低渗透油层产量关系理论研究及应用
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摘要
试油产量是试油资料中的一个相当重要的参数，它是制定开发方案的重要依据，也是开发定产的重要参考。由于工程、地质两方面的差异，造成试油产量与开发产量有很大的差别。因此认识低渗油层试油产量与开发初期弹性产量的差别及其原因，研究出它们之间的关系，可以为制订区块的开发方案提供依据。
本文通过查阅国内外文献和根据大庆油田的实际地质情况，阐述了低渗透油田的概念与分类界限，把低渗透油田分为三类，即普通、特低和超低渗透油田。针对大庆外围油田的试采井的试油资料和试采资料，从Darcy定律和J.Dupuit公式出发，建立低渗透油田产能方程，从供给半径、渗透率、储层均质性和沉积微相等六个方面对产能影响因素进行分析，并针对海塔油田部分油井油层进行参数分析和产能预测实际应用，得到结果与现场实际相符合。对不稳定IPR理论进行研究和以往试采资料进行统计分析，得到葡萄花油层和低渗透的扶杨油层试油产量和试采产量之间的关系，形成了两种试采定产方法。对试油产量和试采产量关系进行研究，有效的指导试采工作，保证在试采过程中取得稳定的产量资料、压力变化规律资料和提交区块储量所需参数。结合理论与实际，以比采油指数法为基础建立葡萄花油层和低渗透的扶杨油层试油产量和开发初期产量的关系，给出公式适用条件，利用试油阶段的产量、生产压差和有效厚度就可以计算试油时的比采油指数，根据开区块的平均有效厚度来计算不同生产压差下的开发稳定产量，并通过生产实际验证，从而依据探井试油产量合理制定区块开发方案，指导新区块开发。
Test oil production is a trial of a quite oil material important parameters, it is theimportant basis for formulating development plan, also is the important developmentDingChan reference. Because the geological engineering, the differences between the two, tryoil production and development by production have very big difference.So we know lowpermeability reservoir test oil production and development of the difference of the earlyproduction flexibility and the reasons, and study the relationship between them which canprovides the basis for making the block development scheme.
This article through the consult literature at home and abroad and according to thepractical geological conditions of daqing oil field, this paper expounds the concept of lowpermeability oil field boundaries and classification, the low permeable oilfield is divided intothree kinds, namely common, especially low and ultra low permeable oil fields. in view of theperipheral oil fields of daqing oil production of the well test data and production material.lowpermeable oilfield production equation is based on Darcy law and J.D upuit formula. Weanalyze the factors which include supply radius, the reservoir permeability, homogeneous andsedimentary microfacies, According to the oil Wells tower of oil parameter analysis andproductivity prediction practical application, result and the actual conform,and studying onthe unstable IPR theory of previous research and production material of statistical analysis,we get the relationship betweenputaohua reservoir and low permeability reservoir Fu Yangtest oil production and output production, and form two fixed production methodsthe, bystudying on the relationship between try oil production and the production output whichdirect production exploratory Wells effectively and ensure the production process in hasexploratory Wells stable production material, the change law of pressure data and submitblock reserves required parameters. Combining theory with practice, use oil production indexmethod to establish relation putaohua reservoir and low permeability reservoir Fu Yang try oilproduction and development of the relationship between the initial production, give formulasuitable conditions, using the yield, try oil stage production of the differential pressure andeffective thickness can compute the oil than try oil production index, the use ofdevelopment block to the average effective thickness to calculate the different productionpressure difference of stable yield under development, and through the actual productionverification, and sounding try oil production according to establishing a reasonable blockdevelopment plan and guide the new block development.
本文通过查阅国内外文献和根据大庆油田的实际地质情况，阐述了低渗透油田的概念与分类界限，把低渗透油田分为三类，即普通、特低和超低渗透油田。针对大庆外围油田的试采井的试油资料和试采资料，从Darcy定律和J.Dupuit公式出发，建立低渗透油田产能方程，从供给半径、渗透率、储层均质性和沉积微相等六个方面对产能影响因素进行分析，并针对海塔油田部分油井油层进行参数分析和产能预测实际应用，得到结果与现场实际相符合。对不稳定IPR理论进行研究和以往试采资料进行统计分析，得到葡萄花油层和低渗透的扶杨油层试油产量和试采产量之间的关系，形成了两种试采定产方法。对试油产量和试采产量关系进行研究，有效的指导试采工作，保证在试采过程中取得稳定的产量资料、压力变化规律资料和提交区块储量所需参数。结合理论与实际，以比采油指数法为基础建立葡萄花油层和低渗透的扶杨油层试油产量和开发初期产量的关系，给出公式适用条件，利用试油阶段的产量、生产压差和有效厚度就可以计算试油时的比采油指数，根据开区块的平均有效厚度来计算不同生产压差下的开发稳定产量，并通过生产实际验证，从而依据探井试油产量合理制定区块开发方案，指导新区块开发。
Test oil production is a trial of a quite oil material important parameters, it is theimportant basis for formulating development plan, also is the important developmentDingChan reference. Because the geological engineering, the differences between the two, tryoil production and development by production have very big difference.So we know lowpermeability reservoir test oil production and development of the difference of the earlyproduction flexibility and the reasons, and study the relationship between them which canprovides the basis for making the block development scheme.
