西藏牦牛程序化人工授精技术优化研究
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摘要
程序化人工授精技术是商品牛产业化生产中的一项重要技术。本研究在自然放牧状态下,选用西藏当雄县牦牛冻精站龙仁育种牧场及其周边牧户家的牦牛,对其进行同期发情和人工授精技术优化试验。89头健康无病的牦牛分为3个组,试验]组,埋植CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG:试验Ⅱ组,放置“羊乐''+EB+P4+D-PG；试验Ⅲ组,埋植CUE-MATE+EB+Pa+D-PG+LRH-A3.结果表明：(])用CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3处理程序对于繁殖季节的牦牛有较高的同期发情率,为95%。Ⅰ和Ⅱ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ差异显著(P<0.05)；Ⅱ和Ⅲ差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大部分在处理结束后56-61h内实施人工输精；Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05)：Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组、Ⅱ绢和Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0.05)；(3)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的第一情期受胎率分别为63.64%、32.26%、65%：在第二情期复配后,总受胎率分别为62.96%、42.86%、73.68%,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05)；Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,建议人工授精最佳时间应在同期处理结束后的56-61h内集中实施。
试验证明,采用本试验设计程序化人工授精处理程序对于繁殖季节的牦牛有较高的同期发情率,尤其是埋植CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3处理程序,不易掉、效果好,适宜在牦牛生产中推广应用。
The Program Artificial Insemination is an important technique in the industrialized production of cattle. This paper studied on Program Artificial Insemination optimization of Tibet Yak feeding in Long Ren breeding pasture land and around herdmen's tangeland in DangXiong under natural environment. Eighty-nine healthy Yak were assigned randomly to three treatment groups in this experiment. GroupⅠ CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG;Group:Ⅱ"YangLe"+EB+P4+D-PG;GroupⅢ:CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3.The results were as follows:(1)The results indicated that the treatment of CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3brout high estrus rate (93.1%) during reproduce season of yak. Significant difference was observed between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ, Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ for the rate of synchronized estrus(P<0.05), however, there were no differences(P>0.05) in the rate of synchrionized between GroupⅠ and Group Ⅲ.(2) Artificial Insemination (AI) was curried out respectively after treatment finished56-61h for all the yak in Group Ⅰ.Ⅱ andⅢ. There was no difference(P>0.05) in the rate of AI between GroupⅠ and GroupⅡ, however, significant differences were observed between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅲ. GroupⅡ and GroupⅢ (P<0.05).(3) The conception rate of GroupⅠ.Ⅱ and Ⅲ were63、64%、32.26%、65%respectively, the final conception rate of Group Ⅰ.Ⅱ and Ⅲ were62.96%、42.86%、73.68%respectively. There were no differences(P>0.05) in the conception rate between Group I and Group Ⅱ. Group I and Group Ⅲ. however, significant difference was observed between Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ (P<0.05). Therefore, the good timing for Al was advised that after the treatment finished56-61h for all the yak in Oestrous Synchronization.
The results indicated that the Program Artificial Insemination used in the present experiment had high estrus rate during the reproduce season of yak. especially the program III was suitable to widely apply in the production of yak for its firm and pretty effect.
试验证明,采用本试验设计程序化人工授精处理程序对于繁殖季节的牦牛有较高的同期发情率,尤其是埋植CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3处理程序,不易掉、效果好,适宜在牦牛生产中推广应用。
The Program Artificial Insemination is an important technique in the industrialized production of cattle. This paper studied on Program Artificial Insemination optimization of Tibet Yak feeding in Long Ren breeding pasture land and around herdmen's tangeland in DangXiong under natural environment. Eighty-nine healthy Yak were assigned randomly to three treatment groups in this experiment. GroupⅠ CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG;Group:Ⅱ"YangLe"+EB+P4+D-PG;GroupⅢ:CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3.The results were as follows:(1)The results indicated that the treatment of CUE-MATE+EB+P4+D-PG+LRH-A3brout high estrus rate (93.1%) during reproduce season of yak. Significant difference was observed between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ, Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ for the rate of synchronized estrus(P<0.05), however, there were no differences(P>0.05) in the rate of synchrionized between GroupⅠ and Group Ⅲ.(2) Artificial Insemination (AI) was curried out respectively after treatment finished56-61h for all the yak in Group Ⅰ.Ⅱ andⅢ. There was no difference(P>0.05) in the rate of AI between GroupⅠ and GroupⅡ, however, significant differences were observed between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅲ. GroupⅡ and GroupⅢ (P<0.05).(3) The conception rate of GroupⅠ.Ⅱ and Ⅲ were63、64%、32.26%、65%respectively, the final conception rate of Group Ⅰ.Ⅱ and Ⅲ were62.96%、42.86%、73.68%respectively. There were no differences(P>0.05) in the conception rate between Group I and Group Ⅱ. Group I and Group Ⅲ. however, significant difference was observed between Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ (P<0.05). Therefore, the good timing for Al was advised that after the treatment finished56-61h for all the yak in Oestrous Synchronization.
