统的空间结构模式研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):96-101.
[11] 王家骏.旅游系统模型:整体理解旅游的钥匙[J].无锡教育学院学报,1999,13(1):66-69.
[12] Smith,S.L.J.,Tourism Analysis:A Handbook,longman.1989.
[13] Briton,S.G.,The spatial organization of tourism in a neo-colonial economy: A Fiji case study PacificVi ewpoint.1980,21,(2):144-165.
[14] Oppermann.M,Tourism space in developing countries[J],Annals of Tourism Research,1993,20(3): 535-556.
[15] 保继刚,彭华.名山旅游地的空间竞争研究—以皖南三大名山为例[J].人文地理,1994a(2):4-9.
[16] 卞显红.城市旅游空间成长及其空间结构演变机制分析[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2002(3):30-35.
[17] 陆林.皖南旅游区布局研究[J],地理科学,1995(1):88-95.
[18] 陶伟,戴光全,吴霞.“世界遗产地苏州”城市旅游空间结构研究[J].经济地理,2002(4):487-491.
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