库车克拉苏冲断带断裂系统及控藏机理
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摘要
克拉苏冲断带是库车坳陷的一个重要的含油气构造带，近年来在新近系和第四系浅部地层中发现了大宛齐油田，在白垩系相继发现了克拉2、克拉3、大北1、大北3、克深2等多个盐下含气构造，展现出广阔的油气勘探前景。但气水分布具有极大的不均匀性，预测难度大，增加了天然气勘探的风险。
论文在对克拉苏冲断带地质特征分析的基础上，在搞清断裂分布和断裂系统的前提下，以大北1气田为研究工区，根据现场提供的三维地震数据体，参考前人的构造解释方案，总结出工区的断裂特征。通过现有的资料（压力数据、气体成分、水成分），对大北地区进行典型油气藏解剖，研究了大北井区已发现天然气的分布规律。基于断裂侧向封闭性和裂缝对储层的影响两个方面，运用断裂封闭性定量评价技术和FaultED裂缝预测技术，从保存和储层两个方面，分析了断裂对油气水分布的控制作用，深入探讨了断裂对天然气的控制机理，总结了大北工区断裂封闭性的影响因素，探讨了一套可行的气水界面预测思路和方法，并初步预测了大北井区各断圈的气水界面。
论文综合考虑了断裂几何学特征、变形期次、变形性质以及不同时期应力场分布特征，将克拉苏冲断带划分为4套断裂系统，即正反转断层、盐下逆冲断层、同沉积正断层和盐上滑脱型逆冲断层。综合运用断层两侧流体相关参数对比法、岩性对接法、SGR法、断面压力法对大北工区进行断裂封闭性进行评价，结果表明F6是开启的，F2、F3的侧向封闭能力控制着现今大北1断圈和大北101断圈的气水界面， F4、F5、F7是封闭的（所能支撑的烃柱高度大于圈闭幅度）。除了大北103和大北101断圈，其余断圈预测的气水界面均比原先根据断点确定的气水界面要低，扩展了大北工区天然气的勘探范围。用FaultED法对大北工区进行裂缝预测，模拟结果表明地层越靠近断层，裂缝密度越大，而且，断层断距越大，其附近的裂缝密度越大。预测出大北6井和大北104井的裂缝密度比较高，提出储层渗透性并不是它们失利的原因。
Kelasu thrust belt is an important Oil and gas structure in Kuqa basin. In recent years,Dawanqi oilfield is found in the Neogene and Quaternary shallow strata. As the oil and gasexploration in deeper strata, many Gas reservoirs, such as Kela2, Kela3, Dabei1, Dabei3,Keshen2, are found under salt. All these show the wide prospect of oil and gas exploration.But the distribution of gas and water is uniformity, prediction is difficult, and increased therisk of natural gas exploration.
Based on the analysis of the geological characteristics of Kelasu thrust belt, the paperfirst clarified the distribution of faults and fault systems, with Dabei1gas field for researchwork area, according to the3d seismic data volume, the reference of the past structureinterpretation schemes, summarized the characteristics of fault. Through the existing material(pressure data, gas composition, water component), for typical reservoirs anatomy of Db1gasfield, study the distribution of natural gas which has been found. Based on the lateral sealingability of fault and the influence of the cracks on reservoir two aspects, the use of fault sealingquantitative evaluation technology and FaultED crack prediction technology, deeply discussedthe control mechanism of fault, summarized the influence factor of faults in Db1. In the end, aviable method for gas water interface prediction was established, and gas water interfaces ofDB1gas field were initially forecasted.
Comprehensive consideration of the fracture geometry characteristic, deformation times,deformation properties and distribution characteristics of stress field in different periods,Kelasu thrust belt is divided into four fault systems, which is inverted faults, thrust fault onthe salt, normal faults with sedimentary and imbricate fault under the salt.
Using four methods, the analysis of the fluid related parameters on both sides of faults,juxtaposition, the SGR method, fault reactivation, to evaluate fault sealing. The results showthat F6is open, lateral sealing capacity of F2and F3control now gas water interface of Db1and Db101fault trap, F4, F5, F7have high sealing ability (can support of hydrocarboncolumn height more than traps close).
Gas water interfaces of all fault trap which is predicted is lower than those aredetermined according to the breakpoint, except Db101and Db103fault trap. So this workexpanded natural gas exploration area in Db1gas field. With the FaultED method for fractureprediction in Db1gas field, the simulation results show that the nearer to fault, the morefissures for the formation. The greater the fault is, the more fissures for the formation. Thus,the formation around the Db6well and Db104well have high fracture densities, namely thepermeability of reservoir is not the cause of their defeat.