The results indicated that the Program Artificial Insemination used in the present experiment had high estrus rate during the reproduce season of yak. especially the program III was suitable to widely apply in the production of yak for its firm and pretty effect.
引文
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[9]Pan heping and Qiao Cunlai.Influence of mating groups on yak reproductive performance!A].Yak Production in central Asian highlands[C].Lanzhou:Printing House of Gansu Economic Mangagement Cadra Zustitute,1994:] 94-196.
[10]Doyoddorji,D.T.Batbayar.studies on dissection of genital organs of male(twinings) yak in Mongolia[A].Yak production in central Asian highlands[C].xi'ning:Qinghai Peoples Pubishing Houes.1997:170-175.
[11]蔡立.中国牦牛[M].四川科学技术出版社.1992.
[12]夏洛浚,等.牦牛的超微结构[J].中国牦牛,1990,(3)：4-7.
[13]夏洛浚,等.牦牛的精子发生规律的分析及与普通牛的对比[J].中国牦牛,1990,(3)：12-18.
[14]夏洛浚,等.牦牛的生精上皮周期[J].中国牦牛,1992,(3)：8-11.
[15]赵善延,秦传芳,等.犏牛及其亲本(牦牛和黄牛)睾丸的定量组织学比较研究[J].中国牦牛,]990.(3)：50-55.
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[18]刘振魁.青海牦牛的繁殖特性[J].中国牦牛.1981,(4)：5-7.
[19]和绍禹,等.中甸牦牛调查[J].黄牛杂志.1998,(2)：22-24.
[20]四川甘孜农牧局.九龙牦牛调查[J].中国牦牛,1980.(])：34-35.
[21]张容昶.中国的牦牛[M].兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社,1989.110.
[22]阎萍.牦牛养殖实用技术问答[M].兰州：甘肃民族出版社.2007,16.
[23]蔡立.中国牦牛[M].四川科学技术出版社.1992.
[24]杜复生.牦牛冷冻精液研制[J].中国牦牛.1981.(1)：6-11
[25]Zhang Yun.The relationship between season and age of studty yak bull in Dangxun[A].Yak production in central Asian highland[C].Lanzhou:printing House of Gansu Economic Cadre Jnstiiute.1994.303-307
[26]张君.冶成君.等.高原型牦牛繁育状况调查[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志.2005.(2)：21-23
[27]张容昶.中国的牦牛[M].甘肃科学出版社.1989：88-96
[28]张容昶.牦牛的繁殖特性[J].中国牦牛.1979,(4)：63-71
[29]邱忠权,朱启明..母牦牛生殖器官组织学研究[J].中国牦牛.1981.(4)：25-28.
[30]雷焕章,等.牦牛生殖生理及繁殖特性观察[J].中国畜牧杂志.1964.(7)：1-3
[31]郭宪,阎萍.提高牦牛繁殖率的技术措施.中国牛业科学,2008
[32]蔡立群.牦牛的繁殖特性[J].中国牦牛.1988,(1)：4-10
[33]刘武林,赵声玉.关于山丹军马场母牦牛某些繁殖特性的观察分析[J].中国牦牛.1982.(3)：27-32
[34]Qinghai Daong Yak Ferm.Production procedure of froze semen pellet of wild yak[A].Yak producte in centra 1 Asisan hiahlands [C].Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House,1997.158-162
[35]张容昶,胡江.牦牛养殖技术.金盾出版社.2002
[36]刘振魁.青海牦牛的繁殖特性[J].中国牦牛.1981,(4)：5-7
[37]曹成章,赵丙尧.牦牛同情发情初步试验结果[J].中国牦牛.1992,(6)：39-41
[38]张云,牦牛冷冻精液研制试验报告.中国牦牛.1989(1)：13-24
[39]Xiang-dong Zi.Reproduction in female yaks (Bos gruniens) and opportunities for improvement[J].Theriogenology,2003,59:1303-1312
[40]董伟.家畜繁殖学(第2版)[M].北京：中国农业出社,1986,230-234.
[41]王念功.牛的同期发情[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学.
[42]张居农,张春礼,吴健华.牦牛发情调控的研究进展[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2005,13(2)：15-21.
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