This article through the consult literature at home and abroad and according to thepractical geological conditions of daqing oil field, this paper expounds the concept of lowpermeability oil field boundaries and classification, the low permeable oilfield is divided intothree kinds, namely common, especially low and ultra low permeable oil fields. in view of theperipheral oil fields of daqing oil production of the well test data and production material.lowpermeable oilfield production equation is based on Darcy law and J.D upuit formula. Weanalyze the factors which include supply radius, the reservoir permeability, homogeneous andsedimentary microfacies, According to the oil Wells tower of oil parameter analysis andproductivity prediction practical application, result and the actual conform,and studying onthe unstable IPR theory of previous research and production material of statistical analysis,we get the relationship betweenputaohua reservoir and low permeability reservoir Fu Yangtest oil production and output production, and form two fixed production methodsthe, bystudying on the relationship between try oil production and the production output whichdirect production exploratory Wells effectively and ensure the production process in hasexploratory Wells stable production material, the change law of pressure data and submitblock reserves required parameters. Combining theory with practice, use oil production indexmethod to establish relation putaohua reservoir and low permeability reservoir Fu Yang try oilproduction and development of the relationship between the initial production, give formulasuitable conditions, using the yield, try oil stage production of the differential pressure andeffective thickness can compute the oil than try oil production index, the use ofdevelopment block to the average effective thickness to calculate the different productionpressure difference of stable yield under development, and through the actual productionverification, and sounding try oil production according to establishing a reasonable blockdevelopment plan and guide the new block development.
引文
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[3] Boyun Guo．Corrections to horizontal drain hole productivity equations for wellborefriction effect [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering70(2010)344–349.
[4]闵琪,金贵孝,荣春龙等．低渗透油气田研究与实践[M]．石油工业出版社.
[5]李笑萍,张大为．数理方法与试井数学模型[M]．石油工业出版社.
[6]高玉普.陕北低压低渗透油田开发实践[M].中国石化出版社.
[7]何岩峰,等．低渗透油藏油井产能预测新方法[J]．中国石油大学学报，2007.10：69-73.
[8]贾振岐,王延峰,付俊林,等.低渗低速下非达西渗流特征及影响因素[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25(3)：73-76.
[9]王永卓,王春瑞,万心一.大庆外围低渗透油田探井与开发井之间产能关系探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发1999.10（5）：2-5.
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[11]宋付权.变形介质低渗透油藏的产能分析[J].特种油气藏,2002(8):33-35.
[12]陈明强等.变形介质低渗透油藏油井真实产能计算与分析[J].西安石油大学学报,2006(3):18-23.
[13]高艳秋等.低渗透油田产能预测方法研究[J].油气田地面工程,2005(11):9
[14]贾振岐等.低渗透油藏非线性渗流下的油井产能[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006(2):101-103.
[15]孙彦达等.大庆外围低渗透油田产能预测影响因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2001(12):73-76.
[16]王秀娟等.低渗透储层应力敏感性与产能物性下限[J].石油与天然气地质,2003(6):162-165.
[17]王玉英等.异常高压、特低渗透油藏油合理产能研究[J].油气井测试,2005(8)
[18]李传亮等.低渗透储集层油藏的产能特征分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006(10):567-568.
[19]尹洪军等.低渗透油藏的压裂井产能分析[J].特种油气藏,2005(4).
[20]田晓东等.大庆喇萨杏油田产量递减率变化规律[J].石油学报,2006.12(27):137-141.
[21]吴森光等.油田产量递减曲线与衰减曲线的关系[J].石油钻探技术,1995.9(3):49-52.
[22]张雁等.开发井低渗透储层中长期产能预测[J].油气井测试,2007.10(5):19-22
[23]李瑞琪.试油井产能预测方法研究[J].油气田地面工程,2009(1):23-24.
[24]М.Л.苏尔古伊耶夫等.低渗透油田开发的问题和原则[M].杨俊杰编,低渗透油气藏勘探开发技术.北京:石油工程出版社,1993.136-138.
[25]A.I莱复生.石油地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1975.
[26]严衡文,周培珍,皮广农冀东地区南堡潜山带深层油气储集性能评价研究杨俊杰编，低渗透油气藏勘探开发技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社，1993.32-40.
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[30]DENNIS L. NIELSON and SUSAN G. STIGERt. DRILLING AND VALUATION OFASCENSION#1, A GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION WELL ON ASCENSIONISLAND, SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN [J]. Geothermics Vol.25, No.4/5, pp.543-560,1996.
[31] ZENG Chun-lin, JIANG Bo, ZHANG Min, YIN Cheng-ming, MA Li-xie. Geologicalfactors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of theQaidam basin[J]. Mining Science and Technology19(2009)0241–0244.
[32]SONG Fan, HOU Jia-gen, SU Ni-na. Model building for Chang-8low permeabilitysandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field[J]. Mining Scienceand Technology19(2009)0245–0251.
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