论文在对克拉苏冲断带地质特征分析的基础上，在搞清断裂分布和断裂系统的前提下，以大北1气田为研究工区，根据现场提供的三维地震数据体，参考前人的构造解释方案，总结出工区的断裂特征。通过现有的资料（压力数据、气体成分、水成分），对大北地区进行典型油气藏解剖，研究了大北井区已发现天然气的分布规律。基于断裂侧向封闭性和裂缝对储层的影响两个方面，运用断裂封闭性定量评价技术和FaultED裂缝预测技术，从保存和储层两个方面，分析了断裂对油气水分布的控制作用，深入探讨了断裂对天然气的控制机理，总结了大北工区断裂封闭性的影响因素，探讨了一套可行的气水界面预测思路和方法，并初步预测了大北井区各断圈的气水界面。
论文综合考虑了断裂几何学特征、变形期次、变形性质以及不同时期应力场分布特征，将克拉苏冲断带划分为4套断裂系统，即正反转断层、盐下逆冲断层、同沉积正断层和盐上滑脱型逆冲断层。综合运用断层两侧流体相关参数对比法、岩性对接法、SGR法、断面压力法对大北工区进行断裂封闭性进行评价，结果表明F6是开启的，F2、F3的侧向封闭能力控制着现今大北1断圈和大北101断圈的气水界面， F4、F5、F7是封闭的（所能支撑的烃柱高度大于圈闭幅度）。除了大北103和大北101断圈，其余断圈预测的气水界面均比原先根据断点确定的气水界面要低，扩展了大北工区天然气的勘探范围。用FaultED法对大北工区进行裂缝预测，模拟结果表明地层越靠近断层，裂缝密度越大，而且，断层断距越大，其附近的裂缝密度越大。预测出大北6井和大北104井的裂缝密度比较高，提出储层渗透性并不是它们失利的原因。
Kelasu thrust belt is an important Oil and gas structure in Kuqa basin. In recent years,Dawanqi oilfield is found in the Neogene and Quaternary shallow strata. As the oil and gasexploration in deeper strata, many Gas reservoirs, such as Kela2, Kela3, Dabei1, Dabei3,Keshen2, are found under salt. All these show the wide prospect of oil and gas exploration.But the distribution of gas and water is uniformity, prediction is difficult, and increased therisk of natural gas exploration.
Based on the analysis of the geological characteristics of Kelasu thrust belt, the paperfirst clarified the distribution of faults and fault systems, with Dabei1gas field for researchwork area, according to the3d seismic data volume, the reference of the past structureinterpretation schemes, summarized the characteristics of fault. Through the existing material(pressure data, gas composition, water component), for typical reservoirs anatomy of Db1gasfield, study the distribution of natural gas which has been found. Based on the lateral sealingability of fault and the influence of the cracks on reservoir two aspects, the use of fault sealingquantitative evaluation technology and FaultED crack prediction technology, deeply discussedthe control mechanism of fault, summarized the influence factor of faults in Db1. In the end, aviable method for gas water interface prediction was established, and gas water interfaces ofDB1gas field were initially forecasted.
Comprehensive consideration of the fracture geometry characteristic, deformation times,deformation properties and distribution characteristics of stress field in different periods,Kelasu thrust belt is divided into four fault systems, which is inverted faults, thrust fault onthe salt, normal faults with sedimentary and imbricate fault under the salt.
Using four methods, the analysis of the fluid related parameters on both sides of faults,juxtaposition, the SGR method, fault reactivation, to evaluate fault sealing. The results showthat F6is open, lateral sealing capacity of F2and F3control now gas water interface of Db1and Db101fault trap, F4, F5, F7have high sealing ability (can support of hydrocarboncolumn height more than traps close).
Gas water interfaces of all fault trap which is predicted is lower than those aredetermined according to the breakpoint, except Db101and Db103fault trap. So this workexpanded natural gas exploration area in Db1gas field. With the FaultED method for fractureprediction in Db1gas field, the simulation results show that the nearer to fault, the morefissures for the formation. The greater the fault is, the more fissures for the formation. Thus,the formation around the Db6well and Db104well have high fracture densities, namely thepermeability of reservoir is not the cause of their defeat.
引文
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